微生物菌剂处理炼油废水的工程设计

炼油废水具有污染物浓度高、水质波动大、可生化性差等特点,采用常规生物处理,难以稳定达标。采用"高效微生物+生物模块"工艺路线,应用石油降解菌剂、硝化菌剂和与之匹配的工艺,处理炼油废水,出水水质稳定达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,对COD和NH3-N的平均去除率分别为94.2%和93.1%。该工艺具有抗冲击负荷强、运行费用省、出水水质好等优点,有较好的应用价值。     

气浮-水解酸化-反应沉淀-接触氧化处理石化废水

利用气浮-水解酸化-反应沉淀-接触氧化工艺对石化废水进行处理。运行结果表明:该工艺能够有效去除石化废水的COD、石油类、甲苯、二甲苯和苯酚,出水各项指标均达到GB 8978-1996《国家污水综合排放标准》二级标准的要求。     

混凝气浮-微电解-SBR工艺处理油墨与黏合剂混合废水

介绍了采用混凝气浮 -微电解 -SBR工艺处理纸箱包装行业油墨和黏合剂混合废水的工程实例 ,经该工艺处理后的废水达到国家一级排放标准。该工艺具有占地少、效果好、运行稳定可靠等特点     

炼油废水提标改造技术应用研究

介绍了炼油废水的特点以及相关的炼油废水常规处理技术,重点介绍了包括磁分离、水解酸化+接触氧化工艺、臭氧催化氧化+曝气生物滤池工艺(BAF)等提标改造技术在炼油废水处理的应用情况,废水经过提标改造后,可达《河南省辖海河流域水污染物排放标准》(DB41/777-2013),且系统运行稳定,具体较好的推广前景。     

厌氧-好氧工艺处理中高浓度有机废水工程实践

利用厌氧和好氧浮动生化床相结合的工艺处理以乳制品废水为主的中高浓度有机废水,处理后水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级标准,实践表明该工艺具有占地面积小、工程投资低、运行效果稳定等优点。     

不锈钢管制造业废水处理的工程实践

对不锈钢管业生产过程产生的废水采用中和、絮凝方法进行处理。出水可以达到国家污水综合排放标准（GB8978—1996）新建一级标准。利用该工艺处理废水的特点是工艺简单、投资省、占地小、操作简单、运行稳定、处理效果好。     

IC-A/O-Fenton氧化处理废纸造纸废水的中试研究

由于废纸再生造纸废水中溶解性有机物的分子量差异较大,用单一的处理单元不能达到理想的处理效果。本实验采用IC-NO-Fenton氧化工艺来处理该废水,中试实验运行结果表明,此工艺能够有效地处理废纸再生造纸废水,COD、SS的去除率均达到99％,色度的去除率达到95％,其他各项指标也能达到新的国家排放标准GB3544-20...     

油库含油废水处理技术

采用物化法与生化法相结合的工艺处理含油废水,工程运行实践表明,该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定,各项指标均可达到GB8978-1996<污水综合排放标准>中的一级排放标准.     

混凝+厌氧+好氧组合工艺处理油墨废水的工程实例

采用混凝沉淀+水解酸化池+BIOFOR滤池工艺对文具厂油墨废水进行处理,通过工程实例,对工艺流程,构筑物的设计参数,调试运行进行探讨。结果表明:对于COD较大,色度非常高的油墨废水经该工艺处理后,能达到GB8978-1996《废水综合排放标准》中一级排放标准,且该工程投资小,运行费用低;管理简单方便。     

气浮-水解-接触氧化工艺处理蜡防印花废水技术

介绍采用气浮-水解-接触氧化工艺处理蜡防印花废水技术。工程实践运行表明,该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定。各项指标均可达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4287-1992)二级排放标准。     

美国水环境质量基准体系

美国依据《清洁水法》建立了一套较完善的水环境质量基准体系,并开展了水生生物基准、人体健康基准、营养物基准、沉积物质量基准、细菌基准、生物学基准、野生生物基准和物理基准等方面的研究. 在重点分析美国水环境质量基准体系、基准制定方法和研究进展的基础上,提出了我国开展水环境质量基准研究的建议,即提高对我国开展水环境质量基准研究的迫切性和重要性的认识,并根据我国的实际情况,建立一套适合我国国情的水环境基准体系和基准制订工作指南,同时做好国外水环境质量基准的采用与验证工作.      

爆破地震安全判据若干问题探讨

在对现行爆破地震安全判据的合理性及局限和缺陷进行分析的同时，着重探讨综合考虑振速、频率和时间等因素建立多参数地震安全判据的重要性，并就完善和修改爆破地震安全判据提出了建议。     

保护淡水水生生物硝基苯水质基准研究

以硝基苯为研究对象,在分析美国和中国2种类型水生态系统和生物区系特征的基础上,分别筛选两国水生生物物种的毒性数据,运用物种敏感度分布曲线法、毒性百分数排序法和评价因子法分别推导了2个国家保护淡水水生生物水质基准;同时,结合国内外主要水体ρ(硝基苯)分布特征,对地表水体中硝基苯生态风险进行了初步评价.结果表明:由于生物区系不同,同样方法得到的美国水质基准值明显高于中国水质基准值,其中物种敏感度分布曲线法得出的基准值最为合理.用物种敏感度分布曲线法得到中国硝基苯急性基准值为0.572mg/L,慢性基准值为0.114mg/L;美国硝基苯急性基准值为7.271mg/L,慢性基准值为2.031mg/L.风险表征结果显示,中国主要地表水体中硝基苯不存在潜在的生态风险.      

建设项目环境影响经济评价方法研究

对建设项目进行环境影响经济评价的类型划分基础上，提出了环境影响经济评价指标体系，环境影响评价的“有无对比法”和“增量评价法”以及实例，并就评价方法运用的进一步研究，如评价参数的选取、评价结果的处理等提出了建议。     

EM技术在黄姜加工废水处理中的应用

混合种属的协同优势对废水的降解优于单一菌属,采用EM技术处理黄姜加工废水,投资费用低,有其独特的优越性。只要加强中控管理:pH值、温度、处理时间,即可确保水质达标排放。     

物化生化联合工艺处理城市废水生产试验研究

采用物化生化联合工艺进行了城市污水处理的生产性试验 ,试验结果表明 :联合工艺同时具有物化法和生化法的优点 ,用它来处理城市污水时 ,处理效率高 ,时间短 ,运行费用低 ,COD、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、T -P的平均去除率分别为 70 .4 %、83 .2 %、87.1 %、58.6 %、92 .3 % ,污水的总停留时间约 3h,处理每吨污水的运行费用为 0 .33元。污水经处理后出水指标达到国家GB8979- 1 996及广州GD4437- 90城市污水排放一级标准     

Eco-labelling of wild-caught seafood products

Several eco-labels for wild-caught seafood have been developed during the last decade. This article describes and analyses the criteria applied by four different eco-labelling schemes for seafood products from capture fisheries, and discusses the criteria in terms of environmental impacts, based on the ISO 14040 standard for life cycle assessment.It is concluded that the most widespread eco-label, the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), mainly addresses the fishing stage, in particular the overexploitation of marine resources. LCA studies confirm that the fishing stage represents the most significant environmental burden, but energy consumption and emissions of anti-fouling agents at the fishing or harvesting stage contribute with significant impacts that are not being addressed by international labelling initiatives for wild-caught seafood.LCA studies show that significant environmental impacts are related to the life cycle stages after landing. This includes fish processing, transport, cooling and packaging (especially for highly processed seafood products). Hence, another challenge would be to include criteria related to the post-landing consumption of energy, certain materials and chemicals, waste handling and wastewater emissions. Minimizing product losses throughout the product chain would also be an important area for future criteria in order to avoid fishing at high environmental costs only to produce something that is later wasted.The analysis shows that the Swedish KRAV is the only one that currently addresses a range of issues that include energy and chemicals in the whole life cycle of the products. International initiatives such as MSC cover fish products from many parts of the world emphasizing ‘overexploitation of fish resources’. It is recommended, however, that international initiatives such as MSC develop criteria related to energy use and chemicals – at least at the fishing stage. Over time, other life cycle stages could be addressed as well to the extent that this is manageable.     

PVC合金超滤膜在油田采出水回用中的应用研究

试验采用改性的PVC合金超滤膜法对油田采出水进行深度处理,其处理出水水质达到榆树林油田特低渗透油层要求的回注水水质指标,通过超滤膜组件的运行,采用死端过滤,运行周期为12min,正冲线速度为0.4m/s,时间为10s,反冲洗通量为150L(/m2.h),时间为10s,进水压力为0.1MPa最佳;化学清洗时,采用表面活性剂+酸洗+碱洗,可以获得最佳的清洗效果。     

中俄跨界水体水质联合监测长期合作若干问题的思考

文章在概要阐述中俄联合监测实验内容与经过之后,提出了下一步中俄联合监测在双方统一评价标准、监测分析方法的设想。同时提出今后扩大中俄双方联合监测方面的技术交流和新的合作方式的构想。     

Availability,addiction and alternatives: three criteria for assessing the impact of peak minerals on society

The concept of ‘peaks’ in the production of natural resources has attracted attention in the area of energy production, with concerns about ‘peak oil’ driving recent research and investment in alternative sources of energy. There are fundamental and important differences between a peak in the production of oil and peaks in the production of metalliferous minerals, but in both cases production changes from ‘easier and less expensive’ early in a resource’s life to ‘difficult and expensive’ as time progresses. The impacts of this change in production circumstances require critical consideration in the governance of national and sub-national mineral endowments.This paper develops a framework for evaluating the impacts of changing patterns of mineral production. The framework considers three criteria: availability of a resource (considering its geological characteristics and geographical distribution); society’s addiction to the resource (its centrality and criticality to economic, social and environmental systems); and the possibility of finding alternatives (whether the resource can be substituted or recovered). An initial assessment against these criteria provides an overview of how a production peak might affect the production of minerals in Australia and the impacts that this might have on the Australian economy.Assessing important resources against these three criteria will be imperative in future considerations regarding the roles minerals and metals play as service providers in our economic, social and environmental systems. Additionally, this analysis should prompt a reassessment of the value of minerals beyond economic measures. Indicators derived from these criteria will inform strategies that can address future changes in production characteristics – meeting challenges with strong governance, and realising opportunities with proactive policy.