宝鸡市机动车尾气排放现状调查与分析

通过对宝鸡市区机动车尾气排放检测数据的比较分析，基本摸清了机动车尾气排放现状及规律，并对尾气超标原因作了分析，提出了控制和减少尾气污染的对策．     

成都市环境监测中心站在城区全面展开机动车尾气污染监测工作

近日，成都市环境监测中心站为进一步摸清成都市区机动车尾气对大气环境的污染程度，按照《成都市区机动车尾气污染现状调查实施方案》，于2005年4月14日全面开展了机动车尾气污染监测工作。此次监测共布设点位11个，出动专业技术人员40余人，     

城市机动车尾气污染与控制

介绍了城市机动车保有量持续上升，城市地区的大气污染向机动车尾气型污染转化，光化学烟雾发生的机率增大的情况及控制机动车尾气污染的几种途径。     

城市机动车尾气排放管理方案探析

随着机动车保有量的增加,机动车尾气污染日渐凸显,对城市环境空气质量带来巨大压力,需要出台行之有效的措施来降低或减少机动车尾气排放带来的危害。机动车尾气排放管理方案的制定要结合"车、油、路"等多个角度考虑,防、治结合,才能有效减少城市机动车尾气排放。     

北京18个区县采用遥测技术监测机动车

19辆机动车尾气激光遥感监测车近日投入到北京市18个区县和经济技术开发区的控制机动车污染工作中。据北京市环保局副局长杜少中介绍,激光遥感监测机动车尾气排放技术的应用,提升了全市对机动车污染排放的监测能力,使北京在全国率先实现了对上路行驶机动车尾气排放的大规模动态监测。     

高排放车遥感筛选在台湾的应用

机动车尾气遥感监测是一项较新的技术。文章介绍了台湾地区在机动车尾气遥感监测法规、标准制订、实施方面的成功经验,以及我国其他大城市可以从中借鉴的经验。     

在用机动车尾气检测新技术亮相

既能够检测出汽车排放污染物的总量，又能够最终实现网络实时监测，且成本适中，这就是新型在用机动车尾气检测技术——简易瞬态工况检测法（即V mas）。在2007年6月3日召开的“在用机动车尾气检测新技术恳谈会”上，我国在用车尾气检测知名专家一致认为，为了有效控制在用车污染物排放总量、确保空气质量不再恶化并逐步好转，国家应尽快推动这一技术的普遍应用。     

机动车尾气的污染现状与控制

本文主要研究了机动车尾气的污染现状,对人和城市大气造成的危害,阐述了“十五“期间控制城市机动车尾气污染的有效措施和方法.     

莱芜大气污染源排放颗粒物中多环芳烃研究

为了解莱芜市大气污染源排放颗粒物中多环芳烃的浓度及影响因素,采集机动车尾气尘、扬尘、工业燃煤颗粒物、民用燃煤颗粒物等4种样品,分别测定多环芳烃的含量。结果表明,莱芜市大气环境颗粒物中多环芳烃主要来源于机动车尾气和民用燃煤,12种多环芳烃类值分别为(1 536. 48±0. 78)和(299. 83±0. 30)μg/g,机动车尾气尘与扬尘、民用燃煤、工业燃煤多环芳烃均存在显著性差异。不同组分中,苯并(ghi)苝的值最高,为(559. 96±7. 59)μg/g,其次为晕苯,为(445. 36±5. 94)μg/g,城市空气污染呈现煤烟和机动车尾气复合污染的特点。     

新疆机动车尾气污染现状及防治对策

本文结合新疆第二次全国污染源普查结果,统计了全区机动车统计数据及主要污染物排放情况,分析了机动车尾气污染的主要原因,提出了相应污染防治对策,为降低我区机动车尾气污染物排放,改善城市环境空气质量,打赢污染防治攻坚战提供参考.     

BOD5样品分析中稀释倍数的确定

首衔正确估计出样品ＢＯＤ５浓度范围，并测定稀释水的溶解氧，然后根据稀释倍数公式计算三个适当的稀释倍数，本方法省时，可靠，适用性强，能够确保ＢＯＤ５样品分析一次成功。在ＢＯＤ５样品中分析中具有广泛的应用价值。     

Respirometric Evaluation by Graphical Analysis for Microbial Systems

Analysis of respirometric graphs for system diagnosis has recently drawn much attention due to the nature of the test being a fast method with reliable oxygen uptake (Ou) data. In this study, a new graphical analysis procedure is proposed, using the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) vs. Ou respirogram because of its distinct characteristics that provides easy visual inspection. The OUR plot is typically divided into two respiration phases, and each one of these phases can be simulated by a previously derived analytical equation. Based on the 2-phase model, five characteristic parameters (CPs) were derived for the OUR respirogram. Mathematically the 5 CPs can be related to the system parameters (SPs), including the four Monod kinetic parameters and two operating conditions (initial substrate and biomass concentration). Sensitivity analyses were then conducted to assess the 5 CPs for the level of effect caused by system parameters (SPs). This study also conducted respirometric tests under batch operation to evaluate the applicability of the graphical analysis method. Based on the 5 CPs estimated from the OUR respirogram of the tests, it can be concluded that respirometric tests normally experience the problems associated with initial lag, non-uniform seeding, and inadequate mixing.     

Documenting measurement sensitivity and bias of field-measured parameters in water quality monitoring programs

Measurement sensitivity and bias quality control metrics are commonly reported for water-quality parameters measured in the laboratory. Less commonly recognized is that they should also be reported for field-measured parameters. Periodic evaluation helps document data quality and can help serve as early warning if there are problems with methods or techniques that could negatively affect ability to interpret threshold values and trends over time. This study focuses on traditional assessment of bias and introduces a new method for estimating measurement sensitivity of water-quality parameters measured monthly in the field. Alternative measurement sensitivity is a new data quality indicator used to demonstrate how quantifying sensitivity at the measurement level can improve understanding the uncertainty affecting each reported data value. That, in turn, can help interpret the meaning of results from many separate data points measured in the field. In this 30-month study, pH and specific conductance consistently met, and dissolved oxygen did not always meet NPS and USGS quality control standards for bias. Evaluation of dissolved oxygen bias and sensitivity during the study provided impetus to improve calibration techniques that resulted in data that later met quality goals.     

北京市河流氨氮浓度时空演变特征分析

选取2010—2017年北京市地表水监测数据,对河流氨氮(NH 3-N)浓度的时空演变特征进行分析。结果显示,空间上,全市河流NH 3-N浓度整体上保持上游优于下游的分布特征;年均浓度显著下降,由2010年的8.53 mg/L逐年下降至2017年的3.09 mg/L;河流NH 3-N浓度与化学需氧量、总磷呈显著正相关,与溶解氧显著负相关,总氮与NH 3-N的比值随着水质由差到好呈上升状态。污水收集处理和再生水利用是改善北京市河流水质的关键措施。为持续降低河流NH 3-N浓度,改善首都水环境质量,须提高污水处理能力和出水水质,有机结合再生水回用与生态治水理念。     

Fuzzy Logic Model to Estimate Seasonal Pseudo Steady State Chlorophyll-A Concentrations in Reservoirs

A fuzzy logic model is developed to estimate pseudo steady state chlorophyll-a concentrations in a very large and deep dam reservoir, namely Keban Dam Reservoir, which is also highly spatial and temporal variable. The estimation power of the developed fuzzy logic model was tested by comparing its performance with that from the classical multiple regression model. The data include chlorophyll-a concentrations in Keban lake as a response variable, as well as several water quality variables such as PO₄ phosphorus, NO₃ nitrogen, alkalinity, suspended solids concentration, pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration and Secchi depth as independent environmental variables. Because of the complex nature of the studied water body, as well as non-significant functional relationships among the water quality variables to the chlorophyll-a concentration, an initial analysis is conducted to select the most important variables that can be used in estimating the chlorophyll-a concentrations within the studied water body. Following the outcomes from this initial analysis, the fuzzy logic model is developed to estimate the chlorophyll-a concentrations and the advantages of this new model is demonstrated in model fitting over the traditional multiple regression method.     

长春南湖底泥疏浚前后水因子分析及动态变化

监测了长春南湖底泥疏浚后的DO、NH4＿N、NO2＿N、NO3＿N、BOD5、CODCr、TN、TP、SS、pH、SD和水温等12项水化学指标。用因子分析方法找出了底泥疏浚前后影响南湖水质的主要因子,分析了底泥疏浚前后南湖水质变化的特征和底泥疏浚对南湖水质的影响,分析结果表明,南湖疏浚前主要污染物是总磷,疏浚后总磷对水质的影响降低,悬浮物作用增大。     

Numerical Modeling on the Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Nitrogen Transformation and Transport in Unsaturated Porous System

Nitrogen pollution in groundwater resulting from wastewater application to land is a common problem, and it causes a major threat to groundwater-based drinking water supplies. In this study, a numerical model is developed to study the nitrogen species transport and transformation in unsaturated porous media. Further, a new mass transfer module for dissolved oxygen (DO) is incorporated in the one-dimensional numerical model for nitrogen species transport to describe the fate and transport of nitrogen species, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and biomass. The spatial and temporal variation of dissolved oxygen is incorporated in the model through the mass transfer from gaseous phase to water phase in an unsaturated porous system. The numerical results of the water flow model and single species and multispecies transport model in an unsaturated zone developed for this purpose have been validated with the available analytical/numerical solution. The developed model is applied in clay loam, silt, and sand soils to analyze the transport behavior of nitrogen species under unsaturated condition. The numerical results suggest that the high rate of oxygen mass transfer from the air phase to the water phase positively increases the dissolved oxygen in the applied wastewater and enhances the nitrification process. Because of this high oxygen mass transfer, the nitrate nitrogen concentration significantly increases in the unsaturated zone and the same is transported to a larger depth at higher simulation period. On the other hand, the low rate of oxygen mass transfer implicitly enhances the denitrification process and finally reduces the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the unsaturated zone. The numerical results also show that the nitrate nitrogen transport is rapid in sandy soil when compared with clay loam and silty soils under high oxygen mass transfer rate. In essence, the high oxygen mass transfer rate significantly increases the nitrate nitrogen in the unsaturated zone, especially at a greater depth at larger time levels and eventually affects the groundwater quality.     

Biomonitoring of testate amoebae (protozoa) as toxic metals absorbed in aquatic bryophytes from the Hg-Tl mineralized area (China)

A new method has been developed for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in pulping effluent using chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometry. Two calibration models were established by inducing UV-visible spectroscopy (model 1) and derivative spectroscopy (model 2), combined with the chemometrics software Smica-P. Correlation coefficients of the two models are 0.9954 (model 1) and 0.9963 (model 2) when COD of samples is in the range of 0 to 405 mg/L. Sensitivities of the two models are 0.0061 (model 1) and 0.0056 (model 2) and method detection limits are 2.02?C2.45 mg/L (model 1) and 2.13?C2.51 mg/L (model 2). Validation experiment showed that the average standard deviation of model 2 was 1.11 and that of model 1 was 1.54. Similarly, average relative error of model 2 (4.25%) was lower than model 1 (5.00%), which indicated that the predictability of model 2 was better than that of model 1. Chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometry method did not need chemical reagents and digestion which were required in the conventional methods, and the testing time of the new method was significantly shorter than the conventional ones. The proposed method can be used to measure COD in pulping effluent as an environmentally friendly approach with satisfactory results.     

氧瓶燃烧─离子色谱法测定植物叶片中硫

采用氧瓶燃烧处理植物样品，离子色谱法测定吸收液中ＳＯ_４~（２－）的方法来确定植物的含硫量，方法简便，分析周期短、重现性和回收率（９４．７％～１０９．２％）均令人满意。     

快速测试管法现场测定水中总余氯

余氯在水中极不稳定 ,需现场测定。通过研制一种测试管 ,从而能快速、简便地测水中的总余氯。常规法测定时间需要 3～ 5小时 ,而该测试管法仅需 1 0分钟。分析成本也大为降低