城市生活垃圾资源化存在的问题与对策探讨

对我国城市生活垃圾的构成及资源利用现状进行了介绍,分析了生活垃圾资源化存在的问题,探讨了资源化利用途径以及提高资源化利用水平的措施,提出了垃圾治理可持续发展的思路,为生活垃圾走资源化之路指明方向。     

城市生活垃圾资源化存在的问题与对策探讨

对我国城市生活垃圾的构成及资源利用现状进行了介绍,分析了生活垃圾资源化存在的问题,探讨了资源化利用途径以及提高资源化利用水平的措施,提出了垃圾治理可持续发展的思路,为生活垃圾走资源化之路指明方向。     

城市生活垃圾资源化利用途径的探讨

主要介绍了我国生活垃圾处理现状及存在的问题.根据城市垃圾处理技术发展趋势,探讨了我国城市垃圾资源化的发展方向,并提出了加快垃圾资源化的对策与措施.     

上海垃圾分类资源化利用的现状、问题与实践路径

“垃圾围城”现象已成为制约经济高质量发展的因素,推进垃圾分类是解决日益增加的环境压力的重要举措。在垃圾分类全过程中,如何分门别类进行资源化利用是下阶段工作的主阵地。上海作为先行先试的城市,在政府、企业、媒体和公民的协同共治下,垃圾分类实效显著,但资源化利用率仍有待进一步提高,出现垃圾分类主体内在驱动力不足、垃圾分类行为约束疲软、湿垃圾处置痛点突出、低价值可回收物资源化利用难点凸显等。针对此,本文以构建闭路循环为核心理念,提出细化分拣门类、提升市场化机制、强化垃圾资源化利用技术研发、夯实制度保障机制、加大宣传引导等对策建议,以期为其他城市提供经验借鉴与路径参考。     

垃圾分类收费推进我国城市垃圾分类收集的探讨

我国城市生活垃圾产生量逐渐增大,严重威胁人体健康及城市环境。分类收集是实现废弃物减量化、资源化、无害化的有效手段。我国城市生活垃圾分类收集状况不佳,大部分城市均为混合收集,给垃圾处理和城市环境带来了巨大压力。本文从国外发达国家城市生活垃圾分类收费促进生活垃圾分类收集的成功经验出发,提出几点推动我国垃圾分类的对策。     

我国城市垃圾处理政策,趋向及市场化分析

随着城市化进程的加快和城市人口比重的提高,我国城市垃圾产量迅速增长。城市垃圾已经成为我国环境污染的主要因素之一。如何采取可靠措施,从根本上实现我国城市垃圾减量化、无害化、资源化目标,做到化害为利、变废为宝是摆在我们面前的一项重要的战略任务。　　一、我国...     

城市生活垃圾处理的现状与管理研究

城市生活垃圾的处理与资源化是环保领域的一个难点,在管理上我国也缺乏相关的法律依据。本文介绍了城市生活垃圾处理的现状,同时针对构建我国城市生活垃圾管理体系提出了建议。     

城市垃圾资源化技术研究和亟待解决的问题

分析了垃圾成分及影响因素,着重介绍了垃圾资源化堆肥技术和其它资源化处理技术,提出了城市垃圾资源化亟待解决的几个问题。     

农村生活垃圾分类中的问题与对策——以江西“东阳经验”为例

<正>农村生活垃圾分类的“东阳经验”简易可行,在农村生活垃圾减量化、无害化和资源化利用上成效显著。推广“东阳经验”有助于推进农村生活垃圾治理工作,推进美丽乡村建设。随着我国经济的高速发展,城市与乡村的生活垃圾问题日益严峻,“垃圾围城”^[1]“垃圾围村”^[2]现象愈演愈烈,垃圾焚烧和填埋面临的困境凸显。     

我国城市生活垃圾处理的市场化对策探讨

本文通过对城市生活垃圾的产生、处理现状的分析,看到垃圾处理的严峻性和刻不容缓的态势,提出我国城市垃圾处理必须走市场化道路的对策。领先全民参与、人人动手解决垃圾污染问题,促进城市垃圾蛄量化、无害化、资源化进程。尽快稳步提高我国城市垃圾处理水平,实现我国城市处理的市场化、产业化。     

Euro-trash: searching Europe for a more sustainable approach to waste management

How an economically affordable, environmentally effective and socially acceptable municipal solid waste management system can be developed is currently unclear. Considerable research has been carried out on the practical aspects of municipal waste management (i.e. transport, treatment and disposal) and how citizens feel about source separation, recycling, incineration and landfill but the perspective of the waste manager within the context of long term planning is often ignored. In this study, waste managers from 11 different leading-edge European municipal solid waste programs in nine different countries were interviewed. The economic, social, political, environmental, legal and technical factors of their specific programs were explored and analyzed. The transition of municipal solid waste management to urban resources management was observed and key ‘system drivers’ for more sustainable waste management practices were identified. Programs visited were: Brescia (I), Copenhagen (DK), Hampshire (UK), Helsinki (FI), Lahn-Dill-Kreis (D), Malmö (SE), Pamplona (E), Prato (I), Saarbrücken (D), Vienna (A), and Zürich (CH).     

等离子气化技术在垃圾处理中的应用

等离子气化技术已经在国外成功应用多年,其用于解决日益增多的垃圾问题,可将废物转化成有用的资源。本文介绍了等离子气化技术的优点、经济性,以及其在垃圾处理中的应用。     

基于共词分析的城市生活垃圾治理公共政策变迁量化分析

以1979—2020年我国中央政府颁发的411份城市生活垃圾治理政策文本作为研究对象,运用共词与聚类分析方法研究了我国不同时期城市生活垃圾治理公共政策焦点的演变规律。结果发现:纵观我国城市生活垃圾治理公共政策焦点的演变轨迹,在"技术路线"、"垃圾属性"、"管理手段"、"治理结构"和"保障机制"方面发生了显著的政策主题变迁,呈现出垃圾治理朝更加绿色、更加经济方向发展的趋势。未来,应从监管体系、资源评估、财政补贴、空间布局4个方面保障生活垃圾零污染、高价值资源化治理。     

LEAST COST SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF EFFLUENT ABATEMENT IN URBAN SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: There is a significant misallocation of resources in the construction and operation of municipal sewage treatment systems in North America. Central to this misallocation is the inadequate evaluation of alternative treatment technologies, alternative distributions of responsibility for waste treatment, and alternative mechanisms for inducing compliance with treatment system requirements. Perverse incentives in the current institutional structure limit the scope of alternatives examined by decisionmakers. Determination of the least cost solution to the problem of urban effluent abatement requires mathematical modeling for the delineation of optimal treatment strategies on a system wide basis. The adoption of modern methods of systems analysis can identify significant opportunities for the reduction of economic waste in the treatment of municipal sewage.     

Development Potentials and Policy Options of Biomass in China

Biomass, one of the most important renewable energies, is playing and will continue to play an important role in the future energy structure of the world. This article aims to analyze the position and role, assess the resource availability, discuss the geographic distribution, market scale and industry development, and present the policy options of biomass in China. The resource availability and geographical distribution of biomass byproducts are assessed in terms of crop residues, manure, forest and wood biomass byproducts, municipal waste and wastewater. The position of biomass use for power generation is just next to hydropower among types of renewable energy in China. The potential quantity of all biomass byproducts energy in 2004 is 3511 Mtce (Mtce is the abbreviation of million tons of coal equivalents and 1 Mtce is equal to10⁶ tce.), while the acquirable quantity is 460 Mtce. Biomass energy plays a critical role in rural regions of China. The geographical distribution and quantity of biomass byproducts resources depends mainly on the relationship between ecological zones and climate conditions. Our estimation shows that the total quantity of crop residues, manure, forest and wood biomass byproducts, municipal waste and wastewater resources are 728, 3926, 2175, 155 and 48240 Mt (million tons), respectively. Crop residues come mainly from the provinces of Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Sichuan. All manure is mainly located in the provinces of Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Hunan. Forest and wood biomass byproducts are mainly produced in the provinces or autonomous regions of Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, while most of municipal waste mainly comes from Guangdong, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Hubei and Jiangsu. Most of wastewater is largely discharged from advanced provinces like Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and Henan. Biomass byproducts’ energy distribution also varies from province to province in China. Based on the analysis of the market scale and industry development, the article argues that China’s biomass energy industry is still at a very early stage of development and that Feed-in Tariffs (FIT) might be the best policy option for China to promote its development of biomass energy. A successful enforcement of FIT in China needs some policy combination of special capital subsidies, R&D funding, tax incentives and pricing.     

城市生活垃圾的堆肥研究

城市生活垃圾经动态式堆肥翻堆机处理制成腐熟堆肥，并最终试制成有机复混颗粒肥，二者先后在茶树、数种花卉作物和数种叶菜类蔬菜上进行田间试验，证明有较好的肥效，且成本较低廉，在农业生产上有实际应用的价值。从环境保护角度上看：这种方法是将城市生活垃圾转化为资源化、无害化的一项有意义的举措。     

我国生活垃圾无害化向减量化处理处置转换路径探析

对比发达国家与发展中国家生活垃圾减量化处理处置经验，本文运用制度分析、统计分析等手段探究我国即将经历的生活垃圾减量化处理处置阶段转换问题。研究发现：①以政府公共投资和无害化处理处置为主要特征的生活垃圾处理处置I阶段解决垃圾围城的方式行将结束，减量化程度逐渐提高和社会资本的进入是II阶段的主要表现形式。②从我国生活垃圾处理处置的发展脉络看，促使I阶段向II阶段转化的主导因素包括城市化速度的加快、国家供给侧结构性改革促使源头减量和公共财政投入向市场投入转化等。③考虑到我国各地生活垃圾处理处置和经济发展实际，应改变现有生活垃圾处理处置管理体系，确立企业的源头减量主体地位；提高生活垃圾分类回收比例，改善中端减量化效率；以无废城市建设为契机，推进生活垃圾全域减量；重塑经济与发展的联系，借助市场化力量推进资源与经济增长联系从数量关系向强价格关系转化。     

Composting and compost application in China

The current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge production (in terms of volume as well as composition) in China is introduced. Composting and compost application in China are reviewed. In China, the production of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge is changing rapidly along with economic development. Composting is mainly applied for treating MSW, about 20% of the total amount of MSW being disposed. MSW composting is mainly co-composted with night soil or sewage sludge. Compost is used in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. Compost application is the key factor influencing the composting development in China. To promote composting and compost application in China, a state-wide survey on the production, composition and physical and chemical properties of MSW and sewage sludge should be carried out. More effort should be made to develop low cost and high efficient composting technologies according to China's conditions. The environmental impact of compost application should also be given more attention.