预臭氧与生物活性炭工艺深度处理饮用水的研究

通过预臭氧和生物活性炭工艺对饮用水进行深度处理研究,结果证明:该工艺对CODMn、UV254、三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)、藻类和浊度的平均去除率分别为46.5%、46.5%、45.6%、91.2%和98%,最终出水浊度达到0.2NTU,CODMn≤3mg/L,提高了饮用水的安全性.     

强化混凝与活性炭联用处理赣江微污染水源水试验

采用强化混凝与活性炭联用技术对赣江微污染水源水处理进行试验研究。试验结果表明,强化混凝与活性炭联用较常规工艺能减小出水浊度,显著提高CODMn和UV254的去除率,并有效控制出水余铝含量。原水CODMn为4.10~4.25mg/L左右,UV254为0.2~0.3mg/L时,中试系统出水浊度降低了12%左右,出水CODMn和UV254分别为0.5~0.7mg/L和0.015~0.025mg/L,各自去除率较传统工艺分别提高了36%和40%左右。试验出水余铝浓度均<0.2mg/L,NH3-N去除率没有明显提高。     

压力强化混凝沉淀除藻工艺研究

为了强化蓝藻混凝沉淀去除效果,采用外加压力破坏藻细胞内气囊,使藻类失去浮力,再经混凝沉淀去除.通过静态实验测定了太湖蓝藻水在0～0.7 MPa预压力作用后混凝沉淀效果,并与预氧化混凝沉淀工艺进行了比较.结果表明,在预压力0.4～0.7 MPa作用下取得了较好的效果,沉淀出水浊度为1.04～0.69 NTU;叶绿素a浓度为2.9～0.8 μg·L-1,去除率为95.8％ ～98.8％;CODMn为3.8～2.9 mg·L-1,去除率为66.2％～ 74.1％;UV254值为0.0686 ～0.0646,去除率为23.7％ ～28.1％.预加压工艺比预氧化工艺节省混凝剂50％.动态实验表明,预压力混凝沉淀过滤出水浊度小于0.25 NTU;叶绿素a浓度小于lμg·L-1,平均去除率为99.5％;CODMn小于3.6 mg·L-1,平均去除率为70％;UV254值小于0.057,平均去除率为33.7％.过滤出水水质优于饮用水水质标准.     

超滤工艺净化微污染原水的试验研究

采用混凝沉淀-超滤工艺对微污染原水进行试验,对组合工艺的除污染特性进行了研究。结果表明,组合工艺对浊度、颗粒物和藻类的去除效果非常好。出水浊度稳定在0.1NTU以下,水中粒径>2μm的颗粒数约19个/mL,藻类平均数量约为2.2×104个/L。在去除有机物方面,组合工艺对高锰酸盐指数、UV254和DOC的去除率分别为38.0%、15.2%和32.6%,其中对高锰酸盐指数的去除效果较为突出,出水高锰酸盐指数浓度为2.69~2.87mg/L。组合工艺去除的有机物是分子量大于3KD的大分子有机物,对小分子有机物去除效果不明显。其中,混凝沉淀主要去除了水中的疏水性有机物和亲水荷电有机物,超滤膜去除的有机物则以亲水中性有机物为主。在工艺运行期间,超滤膜的跨膜压差增加了约12.3%,跨膜压差的升高主要由被超滤膜吸附的小分子有机物产生。     

混凝-吸附处理黄河水及对氯消毒中氯衰减的影响

选用2种无机高分子混凝剂聚合氯化铁(PFC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)处理黄河水,考察了混凝剂的投加量对浊度、UV254、DOC和高锰酸盐指数的去除效果,并结合混凝出水的Zeta电位分析其混凝机制.选择粉末活性炭与混凝联用,研究了混凝剂和吸附剂投加量以及二者的投加顺序对有机物去除效果的影响,并对混凝吸附后出水进行加氯消毒,考察水中残余氯随时间的变化.结果表明,2种混凝剂均有较高的浊度去除率(﹥90%).PAC对UV254、高锰酸盐指数和DOC的去除率分别为29.2%、26.1%和27.9%;PFC对三者的去除率分别为32.3%、23.3%和32.9%.PAC在混凝过程中,电中和作用占主导地位;PFC在混凝过程中,吸附架桥和电中和同时发挥作用.混凝-吸附联用处理黄河水样时,有机物的去除率随混凝剂和吸附剂投加量的增加而升高.先混凝后吸附工艺对UV254和DOC的去除效果优于先吸附后混凝工艺.先使用PAC混凝后吸附对UV254和DOC的去除率分别为95.2%和99.9%;对于PFC,先混凝后吸附对UV254和DOC的去除率分别为90.1%和99.9%.但是先投加粉末活性炭能提高矾花的沉降性能,且处理出水在保持持续消毒效果方面优于前者.     

MIEX预处理技术对长江原水中有机物的去除效能

利用烧杯试验研究了磁性离子交换树脂（magnetic ion exchange resin,MIEX）预处理对长江原水中有机物的去除效能,以总溶解有机碳(DOC)、254 nm紫外吸收值(UV254)、有机物相对分子质量分布、有机物分级、紫外扫描以及消毒副产物生成量等指标进行表征.结果表明,长江水源水中的有机物主要为小分子亲水性有机物,其含量占有机物总量的50%以上;MIEX预处理可以有效降低水中有机物的含量,投加量为10 mL/L、接触时间为15 min时,DOC的去除率超过35%,相对分子质量和分级的测定结果表明,小分子亲水性部分有机物的去除导致了DOC去除效果的改善;从紫外扫描结果可看出,MIEX预处理对在190～250 nm波长时有强吸收的有机物去除效果非常明显,但对在高于250 nm波长处有吸收的有机物去除效果与混凝阶段的效果相近.     

臭氧组合工艺冬季处理黄河水的研究

冬季条件下生物预处理、常规处理及深度处理组合工艺处理黄河水的研究结果表明,在原水水质较好的情况下,组合工艺对高锰酸钾指数、DOC、UV254、色度、浊度和氨氮的平均去除率分别为38.6%、40.1%、58.3%、60.5%、86.4%和74.8%。此外,组合工艺对总藻也有较高的去除率。组合工艺对磷有很好的去除效果,能把可溶性磷浓度控制在0.01mg/L以下。     

生物接触氧化预处理对强化后续常规工艺的试验研究

研究了生物接触氧化预处理对后续常规处理工艺(混凝、沉淀和砂滤)除污染作用的强化效果.试验结果表明生物接触预处理的后续沉淀池和砂滤池均有较好的除污染效果;常规处理工艺对CODMn、TOC(总有机碳)、UV254(254nm紫外吸收)和氨氮的平均去除率分别为33.63%、32.17%、33.66%和79.41%;当原水氨氮不超过5mg/L,可以控制最终出水的氨氮浓度在0.5mg/L以下;砂滤池的出水浊度平均值小于1NTU,适当的含氯水反冲洗对砂滤池的除污染效果没有明显的影响.生物接触预处理出水的溶解氧一般在5.46～8.0mg/L,可以保证后续工艺中微生物的正常生命代谢活动需要.     

混凝-PAC-超滤膜工艺处理微污染原水的试验研究

混凝、粉末活性炭(PAC)与超滤膜联用对微污染原水中的浊度、有机物等有很高的去除率.经过550 min的连续运行后,其组合工艺的出水浊度仍稳定在0.350 NTU,对UV254和TOC的去除率稳定在60%和40%.通过对膜过滤特性的研究可知,组合工艺中超滤膜过滤性能经过短暂的快速下降阶段后一直处于较稳定状态.膜污染由小分子有机物引起.     

活性炭滤池深度处理水中有机物

生物活性炭滤池能有效去除常规工艺出水中CODMn、UV254、三氯甲烷生成势和一溴二氯甲烷生成势,但在相同水力停留时间下,新鲜活性炭滤池对这些有机物去除效果更显著。生物活性炭滤池出水二溴一氯甲烷生成势升高,而新鲜活性炭滤池对二溴一氯甲烷生成势有时有一定的去除效果。     

强化混凝去除黄浦江水有机物的试验研究

强化混凝去除有机物的效果与水源的分子量分布特性有着密切的关系.由于黄浦江水中低分子量的溶解性有机物占多数,因此,强化混凝处理有机物效果有限.对于＜1k分子量区间的有机物.增加混凝剂投量可有效去除紫外吸光值(UV254),但去除溶解性有机碳(DOC)的效果很差.尽管增加混凝剂投量和降低pH都能有效地去除有机物,但决定强化混凝效果的主要因素是pH,去除黄浦江水有机物的最佳pH范围为6～5.     

颗粒状大孔阴树脂去除有机物以及缓解膜污染的效果与机制

采用颗粒状大孔阴树脂和混凝作为微滤膜的预处理,考察它们去除有机物以及缓解膜污染的效果和机制.结果表明,树脂可有效去除中等和小分子的有机物,但对大分子有机物的去除有限;混凝可有效去除大分子有机物,但对中等和小分子有机物的去除有限.仅采用树脂作为预处理,虽然去除有机物效果较好,但缓解膜污染的作用有限;而混凝与树脂联用,不仅有效去除有机物,而且也有效缓解膜污染.     

Comparison of different combined treatment processes to address the source water with high concentration of natural organic matter during snowmelt period

The source water in one forest region of the Northeast China had very high natural organic matter(NOM) concentration and heavy color during snowmelt period. The efficiency of five combined treatment processes was compared to address the high concentration of NOM and the mechanisms were also analyzed. Conventional treatment can hardly remove dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the source water. KMn O4pre-oxidization could improve the DOC removal to 22.0%. Post activated carbon adsorption improved the DOC removal of conventional treatment to 28.8%. The non-sufficient NOM removal could be attributed to the dominance of large molecular weight organic matters in raw water, which cannot be adsorbed by the micropore upon activated carbon. O3+ activated carbon treatment are another available technology for eliminating the color and UV254 in water. However, its performance of DOC removal was only 36.4%, which could not satisfy the requirement for organic matter. The limited ozone dosage is not sufficient to mineralize the high concentration of NOM. Magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment could remove 96.2%of color, 96.0% of UV254 and 87.1% of DOC, enabling effluents to meet the drinking water quality standard. The high removal efficiency could be explained by the negative charge on the surface of NOM which benefits the static adsorption of NOM on the anion exchange resin. The results indicated that magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment is the best available technology to remove high concentration of NOM.     

MIEX树脂去除水源UV254研究

MIEX树脂可以有效去除水源中的UV254,UV254去除率与树脂的投加量和水源水质有关,新树脂的投加量大于10ml／L时,UV254的去除率为56％-83％。树脂在连续运行103次的过程中,仍然没有明显的UV254饱和穿透现象,树脂投加量5ml／L（20600BV）,UV254去除率为45％～25％;树脂投加量15ml／L（6768BV）,UV254的去除率为62％～40％。该树脂单位单次的最大UV254吸附量约为0．003cm^-1（UV254）／ml（树脂）·次。     

MIEX中试实验对二级出水中有机物去除的3DEEM解析

利用三维荧光光谱研究了磁性离子交换树脂（magnetic ion exchange resin,MIEX）对污水厂二级出水中有机物的去除特征.结果表明,磁性树脂处理二级出水过程中,两级反应过程和进水流量对DOC和UV254有较显著的去除效果,去除率分别达到25.5%～53.5%和27.6%～52.2%,其中50 L.h-1流量条件下,出水中DOC和UV254浓度分别为3.29 mg.L-1和0.057cm-1.水中芳香族蛋白质或酚类物质和类腐殖酸物质荧光强度较高,磁性树脂使二级出水中色氨酸类芳香族蛋白质、芳香族蛋白质、腐殖酸类荧光强度分别下降38.2%、85.8%和85.7%,腐殖酸和富里酸峰消失,并露出溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光峰.不同进水流量条件下,色氨酸类芳香族蛋白质荧光强度下降率和芳香族蛋白质或酚类物质荧光强度下降率与进水流量的负相关性最好,50～100 L.h-1流量条件对各类荧光物质的去除率影响最大.磁性树脂与二级出水中色氨酸类芳香族蛋白质和芳香族蛋白质或酚类物质有更好的线性置换关系（R2=0.834 8）,磁性树脂对二级出水中芳香族蛋白质或酚类物质的置换作用则最显著（a=850.2）.     

MIEX~预处理对水源水中藻源DON的去除效能及机理

利用小试试验研究了磁性离子交换树脂预处理(MIEX~)对高藻水源水中的溶解性有机氮(DON)的去除效能,并通过分子量分布测定、双向电泳等手段初步分析了其作用机理.结果表明,MIEX~预处理对DON具有较好地去除效果,并可有效强化混凝工艺的处理效能.投加量为15m L/L时,MIEX~预处理可提升DON去除率20%;以铜绿微囊藻为主要种属的高藻水源水中藻类蛋白种类不低于230种,且大多数处于酸性端,分子量区间主要分布于15~40Ku、65~75Ku,处于MIEX~预处理可去除的分子量区间,从而具有较好的去除效果.综上所述,MIEX~预处理可以作为强化去除高藻水源水中DON的一种方法.     

Dissolved organic matter removal using magnetic anion exchange resin treatment on biological effluent of textile dyeing wastewater

This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic matter（DOM） from real dyeing bio-treatment effluents（DBEs） with the use of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin（NDMP）.DOMs in two typical DBEs were fractionized using DAX-8/XAD-4 resin and ultrafiltration membranes. The hydrophilic fractions and the low molecular weight（MW）（〈3 kDa） DOM fractions constituted a major portion（〉50%） of DOMs for the two effluents. The hydrophilic and low MW fractions of both effluents were the greatest contributors of specific UV254absorbance（SUVA254）,and the SUVA254 of DOM fractions decreased with hydrophobicity and MW. Two DBEs exhibited acute and chronic biotoxicities. Both acute and chronic toxicities of DOM fractions increased linearly with the increase of SUVA254 value. Kinetics of dissolved organic carbon（DOC） removal via NDMP treatment was performed by comparing it with that of particle active carbon（PAC）. Results indicated that the removal of DOC from DBEs via NDMP was 60%,whereas DOC removals by PAC were lower than 15%. Acidic organics could be significantly removed with the use of NDMP. DOM with large MW in DBE could be removed significantly by using the same means. Removal efficiency of NDMP for DOM decreased with the decrease of MW. Compared with PAC,NDMP could significantly reduce the acute and chronic bio-toxicities of DBEs. NaCl/NaOH mixture regenerants,with selected concentrations of 10% NaCl（m/m）/1%NaOH（m/m）,could improve desorption efficiency.     

Comparison of different combined treatment processes to address the source water with high concentration of natural organic matter during snowmelt period

The source water in one forest region of the Northeast China had very high natural organic matter (NOM) concentration and heavy color during snowmelt period. The efficiency of five combined treatment processes was compared to address the high concentration of NOM and the mechanisms were also analyzed. Conventional treatment can hardly remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the source water. KMnO₄ pre-oxidization could improve the DOC removal to 22.0%. Post activated carbon adsorption improved the DOC removal of conventional treatment to 28.8%. The non-sufficient NOM removal could be attributed to the dominance of large molecular weight organic matters in raw water, which cannot be adsorbed by the micropore upon activated carbon. O₃ + activated carbon treatment are another available technology for eliminating the color and UV₂₅₄ in water. However, its performance of DOC removal was only 36.4%, which could not satisfy the requirement for organicmatter. The limited ozone dosage is not sufficient to mineralize the high concentration of NOM. Magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment could remove 96.2% of color, 96.0% of UV₂₅₄ and 87.1% of DOC, enabling effluents to meet the drinking water quality standard. The high removal efficiency could be explained by the negative charge on the surface of NOM which benefits the static adsorption of NOM on the anion exchange resin. The results indicated that magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment is the best available technology to remove high concentration of NOM.