氧化亚铁硫杆菌基因转移系统研究进展

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a extremely acidophilic and obligately chemlithotrophic bacterium. It is the most important work for gene engineering of T.ferrooxidans to develop an efficient gene transfer systems. This paper summarized the genetics background of T.ferrooxidans, the process of establishing such a kind of gene transfer system, and its application in constructing arsenic resistance genetically engineered bacteria. Ref 22     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出废旧锂离子电池的工艺条件

考察了接种量、振荡条件、浸出液以及电池原料对氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出废旧锂离子电池的影响.研究结果表明,浸出10 d,钴浸出率达到48.5%,之后,浸出率不再增加;当接种量在2.5%—12.5%之间时,钴浸出率在第10天都为47.6%,接种量对浸出率无影响;振荡过程中控制温度为35℃时,钴浸出率最佳,并随着振荡速率的升高而增加;浸出液中加入硫磺对浸出影响不大,初始pH值在1.5—2.5范围内,都适合钴酸锂的浸出,而初始亚铁离子浓度在45 g.L-1条件下浸出效果最好;选择固液比为3%最佳,并且钴酸锂粉末的粒度大小对浸出率无影响.     

生物氧化再生脱硫液的影响因素研究

化学-生物法脱硫中使用的脱硫液一般采用生物法氧化再生.探讨了pH、初始Fe3 浓度、硫磺、硫酸钠浓度等因素对生物氧化再生Fe3 的影响.结果表明,生物氧化再生脱硫液的最适初始pH为1.8;Fe3 对细菌生长有抑制作用,初始浓度低于1.5gL-1时对细菌抑制作用较小;硫磺的存在对Fe2 的生物氧化有很大的影响,当硫磺浓度低于2gL-1时,对细菌的影响较小;硫酸钠浓度低于15gL-1时,对生物氧化Fe2 几乎没有影响,通过驯化后,细菌可以耐受更高的硫酸钠浓度.图4表3参10     

抗砷载体的构建及在氧化亚铁硫杆菌中的表达

利用ＤＮＡ体外重组技术，将抗砷质粒ｐＵＭ３经ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切后得到的４．３ｋｂ抗砷片段克隆到有广泛寄主的ＩｎｃＱ质粒ｐＪＲＤ２１５的ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点上，构建了一个新的抗砷质粒ｐＳＤＸ３。砷抗性研究表明，在大肠杆菌中，ｐＳＤＸ３的抗砷水平与ｐＵＭ３相近。将ｐＳＤＸ３通过接合的方式引入氧化亚铁硫杆菌Ｔｆ－５９中并得到了表达，与对照相比，含质粒ｐＳＤＸ３的Ｔｆ－５９抗砷水平有了很大的提高。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌基因转移系统研究进展[综述]

氧化亚铁硫杆菌 (Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｆｅｒｒｏｏｘｉｄａｎｓ)是极端嗜酸性的专性自养细菌 ,广泛分布于硫化矿床、酸性矿水及土壤中 ,最适生长ｐＨ 2 .0～ 2 .5 .氧化亚铁硫杆菌很早就被广泛应用于有用金属的浸出 ,特别适合于从低品位的矿石中浸出和回收稀有贵重金属 .这种方法具有低成本、低能耗、无污染等特点 ,因而在能源日益紧缺的今天 ,受到人们越来越多的关注 .目前许多国家已经成功地利用细菌浸出液技术开采多种金属 ,如铜、铀、金、钴、镍、锌和铅等 .其主要作用原理是通过氧化ＦｅＳＯ4 或ＦｅＳ2 产生Ｆｅ3 氧化剂 ,氧化…     

利用氧化亚铁硫杆菌抗砷工程菌Tf—59（pSDX3）处理含砷金精矿

利用构建的氧化亚铁硫杆菌抗砷工程菌对含砷金精矿进行了有关试验，结果表明：含有抗砷质粒的氧化亚铁硫杆菌Ｔｆ－５９（ｐＳＤＸ３）的生长和产酸能力不低于对照菌Ｔｆ－５９加入硫酸亚铁和提高接种量可明显缩短生长延迟期，并加快脱砷速度；可将矿浆浓度从２０％提高到３０％，抗胂试验显示，当ｃ（ＮａＡｓＯ２）达到８０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，Ｔｆ－５９的生长受到严重预制，而对Ｔｆ－５９（ｐＳＤＸ３）的生长影响较少，说明Ｔｆ＝     

一株高浸磷嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌的分离与鉴定

从矿山土样中分离到一株嗜酸的浸磷矿细菌HY-01,观察其形态并研究其培养特征.结果显示,该菌株为革兰氏阴性、短杆状运动细菌,菌体长1～2μm,宽0.5～0.7 μm,能在pH 1.5～8.0的范围内生长,最适生长温度为37℃,最适pH为1.5～3.0.该菌株可以KNO3、NH4NO3、(NH4)2CO3、NH4H2PO...     

硫杆菌的分离鉴定及其对煤矿废弃物的氧化脱硫特性

从宁夏大武口高硫煤矸石山的酸性废水中分离得到一株自养硫氧化细菌CMTF-32．该菌极端耐酸，能氧化低价态硫化物，氧化单质硫的能力强，在d11时单质硫的氧化率达到65．6％，日产硫酸能力最高时能达3．0g／L．培养基pH值在培养过程中明显下降．16S rDNA序列分析表明，该菌株与Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans相似性为99％，结合形态、生理生化实验结果，确定菌株CMTF-32为嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌．煤矸石的脱硫实验表明，在煤矸石粒径小于2mm，初始pH为1．5，30℃培养条件下脱硫效果最佳，d14时脱硫量为2．72g／L，脱硫率可达到84．5％，使煤矸石的硫污染得到了有效的控制．图5表1参13     

煤炭生物脱硫正交实验研究

通过对取自城门山,杨桃坞,德兴和云南的嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)的生理活性的研究比较,选取了氧化活性较好的德兴菌种做正交试验.应用正交试验的方法研究了浸出时间,煤浆质量分数,pH值和接种量这4个因素的组合作用对煤炭生物脱硫效果的影响.对试验结果进行极差分析和方差分析,结果表明各因素对脱硫效果的影响有很大差异.在所研究因素的水平范围内,浸出时间对煤脱硫效率的影响最为显著,影响率达到74.21%;pH值对煤脱硫效率的影响也很显著,影响率为16.80%;接种量对煤脱硫效率的影响较为显著的,其影响率仅为5.27%;煤浆质量分数对脱硫效率的影响率最低,仅为1.78%.通过对正交试验的实验结果的直接观察,极差分析和方差分析,获得了三个可能的最优方案.其中通过实验结果直接观察得到的最优方案的脱硫率可达63.80%.     

一株踝节霉菌的培养特性及其在污泥生物淋滤中的应用

于实验室嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)淋滤处理城市污泥酸性废液中分离出一株踝节霉菌ZJ-1,并对其进行了摇瓶液体培养特性研究.单因素试验结果表明:该菌株的最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和酵母膏,最适温度为28℃,最适转速为140 r/min,最适初始pH值为5.0.正交试验优化得到碳、氮源的最优水平分别为葡萄糖70 g/L,酵母膏15 g/L.采用HPLC对该菌株PDA培养液中的有机酸进行了分析,发现其中含有丙酮酸.初始PDA培养液中丙酮酸含量为0.039 g/L,接菌培养d 5.5时其含量达0.106 g/L.为探讨踝节霉菌ZJ-1对嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌淋滤污泥过程的影响,在生物淋滤起始阶段接种10%A.ferrooxidans和4%踝节霉菌ZJ-1,以仅接种10%A.ferrooxidans作为对照.结果表明A.ferrooxidans和踝节霉菌ZJ-1的复合菌组与对照组相比,淋滤耗时由7 d缩短至4 d,淋滤处理时间缩短了43%.     

Bioleaching of cadmium and nickel from synthetic sediments by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The microbial leaching process was evaluated for the treatment of synthetic sediments contaminated with cadmium and nickel sulfides. A series of batch leaching experiments was conducted to compare metal solubilization in sediment inoculated with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans -inoculated sediments to that in sterile control sediment. The rate and extent of metal solubilization were significantly higher in A. ferrooxidans -inoculated reactors than in acidified sterile reactors. The efficiency of cadmium (Cd) solubilization (80) in the bioleaching process was higher than that of nickel (Ni) solubilization (60). The performance of leaching reactors containing only culture supernatants was comparable to that of A. ferrooxidans -inoculated reactors, indicating that indirect non-contact leaching by the products of microbial metabolism is the predominant mechanism for metal solubilization rather than direct microbial sulfide oxidation. Moreover, the similar (60–75%) extents of Cd²⁺ leaching with A. ferrooxidans , cell-free filtrate, and Fe³⁺ suggest that abiotic oxidation of CdS by Fe³⁺ controls the overall leaching rate, and the role of A.␣ferrooxidans is most likely not to oxidize CdS mineral directly but to regenerate Fe³⁺ as an oxidant.     

The role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans in arsenic bioleaching from soil

Bioleaching of As from the soil in an abandoned Ag–Au mine was carried out using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. A. ferrooxidans is an iron oxidizer and A. thiooxidans is a sulfur oxidizer. These two microbes are acidophilic and chemoautotrophic microbes. Soil samples were collected from the Myoungbong and Songcheon mines. The main contaminant of the soil was As, with an average concentration of 4,624 mg/kg at Myoungbong and 5,590 mg/kg at Songcheon. A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans generated lower pH conditions during their metabolism process. The bioleaching of As from soil has a higher removal efficiency than chemical leaching. A. ferrooxidans could remove 70 % of the As from the Myoungbong and Songcheon soils; however, A. thiooxidans extracted only 40 % of the As from the Myoungbong soil. This study shows that bioleaching is an effective process for As removal from soil.     

Enhanced bioleaching of copper from circuit boards of computer waste by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Computer circuit boards are a major electronic waste containing higher concentrations of copper, gold and silver. These metals may be recovered by bioleaching, an...     

Removal of arsenic by Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria in bench scale fixed-bed bioreactor system

In the present study arsenic contaminated simulated water and groundwater was treated by the combination of biological oxidation of tri-valent arsenite [As (III)] to penta-valent arsenate [As (V)] in presence of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and its removal by adsorptive filtration in a bioreactor system. This method includes the immobilisation of A.ferrooxidans on Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) capable of oxidising ferrous [Fe (II)] to ferric [Fe (III)]. The Fe (III) significantly converts the As (III) to As (V) and ultimately removed greater than 95% by the bed of GAC, limestone, and sand. The significant influence of Fe (II) concentration (0.1–1.5?gL^?1), flowrate (0.06–0.18?Lh^?1), and initial As (III) concentration (100–1000?µgL^?1) on the arsenic removal efficiency was investigated. The simulated water sample containing the different concentration of As (III) and other ions was used in the study. The removal of other co-existing ions present in contaminated water was also investigated in column study. The concentration of arsenic was found to be <10?µgL^?1 which is below Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) as per WHO in treated water. The results confirmed that the present system including adsorptive-filtration was successfully used for the treatment of contaminated water containing As (III) ions.     

The effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</Emphasis> on the leaching of cobalt and strontium adsorbed onto soil particles

Bioleaching from soil artificially contaminated with analogues of radionuclides, Co and Sr, was carried out using a Fe-oxidizing bacterium, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Due to bacterial metabolism, the pH and dissolved Fe³⁺ concentration in a biotic slurry decreased and increased respectively, over time, but the concentrations of Co and Sr extracted from the soil showed no significant enhancement compared with those under abiotic control. In both cases, Co and Sr were leached from the soil during the initial period of the experiment, due to the initially low solution pH of 2.0, and the dissolved concentrations remained almost constant for the duration of the experiment (300 h). Since oxidation of Fe²⁺ by A. ferrooxidans led to the production of Fe precipitates and colloidal suspensions, the Co and Sr extracted into solution were most likely re-adsorbed onto the Fe solids. Also, A. ferrooxidans, without an external supply of Fe²⁺, extracted almost equal or greater amounts of Co and Sr from the soil than when Fe²⁺ was supplied. Under the same leaching conditions, the extent of Sr removal was much lower than that of Co. On the contrary to the high efficiency of microbial metal leaching in biohydrometallurgy for low-graded sulfide ores, which has been widely documented, conventional bioleaching techniques with A. ferrooxidans supplied with enough Fe²⁺ showed low efficiency for the removal of radionuclides loosely bound onto soil particle surfaces.     

煤热解过程中含硫气体的释放特征

利用热解炉-高分辨飞行时间质谱联用仪和热解炉-同步辐射光电离飞行时间质谱仪检测不同含硫量的煤IBC105和C22650在热解过程中释放的8种含硫气体,并对这8种含硫气体的释放规律进行了分析.实验结果表明,在200℃—400℃的热解区间内含硫气体释放相对较多,表明硫元素大部分是以有机态的形式在煤中赋存,而且芳香硫相对于脂肪硫含量较多;同时含硫量较高的煤IBC105中噻吩硫的热解释放量,较煤C22650多;由于煤中芳香性有机物的裂解多以苄基的形式出现,因此在两种煤中二苄基硫醚释放量都较噻吩或者苯并噻吩多.     

粉煤灰活性炭处理含铜废水的性能

为了研究粉煤灰活性炭的吸附性能,以原粉煤灰和纯活性炭作对照,比较3种吸附剂在不同时间、pH和投加量下处理含Cu(Ⅱ)废水的性能.结果表明,在pH 5,吸附时间60 min的条件下,纯活性炭、粉煤灰活性炭和粉煤灰对含Cu(Ⅱ)废水的去除率依次为100%、97%和78.7%,粉煤灰活性炭吸附性能接近纯活性炭.Cu饱和的粉煤灰活性炭,用0.2 mol.L-1浓度的HCl清洗解吸效果最好.在饱和吸附和解吸重复10次后,再生粉煤灰活性炭的吸附容量下降20%,接近活性炭的18%,充分说明粉煤灰活性炭有较好的可再生性.粉煤灰制成粉煤灰活性炭,用于含金属废水的治理,不仅效果好、成本低,还是粉煤灰资源化的重要途径,有广阔的应用前景.