为什么要发展生态农业?

<正>现在的农业生产中过度使用化肥、农药,造成土地板结,野生动物减少,不能维持土地资源的可持续利用。发展生态农业,是降低能耗、保护环境、实现农业可持续发展的有力措施,生态农业遵循自然规律和经济规律,运用传统农业种植经验,在农业生产中尽量利用自然过程,以最少的投入尽可能多的产出,并能使自然资源得到正常的更新,保持良好的生态环境。     

新疆沙湾县生态农业建设与绿洲农业可持续发展探讨

新疆沙湾县国家级生态农业试点县建设实践证明,建立县级生态农业试点示范区,给新疆绿洲农业可持续发展积累了很好的发展模式和技术措施,是大力发展生态农业,促进农业生产良性循环,做好绿洲农业生态环境保护,合理利用绿洲农业资源,实现新疆绿洲农业可持续发展的最基本和必由之路。     

河北省发展生态农业的模式探讨

发展生态农业是改善农业生态环境、实现农业可持续发展的有效途径。本文根据河北省农业和农村经济的发展水平、农业资源以及环境状况,提出了一些适宜河北省发展的生态农业模式。     

河南省农业自然资源可持续利用途径

农业的持续发展依赖于农业自然资源的可持续利用。根据可持续发展思想,通过分析河南省农业自然资源的现状和资源利用中存在的主要问题,作者提出了实现该省农业自然资源可持续利用的途径。     

怀化农业可持续发展面临的问题

农业可持续发展在很大程度上依赖于农业自然资源的可持续利用。利用系统分析法讨论了怀化实施农业可持续发展战略面临的一系列问题，包括观念落后、自然资源利用率低、浪费严重、农业生态环境恶化和自然灾害频繁等，提出了可行的对策，指出农业可持续发展应从自然、经济和社会再生产过程中消除影响农业可持续发展的不利因素，积极发展中国的生态农业。     

南充市农地资源可持续利用探讨

农地资源的可持续利用是实现农业可持续发展的基础.在分析南充市农地资源特点的基础上,阐述了农地利用中存在的主要问题,并就合理利用农地提出了农地资源可持续利用的主要原则、对策与措施.     

农村能源生态工程技术在社会主义新农村建设中的应用

以沼气建设为纽带的农村能源生态工程建设,是生态农业建设的重要内容,也是促进农业可持续发展、构建社会主义新农村建设的客观需要。它把＂一池三改＂、＂四位一体＂等农村能源技术与发展庭院经济、无公害农产品生产有机结合,实现农产品无公害化生产,改善农村村容村貌和农民生活环境,控制农业面源污染,增加农民收入,促进了循环经济应用和农业可持续发展。     

三峡库区不同地域类型高效生态农业发展模式

三峡库区地貌类型复杂多样,自然生态环境十分脆弱,农村经济社会发展滞后,“三农”问题突出,要加快库区经济社会的发展,改善库区生态环境,实现库区农业可持续发展,必须走高效生态农业发展之路。在分析三峡库区发展高效生态农业的重要性和紧迫性的基础上,针对不同海拔高度地区提出了6种不同类型的高效生态农业发展模式,并探讨了6种高效生态农业发展模式的具体内容及相应的对策与措施。     

合肥市城郊农业生态系统服务价值评价研究

合肥市是安徽省的省会,生态农业资源十分丰富。对合肥市城郊农业生态系统服务功能价值进行了定量评价,针对合肥市城郊农业生态系统现状,提出了可持续发展对策。     

论农业循环经济与可持续发展的关联性

循环经济是符合可持续发展理念的经济增长模式,农业循环经济是农业可持续发展的必然选择,发展农业循环经济适应我国农业生产可持续发展的需要,是我国实现农业可持续发展的最佳途径。循环经济是一种以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心,以"减量化、再利用、资源化"为原则,以低消耗、低排放、高效率为基本特征,按照自然生态系统物     

秦皇岛市农业可持续发展研究

本文首先分析了可持续农业的基本理论,然后对秦皇岛市农业可持续发展面临的主要问题进行了较为深入的分析,在此基础上提出了秦皇岛市农业可持续发展的主要措施。     

Analytical conceptual plan to reforest central Himalaya for sustainable development

The Central Himalayan region is suffering from severe ecological problems as a consequence of deforestation and that threatens the subsistence population of the region. We analyze this problem and propose a plan for ecologically sustainable development for the region based on an analysis of the interrelationships of various ecosystems, particularly cropland and forest ecosystems, around which most human activities are concentrated. Each energy unit of agronomic yield leads to expenditure of about 12 energy units of forest/grazing land energy. Because with rapidly declining forest area, this form of agriculture is no longer sustainable and cannot be converted into a fossil fuel-based agriculture, we propose that agriculture in the mountain region has to be largely replaced with farm forests to revitalize the environment and to generate the basic needs of the subsistence economy of the hill population whose food grain needs can be met from the plains. We conclude by describing the advantages that are likely to accrue to the people for their long-term future. In terms of both energy and money, the value of resources collected from the forest to support agriculture in the present systems far exceeds the value of food grain that would be required to enable the proposed farm forest-based systems to function. At regional level, the proposed system would generate more energy than the existing systems, not only because the productivity of forest is about tenfold greater than that of cropland, but also because the proposed plan promotes recovery of various ecosystems.     

Agroecology in the tropics: Achieving a balance between land use and preservation

Agroecology is the application of ecological concepts and principles to the design and management of sustainable agricultural systems. An agroecological approach to agriculture has special importance in the humid tropics where agricultural development and the preservation of tropical forests are most often in direct conflict. It is proposed that a more sustainable approach to development is needed, where agroecosystems depend on low external inputs, function more on the use of locally available and renewable resources, have benign impacts on the environment, and are based on the knowledge and culture of the local inhabitants. Examples of traditional agroecosystem management in Mesoamerica that can provide this basis are presented. The preservation of both biological and cultural diversity are integral to the long-term sustainable management of natural resources in the tropics.     

Environmentally sound management of freshwater resources

The principles and basic activities of environmentally sound management of freshwater resources and a cost effectiveness methodology, including the criteria of sound management needed to implement it, are outlined. This management is regarded as a means of integrating environmental concerns with the management of the water resources and it assists the implementation of sometimes conflicting objectives of socioeconomic and ecological development. It promotes sustainable development in river basins.     

生态文明视域下河北沿海地区湿地农业发展转型研究

基于生态文明建设视域,分析了河北沿海地区湿地农业发展现状,指出目前存在天然湿地面积逐年减少、抵御自然灾害能力降低、水资源及环境条件恶化、湿地功能发挥受到限制等主要问题,阐释了湿地农业发展转型的必要性,提出实现湿地农业持续发展,必须推动其增长方式向依靠科学技术和科学管理转型,生产方式向依靠基础设施和技术装备转型,经营方式向适度规模经营转型,农产品向多品种、高品质转型,发展方式向多次产业融合转型。     

FORUM: Is Ecotourism Sustainable?

/ It is legitimate to ask whether and in what form tourism might contribute to sustainable development. This is not the same as sustainable tourism which, as a single-sector approach to development, may overlook important linkages with other sectors. If tourism is to contribute to sustainable development, then it must be economically viable, ecologically sensitive and culturally appropriate. Ecotourism is often advocated as being a sustainable form of tourism but imprecision in terminology clouds basic issues and there are strong economic, ecological, and cultural reasons for believing that, even in its purest forms, ecotourism is likely to present substantial challenges to destination areas, particularly if it competes for scarce resources and displaces existing uses and users. Sustainable tourism and ecotourism are not synonyms, many forms of ecotourism may not be sustainable, and if ecotourism is to contribute to sustainable development, then careful planning and management will be required.KEY WORDS: Ecotourism; Sustainable development; Development; Tourism     

Review and challenges of policies of environmental protection and sustainable development in China

China is confronted with the dual task of developing its national economy and protecting its ecological environment. Since the 1980s, China's policies on environmental protection and sustainable development have experienced five changes: (1) progression from the adoption of environmental protection as a basic state policy to the adoption of sustainable development strategy; (2) changing focus from pollution control to ecological conservation equally; (3) shifting from end-of-pipe treatment to source control; (4) moving from point source treatment to regional environmental governance; and (5) a turn away from administrative management-based approaches and towards a legal means and economic instruments-based approach. Since 1992, China has set down sustainable development as a basic national strategy. However, environmental pollution and ecological degradation in China have continued to be serious problems and have inflicted great damage on the economy and quality of life. The beginning of the 21st century is a critical juncture for China's efforts towards sustaining rapid economic development, intensifying environmental protection efforts, and curbing ecological degradation. As the largest developing country, China's policies on environmental protection and sustainable development will be of primary importance not only for China, but also the world. Realizing a completely well-off society by the year 2020 is seen as a crucial task by the Chinese government and an important goal for China's economic development in the new century, however, attaining it would require a four-fold increase over China's year 2000 GDP. Therefore, speeding up economic development is a major mission during the next two decades and doing so will bring great challenges in controlling depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution. By taking a critical look at the development of Chinese environmental policy, we try to determine how best to coordinate the relationship between the environment and the economy in order to improve quality of life and the sustainability of China's resources and environment. Examples of important measures include: adjustment of economic structure, reform of energy policy, development of environmental industry, pollution prevention and ecological conservation, capacity building, and international cooperation and public participation.     

农业自然资源综合管理立法与农业可持续发展

本文通过对持续农业的法律内涵、农业自然资源的普遍特征及中国资源立法现状分析,建议制定农业自然资源综合管理法规,以确保农业自然资源的合理利用和有效管理,推动农业的持续发展