Persistent organic pollutants in environment of the Pearl River Delta,China: an overview

In the Pearl River Delta of China, the rapidly developing industrial and agricultural activities, municipal development and use of chemicals caused serious environmental problems. This report summarizes the published scientific data on POPs in the environment of the Pearl River Delta, including the levels of POPs in the air, water, soil, river and estuarine sediments, the marine organisms like fish and shellfish in this region. The data preliminarily reveal the state of contamination in this region and give insight into the fate of POPs in this sub-tropical area. However, most research in this area is limited to a few kinds of POP compounds.     

230Th/232Th activity ratios as a chronological marker complementing 210Pb dating in an estuarine system affected by industrial releases

The main purpose of this research is to show the usefulness of the 230Th/232Th activity ratios as a chronological marker that can be helpful in the dating of sediment cores collected from an estuarine system located in the south west of Spain highly polluted by wastes from fertilizer plants. These wastes, being released for 30 years, and enriched in radionuclides from the uranium series including 210Pb, invalidate the application of the 210Pb dating technique in full extent to the sediment cores collected in this estuary. However, the evaluation and the interpretation of both 210Pb and 230Th/232Th profiles allows the determination of average sedimentation rates in different parts of the cores, contaminated and noncontaminated zone, that agree in the case analysed in this research. Through this approach, a confident chronology covering the last century, which is essential to analyse and reconstruct the historical evolution of other pollutants in this heavily contaminated system can be established.     

沭阳县水环境安全管理与污染防治对策探讨

在简要介绍沭阳县水环境概况后,着重分析了该县的水污染现状和主要的水环境问题,并针对性地提出了一些水环境安全管理和污染防治的建议,建立淮河流域水环境安全协调机制和沭阳水环境保护机制,完善水质监测,加强工业、农业和生活污染的防治,建立清污分流系统,并加强宣传教育等项工作.     

Indoor metallic pollution related to mining activity in the Bolivian Altiplano

The environmental pollution associated with mining and metallurgical activities reaches its greatest extent in several Andean cities and villages. Many locations in this area have accumulated through centuries a large amount of mining wastes, often disregarding the magnitude of this situation. However, in these naturally mineralized regions, there is little information available stating the exact role of mining and metallurgical industries in urban pollution. In this study, we demonstrated that the various metallic elements present in indoor dust (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn) had a common origin and this contamination was increased by the proximity to the mines. Lead dust concentration was found at concerning levels for public health. In addition, wrong behaviors such as carrying mining workwear home contributed to this indoor dust pollution. Consequently, the constant exposure of the population could represent a potential health hazard for vulnerable groups, especially children.     

Speciation and mobility of cadmium in straw and wood combustion fly ash

Two fly ashes from biomass combustion have been analysed regarding cadmium speciation and mobility. A fly ash from straw combustion contained 10 mg Cd/kg dry matter, and around 50% of the cadmium was leachable in water. The possible main speciation of cadmium in this fly ash was CdCl2. When adding this fly ash to agricultural soil a threat for groundwater contamination and plant uptake is existing. A fly ash from wood chip combustion had 28.6 mg Cd/kg dry matter. In this fly ash, the cadmium was bound more heavily, with only small amounts of cadmium leached in mild extractants. A possible speciation of cadmium in this fly ash was as oxide or as CdSiO3. Long-term effects and accumulation of cadmium could be a problem when adding this fly ash to agricultural or forest soils.     

Maintenance and Operation Problems of Electrostatic Precipitators

A general background is offered to the potential sources and solutions of maintenance difficulties Involved with the electrostatic precipitator. The purpose of the discussion is not only to show the Inherent complexity of the situation, but to stress areas of problem identification and activity for the user of this equipment. The information contained in this paper should provide an overall base for the details covered in the subsequent papers of this conference.     

连云港地区近地面臭氧浓度月均浓度变化特征

利用2014—2018年连云港地区的监测资料,分析了O3的月变化特征,得出O3与NO2、CO呈负相关关系,并给出了相对合理的解释。     

Ecochemical assessment of environmental chemicals: Draft guideline of the test procedure to evaluate metabolism and degradationof chemicals by plant cell cultures

A guideline is drafted describing the screening procedure in detail. The aim for this is to facilitate an adoption of this test by bodies supervising environmental chemicals. Successful introduction of this method into the respective laboratories will cause no problems, as the procedure has been collaboratively established and improved.     

Some Factors in Minimizing Precipitator Costs

This paper is directed to those individuals involved in design of electrostatic precipitators. The Deutsch-Anderson model is usually employed by industry for the design of electrostatic precipitators. The so-called process design variable in this approach is the total capture area in the precipitator. Unfortunately, little is available on the equipment design of this unit, i.e., the geometric arrangement of the plates that constitute the capture area and the external dimensions of the physical structure that houses the precipitator components. These are important economic considerations, and it is to this subject that this paper is directed. It is relatively easy to predict equipment costs for “off-the-shelf” electrostatic precipitators; it is more difficult to closely predict the cost for a custom-made unit, which is more often the case encountered in practice. Once the capture area is calculated, the total precipitator cost becomes a strong function of the outer casing and outer accessories of the physical system. In this paper, a model is presented that can help minimize precipitator cost. An illustrative example complements the development of the model.     

The effect of dissolved glyphosate upon the sorption of copper by three selected soils

The effect of the pesticide glyphosate (GPS) on adsorption processes of copper onto three soils of different characteristics has been studied. Cu adsorption decreases in general with increasing GPS concentration in solution, due principally to the lower equilibrium pHs, although this is not the only variable affecting copper adsorption. For the same pH values, Cu adsorption is higher in two of the three soils in the presence of GPS, but for the third soil, Cu adsorption is higher in the absence of GPS. This behavior is explained by the possibility of GPS adsorption on these soils and by the formation of Cu-GPS complexes in solution. The soils showing a higher Cu adsorption in the presence of GPS than in its absence for the same pH are able to adsorb this pesticide. In these soils, copper can be adsorbed directly on the soil surfaces, and also through the formation of bonds with GPS previously adsorbed. The third soil was not able to adsorb GPS. Consequently, all the pesticide remained in solution, forming strong Cu complexes with low tendency to be adsorbed on this soil. For this reason, the concentration of free Cu in solution is drastically reduced, and the adsorption of copper on this soil is lower.     

Feed-forward dose control of wastewater chlorination using on-line pH and ORP titration

In this study, a simple automatic pH-ORP titration device was developed for identifying the various ammonia concentrations and chlorine dose requirements for wastewater chlorination by identifying the peaks in the ORP-slope profiles and knees/valleys in the pH profiles. In addition, breakpoint chlorination experiments have shown that the ORP values at the monochloramine humps and breakpoints are linearly correlated with the ammonia concentrations. Therefore, a feed-forward control strategy, based on the chlorine/ammonia weight ratio (Cl/N), is proposed in this paper, to control the chlorine doses for a continuous wastewater chlorination experiment in a laboratory-scale reactor. The result of this continuous wastewater chlorination experiment has shown that the pH-ORP titration was able to precisely determine the variations of ammonia concentrations in the chlorination influent. Under this control strategy, effective and stable disinfection efficiencies in terms of total coliform count were obtained.     

The role of citric acid in cadmium and nickel uptake and translocation, in Halimione portulacoides

Some plants have high ability to absorb heavy metals in high concentrations. In this study, Halimione portulacoides was tested in conjunction with citric acid, in order to evaluate the possible use of this plant in phytoremediation processes in salt marshes. Two different concentrations of chelator were used combined with two heavy metal concentrations. When 25microM of citric acid was applied, Cd uptake and translocation was enhanced while for Ni these processes were almost inhibited. Increasing citric acid concentration to 50microM, Ni absorption decreased by the roots while for Cd there was still an increase in root uptake. Analysing translocation with this concentration of chelator, a decreased metal content in the upper organs for both metals was observed. While for Cd an optimal concentration of 25microM of citric acid was observed for phytoremediative processes, for nickel neither concentrations of chelator showed advantages for application in this remediative method.     

土壤微生物处理石油污染的研究

本文概述了石油污染土壤微生物处理的几种方法、生物降解机制以及这一领域的研究成果、研究现状，讨论了这一技术在我国的应用前景     

关于加强环境统计工作的思考

针对江苏省环境统计工作中存在的问题,通过调查研究,提出了加强做好江苏省环境统计工作的有关对策.     

ESP Bus Section Failures: Design Considerations

This paper addresses a common operation and maintenance problem encountered with sectionalized electrostatic precipitators—bus section failure. ESPs are normally designed to meet a specific minimum collection efficiency in order to comply with emission standards; the loss of several bus sections may cause the unit to be out of compliance. In this paper, the effect of bus section failure on precipitator performance is analyzed. The study is presented in two parts. First, a simplified procedure to estimate the effect of bus section failure on the overall collection efficiency is developed. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the use of the technique. Secondly—and this is the main thrust of this study—the technique is extended to include calculations on whether a unit is out of compliance due to the failure of a given number of bus sections. This development clearly shows that this latter effect can only be expressed in terms of a probability. Two additional examples, based on a field unit using actual test data, complement the presentation and illustrate this probability calculation.     

Gyrineum natator: a potential indicator of imposex along the Indian coast

Imposex related studies have used neogastropods as sentinel organism. In this effort, we elucidate the potential of a mesogastropod, Gyrineum natator, for imposex monitoring on the central west coast of India. Observations were made with specimens collected from Mumbai (three stations), Ratnagiri (two stations), Goa (one station) and Mangalore (one station). The analyzed populations at all four sites were affected by imposex. The six different stages of imposex in this organism are illustrated through schematic and scanning electron micrographs. In view of the anticipated ban on TBT based antifouling paints this baseline information can serve as an indicator for environmental monitoring in this region.     

酸化模型在国内的发展与应用进展

酸沉降与环境的酸化模型在国外已有较大进展,在我国尚属起步阶段。本文系统介绍了国内在酸化模型方面研究进展。这方面成果主要是适合于大尺度区域评估的指标评价模型的建立和将国外成熟的酸化模型应用于中国具体实践。希望尽快建立我国的酸化水化学研究体系。     

On springtime high ozone events in the lower troposphere from Southeast Asian biomass burning

Ozone peaks with mixing ratios as high as 138 ppbv were observed in the lower troposphere (2.5–4.5 km) over Hong Kong in spring. Simultaneously observed high humidity suggests that this enhanced ozone was not the result of transport from the upper troposphere. Back trajectory analysis suggests that these enhancements resulted from lateral transport. Air masses arriving at the altitude of the ozone peaks appear to have passed over continental Southeast Asia where the bulk of biomass burning occurs at this time of the year (February–April). We hypothesize that biomass burning in this region provided the necessary precursors for the observed ozone enhancement. As far as we know this is the first observation of highly enhanced ozone layers associated with biomass burning in continental Southeast Asia.