利用CRI作为人工湿地预处理措施的工艺研究

人工湿地处理系统作为一种对于面源污染有较好针对性的生态型污水处理技术,构建简单,成本低,但也存在诸多缺陷。利用人工快渗(CRI)作为人工湿地的预处理措施,使得系统的氧恢复能力增强,过水速率提高,能有效缓解堵塞问题,改善人工湿地的水力条件。实验研究表明:增加CRI工艺作为预处理措施可以很大程度上改善单一人工湿地的出水水质。     

用于人工湿地强化预处理的气浮加药研究

针对天津某人工湿地工艺研发了由溶气气浮设备和生物滤池组成的人工湿地预处理工艺。对生物滤池开展了稳定运行、反冲洗研究,并对生物滤池中的微生物进行分析;对河道水体中SS、COD、TN、TP去除效果进行试验,得出结论:当PAC和PAM投加量分别为30,1.5 mg/L时,出水中的COD、SS、TN和TP水质指标均符合《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放》一级A标准。     

水培-复合人工湿地去除直链烷基苯磺酸盐中试研究

以城市污水处理厂初沉池出水为原水,研究了以黑麦草为栽培植物的水培-复合人工湿地对污水中直链烷基苯磺酸盐(LAS)的去除效果。结果显示深度分别为0.1、0.3和0.6 m的3个水培-复合人工湿地系列均可高效去除城市生活污水中的LAS,其中水培槽的中位数去除率分别为49.36%、32.98%和34.04%,水平潜流湿地的中位数去除率分别为46.73%、42.55%和49.32%,垂直流湿地的中位数去除率分别为97.57%、96.26%和96.99%。0.1 m水培槽对LAS的去除效果明显优于0.3 m(p=0.010<0.05)和0.6 m(p=0.021<0.05)水培槽,0.1、0.3和0.6 m水平流(p=0.301>0.05,p=0.791>0.05)和垂直流(p=0.244>0.05,p=0.347>0.05)湿地对LAS的去除无显著差异,但垂直流湿地对LAS的去除显著优于水平流湿地(p=0.000<0.05)。LAS的去除与COD的降解显著相关,与TN和TP的降解无显著相关性。     

水解作为污水生物脱氮预处理工艺的可行性研究

通过现场中试对水解过程有机物的降解和SS去除情况进行分析，并通过批量实验对比了水解前后污水的反硝化速率。结果表明：采用厌氧水解取代初沉池作为生物脱氮的预处理工艺，可以有效提高后续生物处理工艺的效率，并可补充一定量的反硝化碳源。     

关于运用人工湿地处理城市污水的思考

目前许多城市污水处理能力还不能满足截污需要，为此，应当运用人工湿地污水处理技术进行治理。从生物净化原理看，人工湿地是一项新型的污水处理技术一株芦苇的根系连接起来长达１公里，能吸附污水中的氮和磷等多种物质。人工湿地生态系统水质净化技术的基本原理是：在一定的填料上种美人蕉、富贵竹、芦苇等特定的植物，将污水投入到人工建造的类似于沼泽的湿地上，进行水流结构、最适合植物微生物组合等方面的优化。当富营养化水流过人工湿地时，经沙石、土壤过滤，植物根际的多种微生物活动，包括好氧和厌氧过程和植物吸收，将水中的污染…     

对人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计技术关键的探讨

重点探讨了人工湿地污水处理系统工艺设计过程中的技术关键问题,提出系统水力停留时间、水传导、表面负荷率、系统深度、处理单元长宽及其比例、进出水系统布置、防渗材料等七点是人工湿地污水处理系统设计的技术关键。     

人工湿地处理城市污水在北方的应用

人工湿地是土地生态处理系统的一种类型,其设备简单、投资少、操作管理方便、能耗低和净化效果好而具有广阔的应用前景。人工湿地处理污水系统在北方寒冷地区很少采用,在此介绍人工湿地系统在北方应用的工程实例。     

浮动生化床预处理工艺在人工湿地系统中的应用

阐述了浮动生化床作为人工湿地污水处理系统预处理的作用,结果表明,浮动生化床具有处理效率高,出水水质稳定,耐冲击能力强,易于工艺调整的特点,适合用作人工湿地的预处理工艺。     

厌氧预处理+潜流式人工湿地处理农村生活污水

介绍了"厌氧预处理+潜流式人工湿地"工艺原理及在处理农村生活污水工程中的应用。运行结果表明:该工艺投资少、处理效果好、操作简单、维护成本低。系统对COD、BOD5、SS、NH4+-N的平均去除率分别达67.2%、87.0%、90.4%和80.2%,出水水质达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

生物沸石人工湿地强化硝化处理污水处理厂二级出水研究

以生物沸石人工湿地(CW)中试装置处理实际城镇污水处理厂二级出水,通过273 d的运行,探讨了生物沸石人工湿地强化硝化处理二级出水的性能及温度对其硝化率的影响。结果表明:生物沸石人工湿地能够快速高效地去除二级出水中的氨氮,正常运行阶段氨氮平均去除率达90.5%,出水氨氮平均浓度低于0.5 mg/L。系统重启恢复快、周期短,12 d后氨氮平均去除率达到70%以上。低温阶段(低于13 ℃),生物沸石人工湿地对氨氮的平均去除率依然保持在67.6%。温度对强化硝化效果有显著影响,当水温从低于15 ℃缓慢升至25 ℃以上时,生物沸石人工湿地的氨氮平均硝化率从28%升至62%;强化硝化出水无明显的亚硝态氮积累现象,除低温阶段,出水亚硝态氮平均浓度为0.16 mg/L。氨氮主要是被微生物强化硝化成硝态氮。     

拔风管对CANON型人工湿地脱氮性能的影响

以猪场沼液为处理对象,探究了拔风管对基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮(CANON)型潮汐流人工湿地(TFCW)氮素转化性能及微生物种群结构的影响.结果表明,拔风管数量可显著影响CANON型TFCW中脱氮功能微生物的数量与活性,进而影响其氮素转化速率.在水力负荷(HLR)≤0.18m3/(m2·d)的前提下,随着拔风管数量由0增...     

Greenhouse gas emissions from a constructed wetland for municipal sewage treatment

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Performance of a subsurface-flow constructed wetland in southern China

IntroductionTheconstructedwetlandshavebecomeaglobaltechnologyforwaterpollutioncontrolbothindevelopedanddevelopingcountries(Seidal,196 6 ,1976 ;Kickuth ,1977;Cooper,1995 ;IWA ,2 0 0 0 ) .Recentinventoriesindicatedthattherearemorethan 6 0 0 0andmorethan 10 …     

垂直流人工湿地不同填料长期运行效果研究

在高水力负荷(2400~3400mm/d)条件下,以沸石、无烟煤、页岩、蛭石、陶瓷滤料、砾石、钢渣和生物陶粒为填料,进行垂直流人工湿地模拟柱净化污水实验(历时25个月).结果表明,随着系统的运行,各填料对COD的去除能力均有不同程度提高.沸石对污水中氮素的处理能力保持在较高的水平,对TN和NH4+-N的平均去除率分别高达82.03%和91.32%.钢渣对TP和可溶性反应磷(SRP)的平均去除率分别高达89.61%和96.77%,且净化效果稳定;无烟煤第2阶段对磷素的净化能力低于钢渣,之后与钢渣无显著性差异.在垂直流人工湿地中,针对水质特性选择长期高效的填料,如沸石、无烟煤和生物陶粒,在高水力负荷条件下可获得更好的处理效果.     

生物塘-人工湿地工艺去除农田灌溉水中镉污染的效果

通过野外大田试验,探讨了生物塘-人工湿地工艺去除农田灌溉水中Cd污染的效果,并进一步分析了水力停留时间对Cd净化效果的影响及净化效果的日变化规律。结果表明:试验区灌溉水中全量Cd平均浓度为13.92 μg/L,是GB 5084—2005《农田灌溉水质标准》中Cd浓度限值的1.39倍,且以溶解态Cd为主,约占77.8%;经生物塘-人工湿地工艺处理后全量Cd平均去除率为42.0%,出水达标天数率为85.2%;组合工艺的Cd去除率随水力停留时间的延长呈先升高后降低趋势,最佳停留时间约为19 h;生物塘和人工湿地的Cd去除率日变化规律均呈早晚低、中午高的单峰曲线,Cd最大去除率出现在13:00左右。     

Settling basin design in a constructed wetland using TSS removal efficiency and hydraulic retention time

Using total suspended solid （TSS） removal efficiency and hydraulic retention time （HRT） as design parameters a design guideline of a settling basin in a constructed wetland （CW） was suggested; as well as management of sediment and particle in the settling basin. The CW was desiEned to treat the piggery wastewater effluent from a wastewater treatment plant during dry days and stonnwater runoff from the surrounding paved area during wet days. The first settling basin （FSB） in the CVV was theoretically designed with a total storage volume （TSV） of 453 ms and HRT of 5.5 hr. The amount of sediment and particles settled at the FSB was high due to the sedimentation and interception of plants in the CVV. Dredging of sediments was performed when the retention rate at the FSB decreased to approximately 80%. Findings showed that the mean flow rate was 21.8 m3/hr less than the designed flow rate of 82.8 m3/hr indicating that the FSB was oversize and operated with longer HRT （20.7 hr） compared to the design HRT. An empirical model to estimate the length of the settling basin in the CW was developed as a function of HRT and desired TSS removal efficiency. Using the minimum tolerable TSS removal efficiency of 30%, the length of the FSB was estimated to be 31.2 m with 11.8 hr HRT.     

A comprehensive evaluation of re-circulated bio-filter as a pretreatment process for petroleum refinery wastewater

Conventional biological treatment process is not very efficient for the treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) that contains high-concentration of organic contaminants. Prior to biological treatment, an additional pretreatment process for PRW is required for the effluent to meet the discharge standards. While re-circulated bio-filter (RBF) has been applied as a pretreatment process in several PRW treatment plants, its effects have not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, the parameters of operation, the changes in pollution indexes and contaminant composition in an engineered RBF have been investigated. We found that mainly highly active de-carbonization bacteria were present in the RBF, while no nitrification bacteria were found in the RBF. This indicated the absence of nitrification in this process. The biodegradable organic contaminants were susceptible to degradation by RBF, which decreased the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD₅) by 83.64% and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD_Cr) by 54.63%. Consequently, the alkalinity and pH value of RBF effluent significantly increased, which was unfavorable for the control of operating parameters in subsequent biological treatment. Along with the decrease of COD_Cr, the RBF effluent exhibited a reduction in biodegradability. 834 kinds of recalcitrant polar organic contaminants remained in the effluent; most of the contaminant molecules having complex structures of aromatic, polycyclic and heterocyclic rings. The results of this study showed that RBF could efficiently treat PRW for biodegradable organic contaminants removal; however, it is difficult to treat bio-refractory organic contaminants, which was unfavorable for the subsequent biological treatment process operation. An improved process might provide overall guarantees for the PRW treatment.     

Enhanced nitrogen removal reliability and efficiency in integrated constructed wetland microcosms using zeolite

The purpose of this study is to reduce the seasonal fluctuation and enhance the efficiency of nitrogen removal in vertical flow-horizontal subsurface flow (VFHSF) constructed wetlands. Two sets of VF-HSF constructed wetlands were built, VF1-HSF1 and VF2-HSF2, and a zeolite section was placed in VF2. The results showed that VF2-HSF2 compared to VF1-HSF1 was not only a more reliable nitrogen removal method, but also enhanced the nitrogen removal efficiency by 50%. The average apparent rate of nitrogen removal in VF2-HSF2 reached to 2.52 gN·m⁻³·d⁻¹, which doubled the rate in VF1-HSF1. Plant uptake and organic nitrogen sediment accounted for 12% and 6% of the total nitrogen removal in VF1-HSF1, respectively, and 10% and 4% in VF2-HSF2, respectively. Biologic nitrogen removal was the dominant mechanism, which accounted for 79% and 87% of the total nitrogen removal in VF1-HSF1 and VF2-HSF2, respectively. Ammonia adsorbed by zeolite during the cold seasons was desorbed, and then nitrified in warm seasons, which resulted in a bioregeneration efficiency of 91%. Zeolite in VF was capable of transferring ammonia from cold seasons to warm seasons as well as enhancing nitrification, which was accompanied by high potential denitrification in HSF that reinforced the efficiency and relieved seasonal fluctuation of nitrogen removal in VFHSF.     

轮休措施对堵塞型垂直潜流人工湿地的影响

采用不可滤物质的定量化分析方法研究了采取轮休措施对人工湿地堵塞程度的改善效果,同时分析了轮休措施对垂直潜流人工湿地污染物去除效果的改变和植物生长的影响.结果表明,轮休措施对解决人工湿地的堵塞有明显地改善,采取轮休措施后单位基质中的不可滤物质含量较轮休前有所降低,其中不可滤有机物减少量十分明显,不可滤无机物量在短期和长时间轮休前后分别表现出基本稳定和较大幅度降低的特性;短期轮休后COD、TP和TN的去除率都较轮休前有所降低,氨氮的去除率在人工湿地轮休后较轮休前高;应结合人工湿地的基质、植物种类调整运行工况,进行不同时间长度和方式的轮休,以确保植物生长不受该措施的影响.