Ecological Analysis of Spleen Hypertrophy in Cyclomorphic Rodents Taking into Account the Type of Ontogeny

The functional approach at the level of physiological functional groups (PFGs) reflecting two types of ontogeny was used to analyze spleen hypertrophy in five species of rodents. In addition to a wide variation of spleen weight, its hypertrophy was observed: in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus), the spleen weight was as great as 3.5 g versus the normal value of 100–150 mg. The variation range of the relative spleen weight was estimated. For example, in the dominant species, C. glareolus, this range was considerable (from 2 to 125). A distinct relationship with the types of animal ontogeny was revealed. The genus specificity of the phenomenon—its occurrence in three species of Clethrionomys voles and absence in Microtus voles and mice—was determined in the study region. The animals with normal and hypertrophied spleens did not differ from each other significantly in their vital activity (at least, with respect to the parameters studied). The voles with hypertrophied spleens normally reproduced, and the hypertrophy was asymptomatic. These findings suggest that the populations have adapted to a damaging factor (or factors) in the course of a prolonged coevolution. This parameter is regarded as the indicator of the presence of a damaging factor in the population.     

Types of Ontogeny and Territorial Distribution of Small Rodents

In small rodents, differences in the average home range size, depending on the type of ontogeny and animal sex, have been revealed. The dynamics of changes in the spatial structure of populations during the breeding season are described.     

中国人口发展功能区域规划的实证分析

区域人口集聚是主体功能区优化布局的要求和重要指标。人口发展功能区规划是国家主体功能区规划的基础依据。本文以哈尔滨市人口功能区规划为例,根据国家人口发展功能分区指标体系,采用模糊综合评价方法测算了哈尔滨市人口功能分区,并提出了相关政策性建议。研究结果对于发挥哈尔滨市中心城市带动作用,引导城市化进程中人口有序流动,推进国家及省人口发展功能区规划工作具有借鉴作用。     

Morphophysiological and Population Adaptations ofAjuga reptansL. at the Northern Boundary of Its Range

The results of comprehensive morphophysiological and population studies on Ajuga reptansL., a species of the nemoral floristic complex, at the northern boundary of its range (in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic) are reviewed. Adaptations at the cell, organism, and biocenotic levels are revealed. The maintenance and survival of the species at the boundary of its range are provided for by its physiological plasticity, resistance to low temperatures, and multiple variants of ontogeny. Prognosis of Ajuga reptansfuture status under conditions of global climate change and expansion of anthropogenically disturbed areas is favorable.     

信息化和工业化融合对能源强度的影响——基于2000-2012年省际面板数据的经验分析

如何通过信息化和工业化深度融合降低能源强度,推动节能减排,是经济发展新常态下亟待解决的重要理论和现实问题.本文以系统间协同演化理论为基础,改进了信息化和工业化融合水平的测度方法,并采用中国大陆除西藏外30个省区2000-2012年的面板数据,探讨信息化和工业化融合对地区能源强度的影响.研究表明,信息化和工业化融合能够显著降低地区能源强度,且其对降低地区能源强度的贡献强于政府干预、技术创新、国际贸易、外商投资和能源价格等因素;信息化和工业化融合对能源强度的影响在东、中、西三个不同经济发展水平的地区之间存在差异,但这种差异并不显著;从动态发展看,信息化和工业化融合对地区能源强度的影响呈增强趋势;产业结构在信息化和工业化融合影响地区能源强度的过程中存在门限效应,只有当第三产业增加值与第二产业增加值之比达到一定水平后(高于0.756 8),信息化和工业化融合对能源强度的影响才变得显著.信息化和工业化融合通过推动技术进步、产业结构升级和资源优化配置三种机制提高能源使用效率,影响地区能源强度.信息化和工业化融合的节能减排效应仍有很大提升空间,应根据不同省区经济发展水平和产业结构差异,采取针对性措施推动信息化和工业化深度融合,充分发挥其在节能减排中的积极作用.在推动通信、交通等基础设施建设的同时,积极发展生产性服务业,为信息化和工业化深度融合节能减排效应的有效发挥创造良好的软环境.     

Fluctuations of Population Size and Structure in the Northern Mole Vole: Preliminary Analysis

Long-term stationary studies on the ecology of the northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus Pall.), performed by the mark–recapture method from 1985 to 1997, have provided original data on population dynamics and structure. The analysis shows that, to reveal cyclic fluctuations of population size in this species, the period of three years should be taken as a unit of time for estimating the duration of one phase. The 12-year population cycle in E. talpinus has four distinct phases: an increase, a peak, a decline, and a minimum. At each phase, the population is characterized by certain features of family structure, age composition, birth and death rates, and the composition of migrants.