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丰、沛、铜重氟病区,禽、畜体内氟主要积聚在骨骼中(羊骨1096×10-6~2001.9×10-6,鸡骨335×10-6~378×10-6)及生理功能强的内脏(肝、心、肾等)器官中,氟的含量3.3×10-6~7.17×10-6,肌肉和蛋、奶品中氟的含量大多接近或低于氟的卫生标准,显然肉、蛋、奶食品不是该区地氟病的致病因子。研究表明,动物体内氟含量与环境水氟及叶菜和树叶(含水分高)中的氟含量呈明显的正相关。因而造成食草动物比以食粮食为主的家禽体内的氟含量明显偏高。说明水是氟的传播媒界,为该区地氟病的主要致病因子。 相似文献
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用阳离子表面活性剂(DTMAB、BDTDAB、CTMAB、OTMAB)改性膨润土制得一系列有机膨润土.研究了萘、菲、蒽、苊4种多环芳烃(PAHs)在水/有机膨润土间的分配行为;描述了多环芳烃在水/有机膨润土间的分配系数(Koc)与有机物本身性质(Koc、S)之间的关系.结果表明,萘、菲、蒽、苊在水/有机膨润土间的分配系数(Koc)基本为一常数,与有机膨润土吸附介质无关,相应的分配系数为 2.247×104、2.621×105、2.106×105、5.085×104,其值比多环芳烃在土壤(沉积物)的Koc大约高10~20倍,这是有机膨润土可用于污染土壤和地下水修复的必要条件之一. 相似文献
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为了减少废水中营养盐的排放量,采用实验室规模的厌氧─缺氧─好氧工艺处理豆制品废水。结果表明,TCOD、SCOD、NH+4-N、NO-3-N、TN、TP、SP(可溶性磷)、SS、细菌总数和大肠菌群数的去除率分别为96%、94%、93%、89%、82%、88%、78%、98.0%、99.9%以上。厌氧相产气率平均0.4L/L·d,上所产气体中平均甲烷含量69.8%,CO23.8%,N226.4%。缺氧相产气率平均为0.2L/L·d,平均甲烷含量59.5%,CO212%,N239.2%。好氧相中亚硝酸细菌含量为1.1×105/mL,硝酸细菌含量为1.4×103/mL。 相似文献
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比较了SBR反应器中好氧颗粒污泥和絮状污泥对不同浓度氨氮废水的去除情况,并采用定量PCR(RT-PCR)和末端限制性酶切片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术研究了2种污泥中氨氧化细菌数量和细菌组成的变化.结果表明,100~500mg/L的氨氮对2种污泥去除COD的影响不大,而氨氮的去除率随着其浓度的上升而下降,絮状污泥的氨氮去除率略高于颗粒污泥(10%~16%).絮状污泥和颗粒污泥中氨氧化细菌的数量分别为2.80×104~3.44×104,7.83×104~1.18×105个/g干污泥.絮状污泥中细菌种群数量高于颗粒污泥,且两者的变化趋势与氨氮去除率的变化基本一致. 相似文献
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在离体实验条件下,测定了20种硝基芳烃化合物对鲤鱼鱼鳃ATPase活性的半抑制浓度-logIC50值,以一阶价分子连接性指数1XV,取代基常数总和∑σ-、指示变量I、分子分支指数1Ka、分子最低空轨道能ELUMO及辛醇─水分配系数logP为参数,进行定量结构活性相关性(QSAR)研究。结果表明,硝基芳烃的毒性和∑σ-、I、ELUMO3个参数密切相关。在上述基础上,成功地建立了20种硝基芳烃的QSAR方程,其相关系数为0.927。 相似文献
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利用厌氧-缺氧-好氧处理城市废水的中试规模系统,对其缺氧相中的脱氮硫杆菌进行了研究。结果表明,脱氮硫杆菌的最高脱氮作用率、氧化Na2S的最高浓度、S2-的最高污泥负荷率和污泥中脱氮硫杆菌的最高含量(MPN)分别为3.6mg-NO-3/gVSS·h、1750mg/L、25mg-S2-/gVSS·d和1.1×108/gVSS。脱氮硫杆菌在氧化二价硫成硫酸并还原硝酸为氮气的过程中起着相当有意义的作用。 相似文献
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Paul Ney 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1981,68(12):597-605
Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions. 相似文献
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This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed(for all four combustion tests) for S, As, Cl and Br(R = 0.917-0.999). Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds(e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.). Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically "not significant", i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization. 相似文献
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珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。 相似文献
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G. Vollmer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1991,78(12):533-542
In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet. 相似文献
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Kurunthachalam Kannan Simonetta Corsoline Takashi Imagaws Silvano Focardi John P.Giesy 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(3):207-211
我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量. 相似文献
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Vine Edward L. Sathaye Jayant A. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(2):189-216
In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2006,14(17):1557-1558