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固定化微生物修复石油污染土壤特性试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用梯度稀释法分离筛选原油降解混合菌,采用吸附法将混合菌固定在砾石和草炭土上,探讨固定化混合菌对土壤石油烃的去除效果。结果表明:分离得到的混合菌8-2,菌群结构简单,石油烃降解率可达52.1%。与砾石相比,草炭土所固定的微生物数量和活性较高,可达1.3×108 cfu/g和0.24A487。草炭土固定的混合菌8-2,修复含油量为30g/kg的污染土壤30d后,石油烃降解率达28.4%,高于游离降解菌的24.3%。固定化载体草炭土在修复过程中起到了微生物缓释剂的作用。 相似文献
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共基质条件下TNT降解菌的选育及其处理效果 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选取SBR弹药销毁废水处理系统中的活性污泥作为菌源,在共基质条件下,经过驯化和筛选,分离出11株可降解TNT的单菌,从中选出生长速度较快的3株菌JT1,JT2,JT3进行了单菌及混菌降解能力测试,结果表明:混合菌JTH降解能力最强,其适宜环境条件为25℃~30℃,pH7.5~9.0,基质中添加2g/L葡萄糖可显著增强混菌JTH生长并可使24h内的TNT降解率达到96 1%;模拟废水的处理实验表明:混菌JTH对COD的去除率>80%,TNT降解率80%~90%;生物强化实验表明:以0.1的菌量污泥比在SBR系统中投加混合菌可使系统的出水COD稳定在100mg/L左右,出水TNT浓度<5mg/L。 相似文献
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建立了一种同时测定蔬菜中醚菌酯和肟菌酯农药残留的气相色谱法。以乙腈高速匀浆提取、盐析。再经氟罗里硅土柱层析、净化,再经浓缩、定容后,采用气相色谱一电子捕获检测器对待测组分进行了分离和测定。本实验选用番茄为实验原料,通过在番茄样品中添加不同浓度的醚菌酯和肟菌酯混合标样,每档浓度做5个平行和1个空白。实验证明,添加浓度在0.01mg·kg^-1,0.05mg·kg^-1和0.2mg·kg^-1时,番茄中醚菌酯和肟菌酯添加回收率在81.2%~106.5%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)小于10%,醚菌酯和肟菌酯在样品中的最低检出浓度为0.005mg·kg。 相似文献
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为了评价70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂在番茄中的使用安全性,开展甲基硫菌灵在番茄中的残留量研究。本文建立了分散固相萃取前处理,高效液相色谱/质谱联用法测定甲基硫菌灵在番茄中残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取,乙二胺-N-丙基甲硅烷(PSA)和无水硫酸镁混合振荡离心除去杂质和水分,上清液用配有电喷雾(ESI)源的高效液相色谱/质谱联用仪测定。田间试验结果建议在番茄上喷施70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂562.5 g ai·hm^-2,3次施药,推荐安全间隔期为3 d;市场抽检样品检测表明番茄中甲基硫菌灵的残留量均小于0.05 mg·kg^-1,低于最大残留限量3 mg·kg^-1。 相似文献
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《环境保护与循环经济》2015,(12)
新疆地区气候条件和水资源环境较差,由于土地大面积开垦洗盐灌溉,使得地下水矿化度较高。当地能源也较紧张,经济发展和污水处理运行管理人员的技术水平相对落后。针对以上问题,建议在污水生物处理系统中,采用生物强化手段和地埋式构筑物,引入耐盐菌、耐温菌与其他有机物降解菌混合组成生态系统,实现污水生物处理系统的快速启动;采用曝气精确控制模式,基于进水污染物负荷和溶解氧、温度的相互关系,精确控制曝气,实现污水处理的稳定运行和节能降耗;采用远程感知服务平台,对污水站进行远程监控和服务,保证系统稳定运行,实现智慧水务管理目标。 相似文献
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边佳 《环境保护与循环经济》2024,(2):17-22
以天然沸石为主要原料,制备改性多孔沸石混合填料,填料柱挂膜成熟后,模拟氨氮废水及曝气生物滤池技术,经离子交换吸附、微生物再生、淋洗序批三段式运行,以考察填料的氮素去除性能,同时采用PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)电泳方法表征填料生物膜的微生物特性。实验结果表明:当离子交换吸附阶段水力停留时间为3.0 h时,填料的氨氮综合去除效率最佳(82.3%~94.7%),氮回收率较高(88.46%);填料系统外层及上、下层的微生物群落丰富度相对更高,不同条带聚类结果与条带相似度及现实状况相符;在条带检测出可降解有机污染物的噬氢菌及硝化菌、反硝化菌。 相似文献
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日本一家微生物研究所经过30年研制成一种供养猪用的细菌,这种细菌名叫TETRA菌,将其撒在猪舍内可起到消除粪便、防止疾病、促进生长、提高肉质等作用。因此把这种细菌的发明称为养猪革命。日本农场一般用棚架作猪舍。棚架搭好后先在地面铺三层:第一层铺碎材(杉皮、松皮及其它有机质纤维),并在碎材中混合TETRA菌,每3.3m~2混合菌液3.5kg;第二层铺厚约20cm的锯木末或稻壳;第三层再撒TETRA菌,每3.3m~2撒3.5kg。铺完后撒水,使厚约10cm地层的含水量达65~70%,地面铺好后就可将猪赶入棚内饲养。以后每隔7~10天再撒一次细菌溶液,每3.3m~2用菌液400g。地面三年重铺一次,平时要多撒水,防止干燥,使之含水量经常保持在65~70%。这样的铺地可以使猪排出的粪便全部被细菌分解,在地面上不留痕迹,无 相似文献
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微生物菌剂在酿酒废水处理中的应用研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
采用厌氧-好氧工艺,结合微生物菌剂对酿酒废水进行了处理研究。进水CODCr浓度可达到8,456.3-22,442.0mg/L,BOD55,040.0-9.557.1mg/L,pH3-4,可不调pH,采用微生物菌剂接种可启动厌氧反应器,COD有机负荷最高达到10.2gCOD/Ld,COD去除率稳定在91-95%,BOD去除率90-94%,出水pH6.6-7.1,出水CODCr在2,000mg/L以下,BOD5800mg/L以下。厌氧污泥可全部颗粒化。好氧处理系统中接种微生物菌剂,曝气10-12小时,可保证出水中CODCr在230mg/L以下,甚至直接达到国家一级排放标准。微生物菌剂的应用是取得该处理效果的关键。 相似文献
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This paper presents a systematic framework for optimal utilization of by-products generated during crude palm oil refining processes. Three by-products are considered in the supply chain network: soapstock, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and spent bleaching earth (SBE). These by-products, generated from neutralization, deodorization and bleaching processes, are viable feedstocks to other commercial industries such as animal feed, biodiesel, lubricant and soap. The case study is formulated as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and integrated into the framework with the objective to maximize the refinery's profit as well as moving towards a conscious mindset of zero waste. This is the first time that such framework is developed and applied for the palm oil industry. The framework is called as Industry to Industry By-products Exchange Network (I2IBEN). An illustrative case study demonstrates a significant potential profit of MYR182, 893 per month. 相似文献
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Sang Hun Kim Sung-Geun Yoon Song Hwa Chae Sunwon Park 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(3):690-705
Most chemical companies consume a lot of steam, water and electrical resources in the production process. Given recent record fuel costs, utility networks must be optimized to reduce the overall cost of production. Environmental concerns must also be considered when preparing modifications to satisfy the requirements for industrial utilities, since wastes discharged from the utility networks are restricted by environmental regulations. Construction of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) has drawn attention as a promising approach for retrofitting existing industrial parks to improve energy efficiency. The optimization of the utility network within an industrial complex is one of the most important undertakings to minimize energy consumption and waste loads in the EIP.In this work, a systematic approach to optimize the utility network of an industrial complex is presented. An important issue in the optimization of a utility network is the desire of the companies to achieve high profits while complying with the environmental regulations. Therefore, the proposed optimization was performed with consideration of both economic and environmental factors.The proposed approach consists of unit modeling using thermodynamic principles, mass and energy balances, development of a multi-period Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for the integration of utility systems in an industrial complex, and an economic/environmental analysis of the results. This approach is applied to the Yeosu Industrial Complex, considering seasonal utility demands. The results show that both the total utility cost and waste load are reduced by optimizing the utility network of an industrial complex. 相似文献
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固体废物全过程管理中固体废物鉴别研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对固体废物应进行全过程管理,固体废物鉴别是固体废物全过程管理的基础和关键,包括依据产生来源鉴别和过程鉴别两种方法,依据产生来源鉴别包括丧失原有利用价值的物质、在生产过程中产生的副产物、环境治理和污染控制过程中产生的物质、其他物质四类,在每一类中详细地列举了属于该产生来源的具体固体废物种类名称,便于理解和增强可操作性。过程鉴别包括在固体废物再生利用过程和处置过程中的固体废物鉴别两类,其中在再生利用过程的固体废物鉴别中明确指出了固体废物再生利用产物只有同时满足产品质量标准要求、国家污染控制标准要求以及有实际市场需求、固定用户等条件时,才不作为固体废物管理,在处置过程的固体废物鉴别中具体地列出了处置固体废物全过程中仍然作为固体废物管理的国际惯用处置方式。同时,给出了清晰的"原料—产品—固体废物—处置或产品"全过程中固体废物的产生节点和相应的固体废物类别图,为固体废物鉴别工作提供参考,使固体废物全过程管理有的放矢,有效防止固体废物对环境和人体健康造成的危害。 相似文献
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Nguyen Phuc Thanh Yasuhiro Matsui Takeshi Fujiwara 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(11):2307-2321
This study was undertaken to evaluate the quantity and composition of household solid waste to identify opportunities for waste recycling in Can Tho city, the capital city of the Mekong Delta region in southern Vietnam. Two-stage survey of 100 households was conducted for dry season and rainy season in 2009. Household solid waste was collected from each household and classified into 10 physical categories and 83 subcategories. The average household solid waste generation rate was 285.28 g per capita per day. The compostable and recyclable shares respectively accounted for 80.02% and 11.73%. The authors also analyzed the relations between some socioeconomic factors and household solid waste generation rates by physical categories and subcategories. The household solid waste generation rate per capita per day was positively correlated with the population density and urbanization level, although it was negatively correlated with the household size. The authors also developed mathematical models of correlations between the waste generation rates of main physical categories and relevant factors, such as household size and household income. The models were proposed by linear models with three variables to predict household solid waste generation of total waste, food waste, and plastic waste. It was shown that these correlations were weak and a relationship among variables existed. Comparisons of waste generation by physical compositions associated with different factors, such as seasonal and daily variation were conducted. Results presented that the significant average differences were found by the different seasons and by the different days in a week; although these correlations were weak. The greenhouse gas baseline emission was also calculated as 292.25 g (CO2 eq.) per capita per day from biodegradable components. 相似文献
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高校生活垃圾分类回收及资源化探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对高校生活垃圾组成的调查,探讨了教学区、宿舍区、食堂等区域生活垃圾的分类回收模式,并对废纸、废塑料、废金属、废电池、餐厨垃圾等资源化利用的可行性进行了分析,建议通过加强宣传工作,健全管理机制,完善资源化市场体系等途径对高校生活垃圾进行分类回收及资源化。 相似文献
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Phosphate rocks, used for phosphorus (P) fertilizer production, are a non-renewable resource at the human time scale. Their depletion at the global scale may threaten global food and feed security. To prevent this depletion, improved P resource recycling from food chain waste to agricultural soils and to the food and feed industry is often presented as a serious option. However, waste streams are often complex and their recycling efficiency is poorly characterized. The aim of this paper is to estimate the P recovery and recycling potential from waste, considering France as a case study. We assessed the P flows in food processing waste, household wastewater and municipal waste at the country scale using a substance flow analysis for the year 2006. We also quantified the P recycling efficiency as the fraction of P in waste that ultimately reached agricultural soils or was recycled in the food and feed industry. Efforts were made to limit data uncertainty by cross-checking multiple data sources concerning P content in waste materials. Results showed that, in general, P recovery in waste was high but that the overall P recycling efficiency was only 51% at the country scale. In particular, P recycling efficiency was 75% for industrial waste, 43% for household wastewater and 47% for municipal waste. The remaining P was discharged into water bodies or landfilled, causing P-induced environmental problems as well as losses of nutrient resources. Major P losses were through food waste (which amounted to 39% of P in available food) and treated wastewater, and the findings were confirmed through cross-checking with alternative data sources. Options for improving P resource recycling and, thereby, reducing P fertilizer use were quantified but appeared to be less promising than scenarios based on reduced food waste or redesigned agricultural systems. 相似文献