共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Sven Rannow Nicholas A. Macgregor Juliane Albrecht Humphrey Q. P. Crick Michael Förster Stefan Heiland Georg Janauer Mike D. Morecroft Marco Neubert Anca Sarbu Jadwiga Sienkiewicz 《Environmental management》2014,54(4):732-743
The implementation of adaptation actions in local conservation management is a new and complex task with multiple facets, influenced by factors differing from site to site. A transdisciplinary perspective is therefore required to identify and implement effective solutions. To address this, the International Conference on Managing Protected Areas under Climate Change brought together international scientists, conservation managers, and decision-makers to discuss current experiences with local adaptation of conservation management. This paper summarizes the main issues for implementing adaptation that emerged from the conference. These include a series of conclusions and recommendations on monitoring, sensitivity assessment, current and future management practices, and legal and policy aspects. A range of spatial and temporal scales must be considered in the implementation of climate-adapted management. The adaptation process must be area-specific and consider the ecosystem and the social and economic conditions within and beyond protected area boundaries. However, a strategic overview is also needed: management at each site should be informed by conservation priorities and likely impacts of climate change at regional or even wider scales. Acting across these levels will be a long and continuous process, requiring coordination with actors outside the “traditional” conservation sector. To achieve this, a range of research, communication, and policy/legal actions is required. We identify a series of important actions that need to be taken at different scales to enable managers of protected sites to adapt successfully to a changing climate. 相似文献
2.
Climate change will pose increasingly significant challenges to managers of parks and other forms of protected areas around
the world. Over the past two decades, numerous scientific publications have identified potential adaptations, but their suitability
from legal, policy, financial, internal capacity, and other management perspectives has not been evaluated for any protected
area agency or organization. In this study, a panel of protected area experts applied a Policy Delphi methodology to identify
and evaluate climate change adaptation options across the primary management areas of a protected area agency in Canada. The
panel identified and evaluated one hundred and sixty five (165) adaptation options for their perceived desirability and feasibility.
While the results revealed a high level of agreement with respect to the desirability of adaptation options and a moderate
level of capacity pertaining to policy formulation and management direction, a perception of low capacity for implementation
in most other program areas was identified. A separate panel of senior park agency decision-makers used a multiple criterion
decision-facilitation matrix to further evaluate the institutional feasibility of the 56 most desirable adaptation options
identified by the initial expert panel and to prioritize them for consideration in a climate change action plan. Critically,
only two of the 56 adaptation options evaluated by senior decision-makers were deemed definitely implementable, due largely
to fiscal and internal capacity limitations. These challenges are common to protected area agencies in developed countries
and pervade those in developing countries, revealing that limited adaptive capacity represents a substantive barrier to biodiversity
conservation and other protected area management objectives in an era of rapid climate change. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACTThis paper explores how Australia's Indigenous peoples understand and respond to climate change impacts on their traditional land and seas. Our results show that: (i) Indigenous peoples are observing modifications to their country due to climate change, and are doing so in both ancient and colonial time scales; (ii) the ways that climate change terminology is discursively understood and used is fundamental to achieving deep engagement and effective adaptive governance; (iii) Indigenous peoples in Australia exhibit a high level of agency via diverse approaches to climate adaptation; and (iv) humour is perceived as an important cultural component of engagement about climate change and adaptation. However, wider governance regimes consistently attempt to “upscale” Indigenous initiatives into their own culturally governed frameworks - or ignore them totally as they “don't fit” within neoliberal policy regimes. We argue that an opportunity exists to acknowledge the ways in which Indigenous peoples are agents of their own change, and to support the strategic localism of Indigenous adaptation approaches through tailored and place-based adaptation for traditional country. 相似文献
4.
Approaches to Evaluating Climate Change Impacts on Species: A Guide to Initiating the Adaptation Planning Process 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Assessing the impact of climate change on species and associated management objectives is a critical initial step for engaging
in the adaptation planning process. Multiple approaches are available. While all possess limitations to their application
associated with the uncertainties inherent in the data and models that inform their results, conducting and incorporating
impact assessments into the adaptation planning process at least provides some basis for making resource management decisions
that are becoming inevitable in the face of rapidly changing climate. Here we provide a non-exhaustive review of long-standing
(e.g., species distribution models) and newly developed (e.g., vulnerability indices) methods used to anticipate the response
to climate change of individual species as a guide for managers grappling with how to begin the climate change adaptation
process. We address the limitations (e.g., uncertainties in climate change projections) associated with these methods, and
other considerations for matching appropriate assessment approaches with the management questions and goals. Thorough consideration
of the objectives, scope, scale, time frame and available resources for a climate impact assessment allows for informed method
selection. With many data sets and tools available on-line, the capacity to undertake and/or benefit from existing species
impact assessments is accessible to those engaged in resource management. With some understanding of potential impacts, even
if limited, adaptation planning begins to move toward the development of management strategies and targeted actions that may
help to sustain functioning ecosystems and their associated services into the future. 相似文献
5.
Local government is attributed a vital role in climate-change adaptation. Previous studies contend that conflicting priorities, insufficient institutional incentives and knowledge of risks, and inadequate resources all impede local climate adaptation. Though the importance of local political support in enabling climate adaptation is widely acknowledged, the views of local politicians have rarely been analysed. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with local politicians in Sweden, we explore what affects their engagement in climate adaptation. The study claims that climate adaptation contrary to mitigation is not viewed as political beyond directing attention and sanctioning guidelines set by officials. A limited number of interviewees claim a more strategic political role in adaptation. The combined effect of institutional incentives (e.g. fragmented national guidelines, unappealing goals, and lack of funding), relative weight in local politics, and ability to exercise political leadership (e.g. campaign value, public and media pressure, and lack of ideology) is perceived as too insignificant to trigger strong political engagement. In less-populous municipalities, adaptive measures were highly valued for demonstrating political action. 相似文献
6.
There are two principal strategies for managing climate change risks: mitigation and adaptation. Until recently, mitigation
and adaptation have been considered separately in both climate change science and policy. Mitigation has been treated as an
issue for developed countries, which hold the greatest responsibility for climate change, while adaptation is seen as a priority
for the South, where mitigative capacity is low and vulnerability is high. This conceptual divide has hindered progress against
the achievement of the fundamental sustainable development challenges of climate change. Recent attention to exploring the
synergies between mitigation and adaptation suggests that an integrated approach could go some way to bridging the gap between
the development and adaptation priorities of the South and the need to achieve global engagement in mitigation. These issues
are explored through a case study analysis of climate change policy and practice in Bangladesh. Using the example of waste-to-compost
projects, a mitigation-adaptation-development nexus is demonstrated, as projects contribute to mitigation through reducing
methane emissions; adaptation through soil improvement in drought-prone areas; and sustainable development, because poverty
is exacerbated when climate change reduces the flows of ecosystem services. Further, linking adaptation to mitigation makes
mitigation action more relevant to policymakers in Bangladesh, increasing engagement in the international climate change agenda
in preparation for a post-Kyoto global strategy. This case study strengthens the argument that while combining mitigation
and adaptation is not a magic bullet for climate policy, synergies, particularly at the project level, can contribute to the
sustainable development goals of climate change and are worth exploring. 相似文献
7.
Consumers influence climate change through their consumption patterns and their support or dismissal of climate mitigation policy measures. Both climate-friendly actions and policy support comprise a broad range of options, which vary in manifold ways and, therefore, might be influenced by different factors. The aims of the study were, therefore, two-fold: first, we intended to find a meaningful way to classify different ways of addressing climate change. Second, we aimed to examine which determinants influence people's willingness to engage in these behaviors. We conducted a large-scale mail survey in Switzerland in which respondents rated, among other items, their willingness to act or support a range of possible actions and mitigations measures. A principal component analysis indicated that a distinction in terms of a behavior's directness as well as a differentiation according to perceived costs seem to be appropriate to classify climate-friendly actions. Multiple regression analyses showed that perceived costs and perceived climate benefit turned out to be the strongest predictors for willingness to act or to support climate policy measures. The strong influence of perceived climate benefit might reflect a strategy of reducing cognitive dissonance. As high-cost behaviors are more difficult to adopt, consumers may reduce dissonance by dismissing high-cost behaviors as not effective in terms of climate mitigation. Political affiliation proved to be another strong determinant of willingness to act or support. Participants on the right wing were less willing to show indirect climate-friendly behaviors, change their mobility behaviors, and to support any type of climate mitigation policy measures. Climate-friendly low-cost behaviors, however, were not influenced by political affiliation. 相似文献
8.
Malcolm Ausden 《Environmental management》2014,54(4):685-698
Carrying out wildlife conservation in a changing climate requires planning on long timescales at both a site and network level, while also having the flexibility to adapt actions at sites over short timescales in response to changing conditions and new information. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), a land-owning wildlife conservation charity in the UK, achieves this on its nature reserves through its system of management planning. This involves setting network-wide objectives which inform the 25-year vision and 5-year conservation objectives for each site. Progress toward achieving each site’s conservation objectives is reviewed annually, to identify any adjustments which might be needed to the site’s management. The conservation objectives and 25-year vision of each site are reviewed every 5 years. Significant long-term impacts of climate change most frequently identified at RSPB reserves are: loss of intertidal habitat through coastal squeeze, loss of low-lying islands due to higher sea levels and coastal erosion, loss of coastal freshwater and brackish wetlands due to increased coastal flooding, and changes in the hydrology of wetlands. The main types of adaptation measures in place on RSPB reserves to address climate change-related impacts are: re-creation of intertidal habitat, re-creation and restoration of freshwater wetlands away from vulnerable coastal areas, blocking artificial drainage on peatlands, and addressing pressures on freshwater supply for lowland wet grasslands in eastern and southeastern England. Developing partnerships between organizations has been crucial in delivering large-scale adaptation projects. 相似文献
9.
Mia Landauer Sirkku Juhola Johannes Klein 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(5):741-765
By using a scale framework, we examine how cross-scale interactions influence the implementation of climate adaptation and mitigation actions in different urban sectors. Based on stakeholder interviews and content analysis of strategies and projects relevant to climate adaptation and mitigation in the cities of Copenhagen and Helsinki, we present empirical examples of synergies, conflicts and trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation that are driven by the cross-scale interactions. These examples show that jurisdictional and institutional scales shape the implementation of adaptation and mitigation strategies, projects and tasks at the management scale, creating benefits of integrated solutions, but also challenges. Investigating the linkages between adaptation and mitigation through a scale framework provides new knowledge for urban climate change planning and decision-making. The results increase the understanding of why adaptation and mitigation are sometimes handled as two separate policy areas and also why attempts to integrate the two policies may fail. 相似文献
10.
Federal land managers are faced with the task of balancing multiple uses and goals when making decisions about land use and
the activities that occur on public lands. Though climate change is now well recognized by federal agencies and their local
land and resource managers, it is not yet clear how issues related to climate change will be incorporated into on-the-ground
decision making within the framework of multiple use objectives. We conducted a case study of a federal land management agency
field office, the San Juan Public Lands Center in Durango, CO, U.S.A., to understand from their perspective how decisions
are currently made, and how climate change and carbon management are being factored into decision making. We evaluated three
major management sectors in which climate change or carbon management may intersect other use goals: forests, biofuels, and
grazing. While land managers are aware of climate change and eager to understand more about how it might affect land resources,
the incorporation of climate change considerations into everyday decision making is currently quite limited. Climate change
is therefore on the radar screen, but remains a lower priority than other issues. To assist the office in making decisions
that are based on sound scientific information, further research is needed into how management activities influence carbon
storage and resilience of the landscape under climate change. 相似文献
11.
Yaser Abunnasr Elisabeth M. Hamin Elizabeth Brabec 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(1):135-155
There is a pressing need for municipalities and regions to create urban form suited to current as well as future climates, but adaptation planning uptake has been slow. This is particularly unfortunate because patterns of urban form interact with climate change in ways that can reduce, or intensify, the impact of overall global change. Uncertainty regarding the timing and magnitude of climate change is a significant barrier to implementing adaptation planning. Focusing on implementation of adaptation and phasing of policy reduces this barrier. It removes time as a decision marker, instead arguing for an initial comprehensive plan to prevent maladaptive policy choices, implemented incrementally after testing the micro-climate outcomes of previous interventions. Policies begin with no-regrets decisions that reduce the long-term need for more intensive adaptive actions and generate immediate policy benefits, while gradually enabling transformative infrastructure and design responses to increased climate impacts. Global and local indicators assume a larger role in the process, to evaluate when tipping points are in sight. We use case studies from two exemplary municipal plans to demonstrate this method's usefulness. While framed for urban planning, the approach is applicable to natural resource managers and others who must plan with uncertainty. 相似文献
12.
Farmers’ Perceived Risks of Climate Change and Influencing Factors: A Study in the Mekong Delta,Vietnam 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Many countries are confronting climate change that threatens agricultural production and farmers’ lives. Farmers’ perceived risks of climate change and factors influencing those perceived risks are critical to their adaptive behavior and well-planned adaptation strategies. However, there is limited understanding of these issues. In this paper, we attempt to quantitatively measure farmers’ perceived risks of climate change and explore the influences of risk experience, information, belief in climate change, and trust in public adaptation to those perceived risks. Data are from structured interviews with 598 farmers in the Mekong Delta. The study shows that perceived risks to production, physical health, and income dimensions receive greater priority while farmers pay less attention to risks to happiness and social relationships. Experiences of the events that can be attributed to climate change increase farmers’ perceived risks. Information variables can increase or decrease perceived risks, depending on the sources of information. Farmers who believe that climate change is actually happening and influencing their family’s lives, perceive higher risks in most dimensions. Farmers who think that climate change is not their concern but the government’s, perceive lower risks to physical health, finance, and production. As to trust in public adaptation, farmers who believe that public adaptive measures are well co-ordinated, perceive lower risks to production and psychology. Interestingly, those who believe that the disaster warning system is working well, perceive higher risks to finance, production, and social relationships. Further attention is suggested for the quality, timing, and channels of information about climate change and adaptation. 相似文献
13.
Linda A. Joyce Geoffrey M. Blate Steven G. McNulty Constance I. Millar Susanne Moser Ronald P. Neilson David L. Peterson 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1022-1032
This study explores potential adaptation approaches in planning and management that the United States Forest Service might
adopt to help achieve its goals and objectives in the face of climate change. Availability of information, vulnerability of
ecological and socio-economic systems, and uncertainties associated with climate change, as well as the interacting non-climatic
changes, influence selection of the adaptation approach. Resource assessments are opportunities to develop strategic information
that could be used to identify and link adaptation strategies across planning levels. Within a National Forest, planning must
incorporate the opportunity to identify vulnerabilities to climate change as well as incorporate approaches that allow management
adjustments as the effects of climate change become apparent. The nature of environmental variability, the inevitability of
novelty and surprise, and the range of management objectives and situations across the National Forest System implies that
no single approach will fit all situations. A toolbox of management options would include practices focused on forestalling
climate change effects by building resistance and resilience into current ecosystems, and on managing for change by enabling
plants, animals, and ecosystems to adapt to climate change. Better and more widespread implementation of already known practices
that reduce the impact of existing stressors represents an important “no regrets” strategy. These management opportunities
will require agency consideration of its adaptive capacity, and ways to overcome potential barriers to these adaptation options. 相似文献
14.
气候变化是全人类面临的严峻挑战,我国受到气候变化的不利影响更为显著,加快采取雄心勃勃的适应气候变化行动显得尤为重要,但资金机制一直是我国适应进程中的主要障碍,亟须借鉴国际经验构建完善适应气候变化的资金机制。基于此,本文首先简要分析国际适应气候变化资金机制的基本情况,然后选取适应进程较为完善的美、英、德、日等典型发达国家,分别从适应政策体系、国内适应资金和国际援助资金等三个方面梳理总结各国适应气候变化资金机制,最后分析我国适应气候变化资金机制及存在的问题,并提出对我国适应气候变化资金机制的启示。研究发现,《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其气候变化国际谈判进程是各国推进适应气候变化资金机制的主要动因,发达国家重视适应政策的法制化,但政策力度和运行模式有所不同,公共部门是各国适应资金的主要来源,私人资金潜力尚待挖掘,国际气候援助注重减缓与适应并重,但援助力度有待加强。未来我国应从完善适应气候变化顶层设计、建立适应气候变化资金保障机制、提高适应气候援助力度、加强国际交流与合作等方面完善我国适应气候变化资金机制。 相似文献
15.
This paper describes the progress that local authorities in England and Wales are making in adapting to the threat of climate change and taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The responses from surveys of local authorities in England and Wales carried out in 2000 (IDeA, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions: survey of activities and initiatives by local authorities. (Questionnaire and results) Improvement and Development Agency, 2000) and 2002 (Allman et al., Climate Change: a survey of local authorities, Local Government Association, 2002) were compared. Progress in implementing the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) five-step methodology (ICLEI, Local Government Implementation of Climate Protection—report to the United Nations, International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, 1997) was used to identify the 'successful' local authorities. The barriers faced by these authorities were then compared with those faced by the remaining local authorities.
Most local authorities are not making substantial progress. However, a small number have successfully prepared greenhouse gas emissions inventories, developed strategies and implemented adaptation and greenhouse gas reduction measures. These successful authorities have made progress despite the fact that addressing climate change is not a legal requirement.
Their success is due to three key factors. Firstly, they have recognised the secondary benefits of tackling climate change, e.g. potential employment, improved quality of life and reduction in fuel poverty. Secondly, they have the strong political, professional and technical support necessary to champion climate change activities. Finally, they have worked in partnership with utilities, private, public and voluntary groups to raise the finance needed to implement measures both to adapt to climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
Most local authorities are not making substantial progress. However, a small number have successfully prepared greenhouse gas emissions inventories, developed strategies and implemented adaptation and greenhouse gas reduction measures. These successful authorities have made progress despite the fact that addressing climate change is not a legal requirement.
Their success is due to three key factors. Firstly, they have recognised the secondary benefits of tackling climate change, e.g. potential employment, improved quality of life and reduction in fuel poverty. Secondly, they have the strong political, professional and technical support necessary to champion climate change activities. Finally, they have worked in partnership with utilities, private, public and voluntary groups to raise the finance needed to implement measures both to adapt to climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The focus of this article is the Swedish experience of local governance and climate change, including mitigation and adaptation. The municipal response to these two challenges is set within a broader policy context that acknowledges Sweden as a pioneer in environmental governance, including its comparatively high ambitions with regard to the reduction of greenhouse ga emissions. Central–local relations in climate policy are analysed, and climate change mitigation and adaptation are exemplified by some snapshots of municipal initiatives, including the popular habit of networking between municipalities within as well as across national borders. In conclusion we briefly evaluate the Swedish local governance experience of climate change mitigation and adaptation to date as characterized by radical rhetoric and ambitious goals combined with a lot of promising initiatives, although still with fairly modest results in terms of tangible outcomes. Finally, we reflect upon what we consider to be the most important questions for future research on local governance and climate change. 相似文献
17.
Jordan M. West Susan H. Julius Peter Kareiva Carolyn Enquist Joshua J. Lawler Brian Petersen Ayana E. Johnson M. Rebecca Shaw 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1001-1021
Public lands and waters in the United States traditionally have been managed using frameworks and objectives that were established
under an implicit assumption of stable climatic conditions. However, projected climatic changes render this assumption invalid.
Here, we summarize general principles for management adaptations that have emerged from a major literature review. These general
principles cover many topics including: (1) how to assess climate impacts to ecosystem processes that are key to management
goals; (2) using management practices to support ecosystem resilience; (3) converting barriers that may inhibit management
responses into opportunities for successful implementation; and (4) promoting flexible decision making that takes into account
challenges of scale and thresholds. To date, the literature on management adaptations to climate change has mostly focused
on strategies for bolstering the resilience of ecosystems to persist in their current states. Yet in the longer term, it is
anticipated that climate change will push certain ecosystems and species beyond their capacity to recover. When managing to
support resilience becomes infeasible, adaptation may require more than simply changing management practices—it may require
changing management goals and managing transitions to new ecosystem states. After transitions have occurred, management will
again support resilience—this time for a new ecosystem state. Thus, successful management of natural resources in the context
of climate change will require recognition on the part of managers and decisions makers of the need to cycle between “managing
for resilience” and “managing for change.” 相似文献
18.
Guiding Climate Change Adaptation Within Vulnerable Natural Resource Management Systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Climate change has the potential to compromise the sustainability of natural resources in Mediterranean climatic systems,
such that short-term reactive responses will increasingly be insufficient to ensure effective management. There is a simultaneous
need for both the clear articulation of the vulnerabilities of specific management systems to climate risk, and the development
of appropriate short- and long-term strategic planning responses that anticipate environmental change or allow for sustainable
adaptive management in response to trends in resource condition. Governments are developing climate change adaptation policy
frameworks, but without the recognition of the importance of responding strategically, regional stakeholders will struggle
to manage future climate risk. In a partnership between the South Australian Government, the Adelaide and Mt Lofty Ranges
Natural Resource Management Board and the regional community, a range of available research approaches to support regional
climate change adaptation decision-making, were applied and critically examined, including: scenario modelling; applied and
participatory Geographical Information Systems modelling; environmental risk analysis; and participatory action learning.
As managers apply ideas for adaptation within their own biophysical and socio-cultural contexts, there would be both successes
and failures, but a learning orientation to societal change will enable improvements over time. A base-line target for regional
responses to climate change is the ownership of the issue by stakeholders, which leads to an acceptance that effective actions
to adapt are now both possible and vitally important. Beyond such baseline knowledge, the research suggests that there is
a range of tools from the social and physical sciences available to guide adaptation decision-making. 相似文献
19.
The climate change literature emphasises the importance of geographical understanding for guiding adaptation, in which “place” perspectives are particularly significant. After “scale”, the term “place” within the climate change adaptation literature is most often implicitly used in reference to a delineated and localised region, such as place-based risk assessment or place-based adaptation planning. Here, we use a case study of the Australian island-state of Tasmania to demonstrate the importance and particularity of place in the formation of climate change adaptation issues, problem definition and framing, and the dynamics of knowledge and praxis development across a range of research and industry sectors. We describe the significance of the place Tasmania with regard to its geographical location; its portrayal as an island place; and its cultural meaning and relations. Through a synthesis of climate change adaptation research, policy literature and engagement with researchers and stakeholders, we identify three emergent thematic place characterisations of Tasmania. We find that these characterisations have contributed directly or indirectly to the: initiation and extent of research and practical activities; the framing of adaptation issues and perspectives on potential adaptation responses in different sectors including the marine biodiversity and resources sector, small business and human health sectors. Exposing these influences is essential for focusing future adaptation activities, including research, planning, investment and practice, in Tasmania and other locations where place is a central issue. 相似文献
20.
Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) are an important mechanism for the acquisition of land and the management of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. HCPs have become a vital means of protecting endangered and threatened species and their habitats throughout the United States, particularly on private land. The scientific consensus that climate is changing and that these changes will impact the viability of species has not been incorporated into the conservation strategies of recent HCPs, rendering plans vulnerable biologically. In this paper we review the regulatory context for incorporating climate change into HCPs and analyze the extent to which climate change is linked to management actions in a subset of large HCPs. We conclude that most current plans do not incorporate climate change into conservation actions, and so we provide recommendations for integrating climate change into the process of HCP development and implementation. These recommendations are distilled from the published literature as well as the practice of conservation planning and are structured to the specific needs of HCP development and implementation. We offer nine recommendations for integrating climate change into the HCP process: (1) identify species at-risk from climate change, (2) explore new strategies for reserve design, (3) increase emphasis on corridors, linkages, and connectivity, (4) develop anticipatory adaptation measures, (5) manage for diversity, (6) consider assisted migration, (7) include climate change in scenarios of water management, (8) develop future-oriented management actions, and (9) increase linkages between the conservation strategy and adaptive management/monitoring programs. 相似文献