共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
水体底泥对污染物的吸附-解吸机理的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水体底泥污染已经成为世界范围内的一个重要的环境问题,其污染物主要通过大气沉降、废水排放、雨水淋溶冲刷等进入水体,最后沉积到底泥中并逐渐富集,使底泥受到严重污染。吸附-解吸是底泥污染的重要过程,为了控制水体底泥污染,对底泥对各种污染物的吸附-解吸机理及其影响因素的研究显得极其重要。本文总结了底泥中氮、磷和重金属等的吸附-解吸的影响因素及机理,对今后水体底泥污染方面的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥氮磷释放的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用校园水体底泥进行上覆水营养盐浓度对底泥释放量之间的关系研究。结果表明,在本实验条件下,上覆水水质影响底泥氮、磷的释放,尤其显著影响氮、磷的初期释放;上覆水氮、磷的浓度越小,底泥氮、磷的释放量越大;上覆水氮、磷的浓度超过一定值,会抑制底泥氮、磷的释放。 相似文献
3.
《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2017,(6)
应用SMT法测定了苏州工业园内水体沉积物各形态磷的含量,并对沉积物磷的释放风险进行了评估。结果表明园区内水体沉积物磷污染较严重,吴淞江沉积物中总磷(TP)含量最高,达到了1 604.59 mg/kg;沉积物中磷主要赋存形态为生物可利用磷,其中金鸡湖沉积物中生物可利用磷占比最高,占总磷含量的59.59%,湖泊水体流动性较弱,存在非常大的释放风险。 相似文献
4.
《环境保护与循环经济》2015,(9)
运用SMT法提取各形态磷,研究沂河坝区土壤磷的赋存形态。研究结果显示,河道底泥中TP含量大于岸边土壤中TP,所有坝区中TP的大小依次为:小埠东桃园角沂柳杭花园。磷的赋存形态中,河道底泥中与岸边土壤中IP是磷的主要赋存形态,OP含量较低;Ca-P在河道底泥与岸边土壤中均占IP的35%左右,此形态磷对水质影响较小;Fe/Al-P为IP的主要赋存形态。沂河岸边土壤中各形态磷的分布顺序与河道底泥一致,均为Fe/Al-PCa-POP。 相似文献
5.
底泥是水环境研究中的一个重要对象。底泥中元素的含量一般为10~(-4)—10~(-2)%,比水中同类元素往往高1—4个数量级。底泥主要由粘土矿物和腐殖酸等组成,对金属离子具有吸附和螯合作用,且吸附和螯合容量均大。如果工业废水中金属离子的含量愈多,排放时间愈长,其富集的元素含量就愈高。相对于水体和生物而言,底泥中的化学成份随季节、气候等的影响较小,而具有相对的稳定性。因此底泥中的化学成份更能反映出污染的情况。加以底泥样品易于保存,底泥与水及 相似文献
6.
内源磷的释放作用及影响因素研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水体的富营养化已成为目前环境研究中的焦点问题,磷在湖泊中的浓度高低是衡量湖泊富营养化水平的重要指标,是水生态系统基本营养盐之一,并且是淡水湖泊的最主要限制性营养因子。在外源磷得到有效的控制之后,内源磷的污染仍然能够保持湖泊的富营养化状态,此时内源磷的控制就成为了难点和重点。在底泥中的结合态磷,主要是以无机磷和有机磷的形式存在,有机磷与微生物活性密切相关,无机磷则主要与底泥存在的环境联系紧密。湖泊底泥内源磷释放受到一系列物理、化学、生物过程的控制,其影响因素主要包括扰动、氧化还原电位、pH值等,是多种因子综合作用的结果,同时,扰动引起的底泥再悬浮对内源磷有吸附固定作用。故底泥内源磷的释放机理有待进一步探索,在多种影响因素作用下,进一步研究底泥再悬浮对磷的吸附释放作用,从而明确内源磷的主要来源及吸附释放过程,为内源磷的控制提供理论依据,进而控制水体富营养化。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
徐春萍 《环境保护与循环经济》2021,41(5):64-67
对新开河沿河11个点位的底泥进行取样监测,并对监测数据进行分析,筛选底泥中对水体黑臭造成影响的关键因子.结果显示,底泥污染是黑臭水体的重要污染源之一,底泥的含水率是底泥处置的关键考虑因素;重金属和砷是底泥资源化利用的关键因子;总氮、总磷和有机质之间关系密切且有较好的同源性. 相似文献
11.
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the effects of three land covers (sunn hemp –Crotalaria juncea, sudex, a sorghum‐sudangrass hybrid –Sorghum bicolor x S. bicolor var. sudanese, and common oats –Avena sativa) planted as vegetative filter strips on the reduction of sediment and nutrient loading of surface runoff within the Kaika‐Waialua watershed on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Runoff samples were collected and analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphorous, and three forms of nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen). Study results show that during seven out of 10 runoff events, the three cover crop treatments significantly reduced TSS as compared to the fallow treatment. Average removal efficiencies were 85, 77, and 73% for oats, sunn hemp, and sudex, respectively, as compared to the fallow treatment. Nutrient concentrations were low with phosphorous concentrations, lower than 1 (μg/ml) for all treatments, and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations below 7 (μg/ml) except in the sunn hemp treatment, where TN concentrations were less than 10 (μg/ml). Results of analysis of TDS showed that the cover crop treatments did not decrease dissolved solids concentrations in comparison with the fallow treatment. Analysis of nutrient concentrations in runoff samples did not detect any significant decreases in phosphorous, nitrogen, ammonium, or TN concentrations in comparison to the fallow treatment. However, a significant increase in TN concentrations in the sunn hemp treatment was detected and showed the nitrogen fixing capacity of sunn hemp. No treatment effects on runoff volume were detected, and runoff volumes were directly correlated with rainfall amounts showing no crops significantly impacted soil infiltration rates. These results were attributed to extremely low soil hydraulic conductivities (0.0001‐7 cm/day at the soil surface, 15 and 30 cm below the soil surface). This study showed that cover crops planted as vegetative filters can effectively reduce sediment loads coming from idle and fallow fields on moderately steep volcanically derived highly weathered soils. 相似文献
12.
Many lakes have experienced a transition from a clear into a turbid state without macrophyte growth due to eutrophication.
There are several measures by which nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the surface water can be reduced. We
used the shallow lake model PCLake to evaluate the effects of three measures (reducing external nutrient loading, increasing
relative marsh area, and increasing exchange rate between open water and marsh) on water quality improvement. Furthermore,
the contribution of different retention processes was calculated. Settling and burial contributed more to nutrient retention
than denitrification. The model runs for a typical shallow lake in The Netherlands showed that after increasing relative marsh
area to 50%, total phosphorous (TP) concentration in the surface water was lower than the Maximum Admissible Risk (MAR, a
Dutch government water quality standard) level, in contrast to total nitrogen (TN) concentration. The MAR levels could also
be achieved by reducing N and P load. However, reduction of nutrient concentrations to MAR levels did not result in a clear
lake state with submerged vegetation. Only a combination of a more drastic reduction of the present nutrient loading, in combination
with a relatively large marsh cover (approximately 50%) would lead to such a clear state. We therefore concluded that littoral
marsh areas can make a small but significant contribution to lake recovery. 相似文献
13.
Tao Liang Hao Wang Hsiang‐te Rung Chao‐sheng Zhang 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(6):1499-1510
ABSTRACT: Five types of land use/land covers in the West Tiaoxi watershed of China were studied for nutrient losses in artificial rainstorm runoff. A self‐designed rainfall simulator was used. In situ rainfall simulations were used to: (1) compare the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous in different land use/land covers and (2) evaluate the flux of nitrogen and phosphorous export from runoff and sediment in various types of land use/land covers. Three duplicated experiments were carried out under rain intensity of 2 mm/min, each lasting 32 minutes on a 3 m2 plot. Characteristics of various species of nitrogen and phosphorous in runoff and sediment were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) were greatest in runoff from mulberry trees and smallest from pine forest. The TN and TP export was mainly from suspended particulate in runoff. TN and TP exports from the top 10 cm layer of five types of land use/land covers were estimated as high as 4.66 to 9.40 g/m2 and 2.57 to 4.89 g/m2, respectively, of which exports through sediment of runoff accounted for more than 90 percent and 97 percent. The rate of TN and TP exports ranged from 2.68 to approximately 14.48 and 0.45 to approximately 4.11 mg/m2/min in runoff; these rates were much lower than those of 100.01 to approximately 172.67 and 72.82 to approximately 135.96 mg/m2/min in the runoff sediment. 相似文献
14.
Erik R. Lee Saied Mostaghimi Theresa M. Wynn 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(1):17-32
ABSTRACT: A dynamic, compartmental, simulation model (WETLAND) was developed for the design and evaluation of constructed wetlands to optimize nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control. The model simulates the hydrologic, nitrogen, carbon, dissolved oxygen (DO), bacteria, vegetative, phosphorous, and sediment cycles of a wetland system. Written in Fortran 77, the WETLAND models both free‐water surface (FWS) and subsurface flow (SSF) wetlands, and is designed in a modular manner that gives the user the flexibility to decide which cycles and processes to model. WETLAND differs from many existing wetland models in that the interactions between the different nutrient cycles are modeled, minimizing the number of assumptions concerning wetland processes. It also directly links microbial growth and death to the consumption and transformations of nutrients in the wetland system. The WETLAND model is intended to be utilized with an existing NPS hydro‐logic simulation model, such as ANSWERS or BASINS, but also may be used in situations where measured input data to the wetland are available. The model was calibrated and validated using limited data from a FWS wetland located at Benton, Kentucky. The WETLAND predictions were not statistically different from measured values for of five‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorous. Effluent DO predictions were not always consistent with measured concentrations. A sensitivity analysis indicated the most significant input parameters to the model were those that directly affected bacterial growth and DO uptake and movement. The model was used to design a hypothetical constructed wetland in a subwatershed of the Nomini Creek watershed, located in Virginia. Two‐year simulations were completed for five separate wetland designs. Predicted percent reductions in BOD5 (4 to 45 percent), total suspended solids (85 to 100 percent), total nitrogen (42 to 56 percent), and total phosphorous (38 to 57 percent) were similar to levels reported by previous research. 相似文献
15.
底泥的氮、磷释放及其微生物影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化 ,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏.本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状.总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想.本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论.目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素. 相似文献
16.
本研究采用美国农业部农业研究所开发的SWAT模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)对茫溪河流域非点源污染进行了模拟研究,构建了适用于茫溪河流域的非点源污染模型,对流域的非点源污染进行了模拟和分析。模拟结果显示:茫溪河流域污染特征以非点源污染为主;东茫溪河水系的泥沙、氮、磷等负荷均大于西茫溪河水系;单位泥沙负荷最大的区域为流域东北部、东部和东南部一带的深丘地区,是茫溪河流域的主要泥沙输出区;氮、磷负荷最大的区域为茫溪河中下游一带的平坝、浅丘地区,是茫溪河流域的主要氮、磷输出区;研究区内泥沙、营养物质的输出具有很强的时间规律,有机氮、有机磷的输出在雨季(6月~9月)会出现高峰,因此雨季是流域内非点源污染源输出的重点时段。 相似文献
17.
Lewis C. Linker Carl F. Cerco 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(5):986-1006
Nutrient load allocations and subsequent reductions in total nitrogen and phosphorus have been applied in the Chesapeake watershed since 1992 to reduce hypoxia and to restore living resources. In 2010, sediment allocations were established to augment nutrient allocations supporting the submerged aquatic vegetation resource. From the initial introduction of nutrient allocations in 1992 to the present, the allocations have become more completely applied to all areas and loads in the watershed and have also become more rigorously assessed and tracked. The latest 2010 application of nutrient and sediment allocations were made as part of the Chesapeake Bay total maximum daily load and covered all six states of the Chesapeake watershed. A quantitative allocation process was developed that applied principles of equity and efficiency in the watershed, while achieving all tidal water quality standards through an assessment of equitable levels of effort in reducing nutrients and sediments. The level of effort was determined through application of two key watershed scenarios: one where no action was taken in nutrient control and one where maximum nutrient control efforts were applied. Once the level of effort was determined for different jurisdictions, the overall load reduction was set watershed‐wide to achieve dissolved oxygen water quality standards. Further adjustments were made to the allocation to achieve the James River chlorophyll‐a standard. 相似文献
18.
In order to study system responses of Falls of the Neuse Reservoir (Falls Lake) to varied nutrient loadings, a coupled three-dimensional
hydrodynamic and eutrophication model was applied. The model was calibrated using 2005 and 2006 intensive survey data, and
validated using 2007 survey data. Compared with historical hydrological records, 2005 and 2007 were considered as dry years
and 2006 was recognized as a normal year. Relatively higher nutrient fluxes from the sediment were specified for dry year
model simulations. The differences were probably due to longer residence time and hence higher nutrient retention rate during
dry years in Falls Lake. During the normal year of 2006, approximately 70% of total nitrogen (TN) and 80% of total phosphorus
(TP) were delivered from the tributaries; about 20% (TN and TP) were from the sediment bottom. During the dry years of 2005
and 2007, the amount of TN released from sediment was equivalent to that introduced from the tributaries, indicating the critical
role of nutrient recycling within the system in dry years. The model results also suggest that both nitrogen and phosphorus
are limiting phytoplankton growth in Falls Lake. In the upper part of the lake where high turbidity was observed, nitrogen
limitation appeared to dominate. Scenario model runs also suggest that great nutrient loading reductions are needed for Falls
Lake to meet the water quality standard. 相似文献
19.
Chesapeake Bay eutrophication: scientific understanding, ecosystem restoration, and challenges for agriculture 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Chesapeake Bay has been the subject of intensive research on cultural eutrophication and extensive efforts to reduce nutrient inputs. In 1987 a commitment was made to reduce controllable sources of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) by 40% by the year 2000, although the causes and effects of eutrophication were incompletely known. Subsequent research, modeling, and monitoring have shown that: (i) the estuarine ecosystem had been substantially altered by increased loadings of N and P of approximately 7- and 18-fold, respectively; (ii) hypoxia substantially increased since the 1950s; (iii) eutrophication was the major cause of reductions in submerged vegetation; and (iv) reducing nutrient sources by 40% would improve water quality, but less than originally thought. Strong public support and political commitment have allowed the Chesapeake Bay Program to reduce nutrient inputs, particularly from point sources, by 58% for P and 28% for N. However, reductions of nonpoint sources of P and N were projected by models to reach only 19% and 15%, respectively, of controllable loadings. The lack of reductions in nutrient concentrations in some streams and tidal waters and field research suggest that soil conservation-based management strategies are less effective than assumed. In 1997, isolated outbreaks of the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida brought attention to the land application of poultry manure as a contributing factor to elevated soil P and ground water N concentrations. In addition to developing more effective agricultural practices, emerging issues include linking eutrophication and living resources, reducing atmospheric sources of N, enhancing nutrient sinks, controlling sprawling suburban development, and predicting and preventing harmful algal blooms. 相似文献
20.
Nutrient removal in tropical subsurface flow constructed wetlands under batch and continuous flow conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhang DQ Tan SK Gersberg RM Zhu J Sadreddini S Li Y 《Journal of environmental management》2012,96(1):1-6
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of batch versus continuous flow on the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (TP) in tropical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF CW). The quantitative role of the higher aquatic plants in nutrient removal in these two operational modes was also investigated. Results indicated no significant difference (p > 0.05) in COD removal between batch and continuous flow modes for either the planted or unplanted treatments. Furthermore, the batch-loaded planted wetlands showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher ammonium removal efficiencies (95.2%) compared with the continuously fed systems (80.4%), most probably because the drain and fill batch mode presented systematically more oxidized environmental conditions. With respect to TP removal, for both planted and unplanted beds, there was significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in batch flow operation (69.6% for planted beds; 39.1% for unplanted beds) as compared to continuous flow operation (46.8% for planted beds; 25.5% for unplanted beds). In addition, at a 4-day hydraulic retention time (HRT), the presence of plants significantly enhanced both ammonia oxidation and TP removal in both batch and continuous modes of operation as compared to that for unplanted beds. An estimation of the quantitative role of aeration from drain and fill operation at a 4-day HRT, as compared to rhizosphere aeration by the higher aquatic plant, indicated that drain and fill operation might account for only less than half of the higher aquatic plant's quantitative contribution of oxygen (1.55 g O2 per m2 per day for batch flow versus 1.13 g O2 per m2 per day for continuous flow). 相似文献