优势菌种与三重环流三相流化床耦合处理油制气厂废水

从若干种菌源中分离出降解芳香烃类和长链烷烃类化合物的高效菌种 ,将此菌种与自行设计的新型结构内循环三相流化床相结合应用于处理油制气厂排出的难降解毒性有机废水 ,分别进行了废水处理动态试验及抗冲击负荷试验 ,讨论了气水比、pH与COD去除率的关系 ,分析了酚、氨氮及各类毒性有机物的生物降解情况 .结果表明 ,反应器容积负荷为 7 16kg(CODCr) (m3·d) ,CODCr平均去除率为 79 5 % ,芳烃类化合物的去除率为 79 8% ,酚类化合物的去除率达 94 8%以上 .反应器表现出优良的抗冲击能力与高效的处理能力     

驯化菌种降解油制气废水的影响因素研究

利用筛选的3种微生物,在初步研究其对某些化合物降解能力的基础上,考察其降解油制气废水过程中一般因素如温度、pH值、供氧条件、废水浓度以及营养因素如磷源、碳源对微生物降解能力的影响。研究表明,各菌种可在自然环境条件范围内,保持对废水CODCr降解效果的稳定性。葡萄糖、乙醇的加入,可将各菌种对CODCr的去除率分别提高16.9%~26.5%、17.6%~25.6%。     

高效原油降解菌筛选驯化实验研究

由含油废水原有微生物种群中分离出纯种菌株，通过纯种菌株的单一菌种降解性能实验，混合菌株垢正交性能实验，筛选出7种高效原油降解菌（包括芽孢杆菌属，黄杆菌属，黄单胞菌属，和假单胞菌属），其中芽孢杆菌属降解原油能力最强，对于18．4mg/L的含油废水，降解去除率高达94％－95％，实验还表明，单种菌株降解原油的能力比混合菌株要好。     

油制气废水中毒害有机物分析及一般特征

对油制气废水特征进行较全面的调查和分析,给出GC/MS(气相色谱-质谱联用)分析的一般前处理流程、废水的一般特征数据及废水中芳烃类毒害有机物的GC/MS分析结果.废水中COD_Cr、BOD₅、酚、氨氮、可萃取有机物的值分别可达(mg·L^-1):400～600、60～80、20～30、60～80、170～200.GC-MS检测到79种芳烃类有机物,这些有机物进、出水浓度总和分别为140.79mg·L^-1、129.11mg·L^-1.分析数据表明油制气废水毒性强、较难进行生物处理.     

粪便堆肥化优势菌株初步筛选

在粪便模拟堆肥的不同阶段共分离出156株菌种，从脱臭效果，生物活性（耗氧速率），有机物降解率（CODcr去除率）等三方面筛选到7株能快速脱臭，高效降解的优势菌种。经在零肥过程中采样分析，得到随着堆肥时间的延长，细菌逐渐减少，放线菌逐渐增多，霉菌和醇母菌在堆肥的末期显著减少的结论。     

固定化优势菌种处理焦化废水中几种难降解有机物的试验研究

针对焦化废水中的３种难降解有机物（喹啉、异喹啉、吡啶）筛选了具有效高降解能力的优势菌种。采用无纺布－PVA复合载体对优势菌种进行包埋固定。研究了包埋固定化优势菌种对相应有机物的降解特性。结果表明,经优势菌种处理8h,3种难降解有机物均可降解90％以上。     

生物强化技术处理苯胺废水难降解有机物的研究

通过驯化富集培养,从处理苯胺废水的反应器中分离出3株苯降解菌BA1、BA2、BA3,研究了投加单个及复合菌种对苯胺废水生物处理的增强作用。结果表明,投加Fe3+和复合菌种均能促进难降解有机物的降解,提高苯胺废水COD去除率,当3者协同作用时,效果最好,并确定了最佳菌种组合。     

焦化废水中氨氮降解菌降解性能的研究

本实验从焦化废水中分离出一株高效氨氮降解菌A1,经过生理生化鉴定,初步确定为假单胞杆菌菌属。本实验对该菌种的降解性能进行研究,确定该菌种的最佳降解条件:p H8.0,温度30℃,菌种量5%(V菌悬液:V培养基),在此条件下,对200mg/L的氨氮去除率达到89.5%。     

水解酸化——好氧工艺处理异丙醇工业废水

感光材料工业排出的异丙醇废水的BOD5／COcr比值为0．40左右，可生化性良好；经水解酸化处理后该废水的BOD5／CODcr比值可提高至0．5左右，平均增加了25％，证实了水解酸化菌在该工艺条件下具有提高异丙醇废水可生化性的功能。水解酸化—好氧串联工艺对该废水总的处理效果表明：在异丙醇废水CODcr进水浓度2000～3000mg／l范围内，CODcr总去除率可达90％左右，BOD5总去除率可达95％左右。水解酸化后好氧生化系统的动力学最大比降解速度K＝4．35／日，半速度常数K＝587mg／l。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌HHE—P7的培养条件研究

从活性污泥中筛选出一株絮凝剂产生菌，鉴定为青霉菌，命名为HHE—P7，其产生的絮凝剂命名为MBF7。该菌产生絮凝剂的培养基和培养条件为：葡萄糖培养基、初始pH值为4．5～6．0、温度为30℃、摇床转速为200r／min、培养3．4d产生的高效絮凝剂MBF7对于淀粉废水的浊度去除率最高达97．7％。     

Treatment of turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage with soil cultivating system

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A／O生物转盘工艺处理氨氮废水

研究了A/O系统后接生物转盘工艺，对低CODcr和高氨氮的石化厂废水的处理效果。结果表明，当碳氮比为3.8时，对CODcr和氨氮均有良好的去除效果，在进水CODcr浓度为1048.70/mg/L、氨氮浓度为275.16mg/L时，CODcr去除率达93.26%，氨氮去除率达94.7%.     

Treatment and remediation of a wastewater lagoon using microelectrolysis and modified DAT/IAT methods

To examine treatment and remediation of a wastewater lagoon with poor biodegradability, a typical wastewater lagoon in Tianjin, China, was treated and remedied using microelectrolysis and modified demand aeration tank (DAT)/intermittent aeration tank (IAT) methods. After pretreatment by microelectrolysis, the removal e ciency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was up to 64.6% and the ratio of BOC/COD in the e uent increased from 0.013 to 0.609. The removal rates of CODCr and NH+4 -N were a ected by sludge backflow rate, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the modified DAT/IAT reactor. The highest removal rates of CODCr and NH+4 -N were up to 78.9% and 62.6%, respectively, when the sludge backflow rate was 38.0 mL/min, the total HRT was 8.0 hr and MLSS was 4088.0 mg/L. In this case, some protozoa and metazoa were observed in activated sludge and biofilm carriers. Most of chrominance was removed by microelectrolysis treatment, while the modified DAT/IAT methods were more e ective for CODCr and NH+4 -N removal.     

Evaluation of the e ectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for di erent media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)), ammonia (NH4-N), nitrite, nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater. The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2 day), 0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2 day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2 day)) and removal e ciencies (65%–93%, 57%–85% and 78% for COD, NH4-N and TSS, respectively), higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel. The applied loads of COD, ammonia, nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coe cients for Filtralite. Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater, nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2 day). There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for different media

Two media bed (gravel and Filtralite NR) were tested in a mesocosm to evaluate the removal of organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand (COD)),ammonia (NH4-N),nitrite,nitrate and solid matter (as total suspended solids (TSS)) for a synthetic wastewater (acetate-based) and a domestic wastewater.The use of Filtralite allowed average removal rates (6–16.8 g COD/(m2·day),0.8–1.1 g NH4-N/(m2·day) and 3.1 g TSS/(m2·day)) and removal effciencies (65%–93%,57%–85% and 78% for COD,NH4-N and TSS,respectively),higher than that observed in the experiments with gravel.The applied loads of COD,ammonia,nitrate and TSS seem to influence the respective removal rates but only for the treatment of domestic wastewater with higher correlation coefficients for Filtralite.Regardless the type of media bed and the type of wastewater,nitrate was completely removed for nitrogen loading rates up to 1.3 g NO3-N/(m2·day).There was no evidence of the influence of nitrate loads on the removal of organic matter.     

人工湿地污染物去除效率稳定性分析——以沈阳市满堂河污水处理中心为例

利用沈阳市满堂河污水处理中心人工湿地8年来运行数据,对人工湿地整体系统和不同功能区的水质净化效果进行了对比分析,结果表明,潜流人工湿地对CODCr的去除效率,在50%～70%;表面流人工湿地对CODCr的去除效率,稳定在20%左右;人工湿地系统整体对悬浮物和氨氮的去除效率保持在50%以上;人工湿地系统对污染物质的去除效率,随着运行时间增加而日趋稳定。     

难生化降解芳香化合物废水的电催化处理

经氟树脂改性的β-PbO₂电极作为新型阳极,对几种含典型难生化降解芳香化合物,苯胺、氯苯、对氯苯酚、对硝基酚的模拟废水进行了电催化降解.结果表明,在0.25A的电流下处理2h,目标有机物去除率达到75%～100%,COD去除率为20%～55%.处理效果:苯胺＞氯苯＞对氯苯酚＞对硝基酚.较高的电流和有机物初始浓度更有利于有机物的降解.检测到了降解的共同中间产物对苯醌、反丁烯二酸、草酸,提出了芳香有机物电催化降解反应的共同历程.     

SAF-化学絮凝-微滤膜组合工艺处理高浓度生活污水的试验研究

采用SAF-化学絮凝-微滤分离膜组合工艺对高浓度生活污水进行处理.SAF处理系统对污染物的去除效果良好,CODCr,BOD5,SS和NH4 -N的去除率分别为92%,93%,90%和98%.SAF生物处理系统的出水再经化学絮凝和微滤分离膜深度处理后,CODCr,BOD5,NH4 -N,PO43--P的浓度分别低于40 mg/L,10mg/L,4mg/L,0.3mg/L;浊度小于0.5NTU,色度小于10度.试验结果表明该组合工艺处理后的污水水质优良,可满足生活杂用和市政杂用.     

铵饱和天然钙型沸石基质人工湿地对模拟养猪废水的处理效能

针对养猪废水中有机污染物和氨氮(NH4+-N)浓度高、悬浮物含量高的特点,采用循环流人工湿地工艺对其进行处理,研究以天然钙型沸石为基质的人工湿地对模拟养猪废水的处理效能。结果表明:历时22个月的高NH4+-N负荷运行,已使人工湿地中的钙型沸石对NH4+-N的吸附达到饱和。在天然钙型沸石填料铵饱和条件下,湿地系统对模拟养猪废水中NH4+-N的处理效果仍可达61%~76%,对TN的去除率可达66%~80%,对CODCr的去除率一直维持在78%~92%之间。     

环渤海盐碱地区模拟生活污水冷冻处理试验

为了探索环渤海地区污水资源化的过程,基于冷冻技术,通过模拟生活污水人工冷冻试验,研究了冷冻温度、污染物初始浓度、机械搅拌等因素对环渤海盐碱地区生活污水冰融水水质的影响,同时考察了人工冷冻试验对含盐生活污水中COD_Cr与NH₃-N处理效果的影响. 结果表明:在-11~-2 ℃的室内人工低温环境中,冷冻法可使污水中COD_Cr与NH₃-N的去除率分别达到80%和85%以上;冷冻温度越低,污水冷冻速率越快,COD_Cr和NH₃-N的去除率越低;污染物浓度越高,污水冰融水水质越差;机械搅拌对污水处理效果的影响不很明显.