成都地区集装箱内部温度-湿度条件研究

某些特殊货物对温度、湿度等环境条件有特殊的要求,特别是集装箱一般为密闭的箱体,其内部环境条件更加恶劣。成都地区具有高温高湿的气候特点,为了保证这些特殊货物在成都地区安全开展集装箱运输,作者在成都地区对集装箱内部温、湿度环境条件及其影响因素即大气环境温度进行了测试,最后运用统计分析方法建立了集装箱内部温度数学模型,得出了内部最恶劣温度范围,从而为特殊货物安全进箱提供理论依据。     

《环境技术》二○○四年总目次

标　　题期号　首页码·环境条件·　　成都地区集装箱内部温度 -湿度条件研究 11　　 2 1世纪的大气腐蚀图景 2 1　　西伯利亚北部石油产地管道腐蚀性损坏的特点 2 7　　我国大陆润湿时间的分布规律 5 1　　格尔木地区集装箱内部温度 -湿度条件研究 5 3　　季节气候条件和暴晒     

气候试验箱内部条件不确定度计算(上)

提供了对温度和湿度气候试验箱内部环境条件进行不确定度分析的方法。首先介绍了测量的不确定度概念,然后讨论容差的意义。考虑到湿度和温度测量是采用确定和合成不确定度。结合校准空载试验箱和有负载试验箱的条件测量的案例。最后,逐条整理成为范本用于分析结果以给出规范的不确定度评估依据。     

气候试验箱内部条件不确定度计算(下)

提供了对温度和湿度气候试验箱内部环境条件进行不确定度分析的方法。首先介绍了测量的不确定度概念,然后讨论容差的意义。考虑到湿度和温度测量是采用确定和合成不确定度。结合校准空载试验箱和有负载试验箱的条件测量的案例。最后,逐条整理成为范本用于分析结果以给出规范的不确定度评估依据。     

电力机车电工电子设备的环境适应性与可靠性

本文侧重分析电力机车主回路系统的环境适应性与可靠性之间的关系,围绕着主要的气候环境参数和机械环境参数进行分析,对各个子系统亦加以阐述.文中以简单示例,对地面车辆使用的电工电子设备通常涉及的振动、冲击、温度、湿度等综合环境条件与系统可靠度作了分析,在提出分析方法的同时,说明了环境适应性对铁路运输安全的重要意义.     

机载外挂产品温度-湿度-高度试验"热干高度"阶段持续时间的剪裁方法

针对机载外挂产品寿命周期环境特点,确定工程型号研制过程中"温度-湿度-高度"鉴定试验条件的制定与剪裁方法。"温度-湿度-高度"鉴定试验是由GJB 150.24A-2009中的"温度-湿度-振动-高度"试验裁剪得到。由于相关国军标对该项试验科目条件的规定在某些情况下会超出产品的实际使用条件,因此基于相关国军标结合产品的实际情况和工程实际进行适应性裁剪,来制定其试验条件和方法,以更加合理的完成鉴定试验的考核。     

不同的生产环境对电机核心零部件的绝缘电阻影响分析

通过对电机核心零部件线圈、轴承进行降尘和恒温恒湿试验,比对试验前后产品绝缘电阻的变化规律,分析灰尘、湿度、温度等生产环境对产品绝缘性的影响,给出合理生产环境条件建议。     

铁路车站仓库温湿度及棚车内温度的测试情况及分析

为了制订《实用环境条件·运输》国家标准,在我国低温和高温地区各选两个车站仓库。对温度和湿度进行了短时间的测试,同时,对棚车内温度也进行了测试。这种测试是属于验证性质。     

常规兵器三综合环境试验技术研究

对温度-湿度-振动综合试验过程中的环境应力故障分析、试验标准剪裁、试验量值确定、试验设备及试验过程、试验结果评定等问题进行分析论述，分析结果对温度-湿度-振动综合试验设备选型和温度-湿度-振动综合试验具有参考价值。     

环境试验箱内的相对湿度测量误差

相对湿度(RH)百分比(％)是环境试验箱操作人员通常要测量的参数之一。实际上,我认为相对湿度无疑仅次于温度。其重要原因是:绝大多数产品都会受湿度影响,因此,在环境试验箱内模拟环境条件,就可研究湿度对材料的老化、变质、密封性或对印刷线路板泄漏的影响。 很遗憾,现在还没有一种你能买到的理想的湿度传感器,用来监视和/或控制你的环境试验箱。所有的传感器均有测量误差,只不过是有些传感器测量误差大,有些传感器测量误差小而已。存在着由非线性、滞后引起的绝对误差,实际上,许多传感器未对照专有的标准器进行校准。此外,还存在因老化、污染和温度系数引起的漂移误差。     

电子装备南海环境适应性改进设计研究

南海地区环境条件非常严酷,某雷达电子装备服役于我国南海某海岛,在保持主要战技指标不变的前提下,针对南海地区高温高湿高盐雾的环境特点重新对雷达进行了环境适应性改进设计研究,在总体、电讯、结构、工艺和军方等的有效协调配合下,其改进设计得到了有效实施,通过试验验证在南海几年来的使用运行,历经高湿热、强盐雾的影响,防护设计效果满足预期设计要求。     

用温湿度仪测定复合材料包装容器透湿度

介绍了采用温湿度仪连续监测的方法测定复合材料包装容器的透湿度,对缩短试验时间,减小测试误差具有参考意义。提出对于复合材料包装容器部分为金属材料的情况,透湿面积的计算方式。     

浅谈如何选择温湿度箱

主要阐述了电子设备应用于不同场所,遇到的各种复杂的环境因素、;如高温、高湿、低温等,这些环境因素的存在将影响电子信息产品的可靠性,本文简要介绍了如何选用温湿度箱。     

Convenience improves composting and recycling rates in high-density residential buildings

Increasing volumes of solid waste, implicated in environmental pollution and health problems, are central to the current environmental crisis. In two randomized field experiments, we demonstrate that convenience dramatically boosts recycling and composting rates in multi-family dwellings and university residences. When compost bins were placed on each floor in a multi-family residence, instead of on the ground floor, composting rates increased by 70%, diverting 27 kilograms of compost from the landfill per unit per year. When recycling stations were placed just meters from suites in student residences, instead of in the basement, recycling increased by 147% (container), and 137% (paper), and composting increased by 139%, diverting 23, 22, and 14 kilograms of containers, paper, and compost, respectively, from the landfill per person per year. Simply making recycling and composting convenient can significantly increase waste diversion, and as such this single intervention has important implications for waste management and environmental policy.     

A standardized approach for estimating the permeability of plastic films to soil fumigants under various field and environmental conditions

Minimizing atmospheric emissions of soil fumigants is critical for protecting human and environmental health. Covering the soil surface with a plastic tarp is a common approach to restrict fumigant emissions. The mass transfer of the fumigant vapors through the tarp is often the rate-limiting factor in fumigant emissions. An approach for standardizing measurements of film permeability is proposed that is based on determining the resistance (R) of films to diffusion of fumigants. Using this approach, values were determined for more than 200 film-chemical combinations under a range of temperature, relative humidity, and film handling conditions. Resistance to diffusion was specific for each fumigant/film combination, with the largest range of values observed for the fumigant chloropicrin. For each fumigant, decreased with increasing temperature. Changes in film permeability due to increases in temperature or field installation were generally less than a factor of five. For one film, values determined under conditions of very high relative humidity (approximately 100%) were at least 100 times lower than when humidity was very low (approximately 2%). This approach simplifies the selection of appropriate films for soil fumigation by providing rapid, reproducible, and precise measurements of their permeability to specific fumigants and application conditions.     

环境试验设备参数测量——温度和湿度试验设备

温度和湿度试验是环境试验中最重要的试验。对温度、湿度试验设备参数的测量,在考虑经济合理和满足规定测量不确定度的情况下,本文阐述测量中的一般要求、测量仪器的选择、提高测量准确度的方法等。     

Nitrate leaching beneath a containerized nursery crop receiving trickle or overhead irrigation

Container production of nursery crops is intensive and a potential source of nitrogen release to the environment. This study was conducted to determine if trickle irrigation could be used by container nursery producers as an alternative to standard overhead irrigation to reduce nitrogen release into the environment. The effect of overhead irrigation and trickle irrigation on leachate nitrate N concentration, flow-weighted nitrate N concentration, leachate volume, and plant growth was investigated using containerized rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. 'Album') supplied with a controlled-release fertilizer and grown outdoors on top of soil-monolith lysimeters. Leachate was collected over two growing seasons and overwinter periods, and natural precipitation was allowed as a component of the system. Precipitation accounted for 69% of the water entering the overhead-irrigated system and 80% of the water entering the trickle-irrigated system. Leachate from fertilized plants exceeded the USEPA limit of 10 mg L(-1) at several times and reached a maximum of 26 mg L(-1) with trickle irrigation. Average annual loss of nitrate N in leachate for fertilized treatments was 51.8 and 60.5 kg ha(-1) for the overhead and trickle treatments, respectively. Average annual flow-weighted concentration of nitrate N in leachate of fertilized plants was 7.2 mg L(-1) for overhead irrigation and 12.7 mg L(-1) for trickle irrigation. Trickle irrigation did not reduce the amount of nitrate N leached from nursery containers when compared with overhead irrigation because precipitation nullified the potential benefits of reduced leaching fractions and irrigation inputs provided under trickle irrigation.     

模拟环境传热性能试验室的研制

试验室由室外、室内构成,外室由空气处理机组模拟户外气候环境,内室配置温度、湿度、风速、热流计等传感器,测量由模拟空气调节器发出的热量,以对流和辐射的方式通过被测件传递到室外的能力。适用欧标、美标和国标试验要求。试验室用于测试各种部件和整体构件的环境传热性能,以减少空调能耗,提高节能水平。     

PRESERVATION OF SAMPLES FOR DISSOLVED MERCURY1

ABSTRACT: Water samples for dissolved mercury require special treatment because of the high chemical mobility and volatility of this element. Widespread use of mercury and its compounds has provided many avenues for contamination of water. Two laboratory tests were done to determine the relative permeabilities of glass and plastic sample bottles to mercury vapor. Plastic containers were confirmed to be quite permeable to airborne mercury, glass containers were virtually impermeable. Methods of preservation include the use of various combinations of acids, oxidants, and complexing agents. The combination of nitric acid and potassium dichromate successfully preserved mercury in a large variety of concentrations and dissolved forms. Because this acid-oxidant preservative acts as a sink for airborne mercury and plastic containers are permeable to mercury vapor, glass bottles are preferred for sample collection. To maintain a healthy work environment and minimize the potential for contamination of water samples, mercury and its compounds are isolated from the atmosphere while in storage. Concurrently, a program to monitor environmental levels of mercury vapor in areas of potential contamination is needed to define the extent of mercury contamination and to assess the effectiveness of mercury clean-up procedures.