共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 562 毫秒
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南京市环境监测中心站在全国率先开展空气质量周报,之后又开展了空气质量日报,向市民公布空气质量状况,使环境监测成果走向社会,服务于百姓,增强了全社会的环境保护意识,提高了市民关心环境,保护环境的自觉性,并推动了空气污染防治工作,促进了环境监测工作,体现了 相似文献
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介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施,阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法,指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定,分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识,加大了治理污染的力度,转变了环境监测的职能,促进了环境监测事业的发展 相似文献
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本文综述了污泥处理与处置技术的现状,总结了该领域内新技术的应用,展望了污泥处理与处置技术的发展趋势,并提出了相关建议。 相似文献
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本文应用模糊数学中贴近度的概念对乌鲁木齐市的地面水和大气环境质量进行了综合评价的尝试,较详细地介绍了该法计算步骤,最后得出的评价结果与指数法的评价结果进行了比较,讨论了几种评价方法的优缺点。 相似文献
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Kahnert M Lazaridis M Tsyro S Torseth K 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(7):646-655
The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) has been established to provide information to Parties to the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution on deposition and concentration of air pollutants, as well as on the quantity and significance of long-range transmission of pollutants and transboundary fluxes. To achieve its objectives with the required scientific credibility and technical underpinning, a close integration of the programme's main elements is performed. These elements are emission inventories, chemical transport modelling, and the monitoring of atmospheric chemistry and deposition fluxes, which further are integrated towards abatement policy development. A critical element is the air pollution monitoring that is performed across Europe with a focus not only on health effect aspects and compliance monitoring, but also on process studies and source receptor relationships. Without a strong observational basis a predictive modelling capacity cannot be developed and validated. Thus the modelling success strongly depends on the quality and quantity of available observations. Particulate matter (PM) is a relatively recent addition to the EMEP monitoring programme, and the network for PM mass observations is still evolving. This article presents the current status of EMEP aerosol observations, followed by a critical evaluation in view of EMEP's main objectives and its model development requirements. Specific recommendations are given for improving the PM monitoring programme within EMEP. 相似文献
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The article describes a method for screening for the risk of chronic surface water pollution which was developed at the T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute. The approach, which is based on exotoxicological analyses, can be classed as a rapid method of assessment. The degree of risk of chronic effects surface water pollution is determined from an evaluation of two major parameters—toxicity and genotoxicity. As the method utilizes relative simple procedures for sample collection, pretreatment of the sample, chemical analyses, bioassays and results assessment, this approach is suitable for widespread practical use. Extensive utilization of this approach for assessing river basins in the Czech Republic has proved its suitability for a more sophisticated detection of the biological impact of surface water pollution. This is documented in the article where the method is used in a study of the Bílina River, and in the overview of the results of the risk assessment of chronic effects of surface water pollution in selected sections of three international river basins in the Czech Republic. 相似文献
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In many situations, the effect of a toxic chemical on a biological system depends on both the intensity and the duration of exposure. The dependence on the time dimension can be the expression of a range of processes including the physical accumulation of toxic chemicals or their metabolites and the functional accumulation of damage. Measures and functions that have been used to describe this dependence are reviewed.Some of these functions are compared through a case study of the neurotoxicity of methylmercury. Use is made of data that indicates a dependency between the blood concentration at which monkeys were exposed and the length of time before damage was detected. Several exposure functions are fitted to these data and their appropriateness is compared. Using the most appropriate function, an exposure-response relationship is developed using probit analysis. An alternative data analysis procedure is also investigated. The apparent threshold after a 100 day exposure is estimated to be greater by a factor of 3–5 compared to the threshold for chronic exposure. Applying this factor to man, the blood concentration threshold for chronic exposure is estimated to be 40–170 ppb, a finding consistent with recent reports of neurological damage in humans exposed below the generally accepted threshold. 相似文献
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Josep Maria Serra Jordi Cristobal Miquel Ninyerola 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(1):77-89
Environmental classification addresses issues involving the representation and analysis of continuous and variable ecological
data. This study creates a methodology to define topo-climatic landscapes (TCL) in the north-west of Catalonia, which is situated
in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. TCL provide data regarding the ecological behavior of a landscape in terms of
its topography, physiognomy, and climate, which are the main drivers of an ecosystem. The variables selected are derived from
a variety of different sources, such as remote sensing and climatic atlases. The methodology employed combines unsupervised
iterative cluster classification with supervised fuzzy classification. Twenty eight TCL, which can be differentiated in terms
of their vegetation physiognomy and vegetation altitudinal range type, were selected for the study area. Furthermore, a hierarchy
among the TCL is established which permits the merging of clusters and allows for changes in thematic resolution. By using
the topo-climatic landscape map, managers can identify patches with similar environmental conditions and at the same time
assess the uncertainty involved in classification. 相似文献
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A multi-level pesticide assessment methodology has been developed to permit regulatory personnel to undertake a variety of assessments on the potential for pesticide used in agricultural areas to contaminate the groundwater regime at an increasingly detailed geographical scale of investigation. A multi-level approach accounts for a variety of assessment objectives and detail required in the assessment, the restrictions on the availability and accuracy of data, the time available to undertake the assessment, and the expertise of the decision maker. The level 1: regional scale is designed to prioritize districts having a potentially high risk for groundwater contamination from the application of a specific pesticide for a particular crop. The level 2: local scale is used to identify critical areas for groundwater contamination, at a soil polygon scale, within a district. A level 3: soil profile scale allows the user to evaluate specific factors influencing pesticide leaching and persistence, and to determine the extent and timing of leaching, through the simulation of the migration of a pesticide within a soil profile. Because of the scale of investigation, limited amount of data required, and qualitative nature of the assessment results, the level 1 and level 2 assessment are designed primarily for quick and broad guidance related to management practices. A level 3 assessment is more complex, requires considerably more data and expertise on the part of the user, and hence is designed to verify the potential for contamination identified during the level 1 or 2 assessment. The system combines environmental modelling, geographical information systems, extensive databases, data management systems, expert systems, and pesticide assessment models, to form an environmental information system for assessing the potential for pesticides to contaminate groundwater. 相似文献
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Ordinal time series model for forecasting air quality index for ozone in Southern California 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sung Eun Kim 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2017,22(2):175-182
Air quality index (AQI) for ozone is currently divided into six states depending on the level of public health concern. Generalized linear type modeling is a convenient and effective way to handle the AQI state, which can be characterized as non-stationary ordinal-valued time series. Various link functions which include cumulative logit, cumulative probit, and complimentary log-log are considered, and the partial maximum likelihood method is used for estimation. For a comparison purpose, the identity link, which yields a multiple regression model on the cumulative probabilities, is also considered. Random time-varying covariates include past AQI states, various meteorological processes, and periodic components. For model selection and comparison, the partial likelihood ratio tests, AIC and SIC are used. The proposed models are applied to 3 years of daily AQI ozone data from a station in San Bernardino County, CA. An independent year-long data from the same station are used to evaluate the performance of day-ahead forecasts of AQI state. The results show that the logit and probit models remove the non-stationarity in residuals, and both models successfully forecast day-ahead AQI states with almost 90 % of the chance. 相似文献
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Sarah K. Jacobi Charles S. ReVelle Robert L. Pressey Justin C. Williams 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(2):91-103
We examine the irreplaceability of sites in the context of the species set covering problem and the maximal covering species
problem. We show that a succession of 0-1 programming problems can be solved to quickly determine the set of irreplaceable
sites. For the widely available Oregon data set, we find a general lack of trend in the number of irreplaceable sites with
the number of sites available for selection used. Moreover, we observe that irreplaceability at one level of resource may
not be a predictor of irreplaceability at a higher or a lower level of resource. Finally, we investigate the economic value
of irreplaceable sites by trial removals of those sites.
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Charles S. ReVelle. 相似文献
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This paper presents a transport spatial decision support model (TSDSM) for carrying out the optimization of green routes for city logistics centers. The TSDSM model is based on the integration of the multi-criteria method of Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and the modified Dijkstra algorithm within a geographic information system (GIS). The GIS is used for processing spatial data. The proposed model makes it possible to plan routes for green vehicles and maximize the positive effects on the environment, which can be seen in the reduction of harmful gas emissions and an increase in the air quality in highly populated areas. The scheduling of delivery vehicles is given as a problem of optimization in terms of the parameters of: the environment, health, use of space and logistics operating costs. Each of these input parameters was thoroughly examined and broken down in the GIS into criteria which further describe them. The model presented here takes into account the fact that logistics operators have a limited number of environmentally friendly (green) vehicles available. The TSDSM was tested on a network of roads with 127 links for the delivery of goods from the city logistics center to the user. The model supports any number of available environmentally friendly or environmentally unfriendly vehicles consistent with the size of the network and the transportation requirements. 相似文献