"十一五"资源综合利用指导意见

为促进循环经济发展，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，国家发展和改革委员会于2006年12月24日发布了《“十一五”资源综合利用指导意见》（以下简称《指导意见》）。《指导意见》在分析我国资源综合利用现状的基础上，提出了2010年资源综合利用目标、重点领域、重点工程和保障措施。这是我国“十一五”期间资源综合利用工作的指导性文件，也是引导投资及决策重大项目的依据。全文如下。[编者按]     

资源加科技石头变"金子"--西部资源开发,民企可为

西部大开发的实质就是西部资源大开发。要使西部资源开发取得预期的效果,就必须切实转变观念,摒弃重第二产业、轻第一产业和第三产业,重国家垄断、轻民营资本的传统观念,积极鼓励更多的民营企业介入资源开发领域。通过扶持优势民营企业在资源开发领域的发展,以优势企业为依托,进行存量资产调整或上新项目,是解决目前已步入困境的“四矿”（矿业、矿区、矿山、矿城）问题的重要途径。     

以市场机制来配置城市"办节"资源

“文化搭台、经济唱戏”,办好城市重要节庆活动,已经成为城市招商引资和促进城市经济发展的一大重要举措。但是,如何改变过去城市政府以行政指令来配置节庆资源和安排节日活动,真正采用市场机制来配置办节资源,以较低的办节成本获得较高的办节效应,实现社会效益与经济效益的“双赢”,是值得政府深入研究和认真解决的重要课题。     

Transaction Costs Economics of Irreplaceability: <Emphasis Type="Italic">ex ante</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">ex post</Emphasis> Evaluation of Conservation Networks’ Vulnerability to Environmental Shocks

The theoretical concept, “asset specificity,” is applied to real data in the context of Danish nature conservation network planning in order to produce illustrative examples of an economic measure of the network’s vulnerability to exogenous shocks to the species composition. Three different measures of asset specificity are quantified from the shadow value of eliminating a key species from the individual grid cells. This represents a novel approach and a different interpretation of the term, as it is conventionally used as a qualitative indicator in the transaction cost economics literature. Apart from supplementing existing cost measures with an indicator of risk associated with investments in protected areas, this study demonstrates how the estimation and interpretation of various asset specificity measures for geographical areas may qualify policy makers’ choice of policy instrument in conservation planning. This differs from the more intuitive approach of basing policy instrument choice solely on the rarity of the species in a given area.     

"生态优先"原则指导下的南沙湿地资源开发利用与保护

南沙由于其优越的地理位置和丰富的资源,对于广州的发展有着重要的战略作用.南沙开发规划提出了＂生态优先＂的原则,以实现经济与生态保护的双赢.在介绍了生态优先原则内涵的基础上,提出生态优先的实现要依据生态调查结果,评价生态价值并进行生态规划.以此为思路,对南沙湿地资源开发利用生态优先的实现进行了探讨,认为可以通过绝对生态优先与相对生态优先两个角度来实现,根据不同的优先程度提出建立保护区、提高科技与管理水平、适度开发利用等.     

Assessment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gmelina arborea</Emphasis> sawdust–cement-bonded rainwater storage tank

The performance of a mixture of a forest bye product and cement for the production of storage structure for harvested rainwater was assessed. Three mix ratios of Cement: Gmelina arborea sawdust 3.0:1.0 (specimen A), 2.5:1.0 (specimen B) and 2.0:1.0 (specimen C) were considered. Engineering properties and dimensional stability of the different mix-ratios were monitored from prototypes cylindrical pots and test billet specimens. Possible change in quality of stored rainwater, with time was monitored in all the three cases. Water quality parameters monitored include pH, hardness, total suspended solids, alkalinity, acidity and total dissolved CO₂. The tensile stress obtained were 110, 104, and 95 N/mm², while the compressive strength were 5,000, 3,000, and 2,000 kN for specimens A, B and C respectively. Accelerated aging test showed that sample A were more resistant to deformation, while specimen C were more susceptible to change in structure over time. Similarly, the values of tensile and compressive strength after accelerated aging test increased in the order of specimen A > B > C. Except in specimen C where significant differences in alkalinity and acidity were observed, there were no significant differences in quality of the water stored in the pots after 2 months of storage. The results indicate the suitability of the Gmelina arborea waste as an alternative in constructing water storage structures in rural communities.     

解读:"三步走"战略确保生物物种资源有效保护与合理利用

世间万物息息相关,一个物种的灭亡会引发不可预料的多米诺效应,就像电影《蝴蝶效应》一样,谁都无法断定某个生物种群的灭绝,会对人类的生存产生什么样的影响。所以,人类必须要有效保护并合理利用生物物种资源。这是人类生存和社会发展的基础,也是国民经济可持续发展的战略性资源。我国是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,但由于对生物物种资源的过度开发、外来物种的引进、环境污染、气候变化等原因,我国生物物种资源丧失和流失情况严重。为此,国家环保总局联合生物物种资源保护部际联席会议16个成员单位共同编制了《全国生物物种资源保护与利用规划纲要》(以下简称《纲要》),以进一步加强生物物种资源保护,扭转生物物种资源管理面临的被动局面,并在保护的基础上,推进生物物种资源的可持续利用。     

雨水资源与雨水资源的评价

本文论述了雨水资源和目前世界各地雨水利用的概况,提出了家庭用水和农业用水雨水资源评价的计算方法。     

湿地资源保护与生态旅游资源的开发利用

通过对一个生态旅游开发项目规划设计的初步探讨,简要地论述了湿地资源保护与生态旅游开发是相辅相成的,两者的协调发展可以促进区域社会、经济及环境的共同发展.     

资源的综合利用

以纸代木新型复合板 一、成果简介 本专利发明的产品是一种加工方便,制作成本低,承载能力强,抗弯曲力强的多层纸芯板材。利用本专利的发明方案,可以生产多种材料复合的,以废纸原料做纸芯的高强度复合板。 本产品经特殊处理后,并有阻燃,抗水等性能。可用做建筑业装饰板、隔墙、天花板、地板、活动房等。也可以做包装箱、家俱、货架、卫生棺、大型展板等。 　　本产品的创新特点是产品设计合理,充分利用力学原理,发挥原料的使用价值,用低档原料生产高档高附加值产品。生产过程无污染,生产用水封闭循环使用,属环保型产品。开发…     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Laudato sì</Emphasis> and the New Paradigm of Catholic Environmental Ethics: Reflections on Environmentalist Movements in Italy

This article explores certain aspects related to the environmental ethical message in the Encyclical Letter Laudato si, written in 2015 by Pope Francis, leader of the Catholic Church, and compares them to recent Green party political movements in Italy. Italy offers a unique case study in that the religious background of the country acts as an independent variable with respect to the social acceptance of current environmental issues. The ethical message in Laudato sì is compared to recent debates on the moral responsibility of the individual and/or institution towards environmental problems; a range of responsibilities assumed by institutions versus individuals with regards to environmental problems are analyzed. In conclusion, parallels are made between the abovementioned ethical debate and the ethical contents of the Encyclical Letter.     

药用动植物资源的开发与资源效益的探讨

药用动植物资源是生活在自然生态系统中对人类有用的生物资源,在人类防治疾病和提高健康水平方面具有重要的作用。据统计,全世界与动物和植物等天然产物有关的药物已超过药物总数的70％。实践使人们认识到,从药用动植物和其它天然药物中寻找新药确是一种有效的途径;因此,如何开发利用药用动植物资源最合理、最经济,就成为药用动植物资源开发利用中的一个重要问题。