造纸废水的电离辐射预处理工艺研究

造纸废水是我国污染最为严重的难降解工业废水之一,研究了电离辐射处理造纸废水的可行性,探讨了混凝、辐照以及混凝-辐照组合工艺对废纸造纸废水的COD、BOD<,5>、吸光度、DOC以及有机物相对分子质量分布的影响.实验发现,造纸废水的COD主要是由相对分子质量<3 000的有机物构成,相对分子质量为1 000～3 000的...     

Fenton化学氧化法深度处理精细化工废水

根据某精细化工厂的废水经过长时间的厌氧-好氧生化处理,难以进一步生物降解的特点,采用Fenton试剂进行高级氧化处理。通过实验探讨了不同的H2O2和Fe2+浓度、反应时间、pH等因素对二级生化出水COD去除率的影响。在H2O2投加量为18mmol/L,FeSO·47H2O投加量为12mmol/L,反应时间1.5h,废水的pH=4的条件下,二级生化出水的COD去除率达到82.61%,降到100mg/L以内,达到国家一级排放标准。     

微电解预处理提高酒精废水可生化性的试验研究

经厌氧生物处理后的酒精废水COD浓度为 650 0mg/L ,B/C比 0 .33 ,可生化性较低。为了改善该废水的可生化性 ,提高后续好氧处理效果 ,将酒精废水消化液进行铁屑—活性炭微电解预处理。结果表明 ,该废水COD去除率达 50 %左右 ,其B/C比提高为 0 .55左右 ,提升幅度高达 67% ,为后续好氧处理创造了有利条     

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%-35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%-47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂^--N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃^--N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.     

基于活性污泥模型的污水COD组分划分方案研究

活性污泥数学模型(ASM)在污水处理厂的成功应用与进水组分的正确划分密切相关.从标准化和定量化的角度利用3个批式试验开发了COD组分划分方案及Matlab计算程序.该方案在上海2个污水处理厂的测定结果表明,曲阳污水厂进水COD中含有8.1%±1.6%的易生物降解组分SS、6.3%±2.2%的溶解性惰性组分SI、45.5%±3.5%的慢速生物降解组分XS、31.1%±2.1%的颗粒性惰性组分XI和9.0%±1.1%的异养菌组分XH.而白龙港污水厂进水COD中含有11.1%±2.2%的SS、9.9%±2.0%的SI、38.9%±10.7%的XS、23.3%±9.8%的XI和16.9%±1.8%的XH.与曲阳污水厂相比,白龙港污水厂进水COD中XS和XI含量偏低,而XH/COD值则明显偏高,表明长距离管道输送会显著影响COD组分浓度.     

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺–N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻–N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.     

微电解/A/O工艺处理浆纱废水的试验研究

研究采用微电解/A/O工艺处理浆纱废水。试验结果表明:经过微电解处理后的废水可生化性得到明显改善;经过系统处理后,出水COD和BOD5浓度分别为126 mg/L和42 mg/L,COD和BOD5的总去除率分别达到94.5%和73.8%,出水符合国家污水综合排放标准。     

水解(酸化)-缺氧-好氧固定床生物膜系统处理焦化废水的试验研究

用内填ＹＤＴ弹性立体填料的水解（酸化）－缺氧－好氧固定床生物膜系统焦化废水。结果：当进水ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ浓度分别为１０６５ｍｇ／Ｌ和２５３ｍｇ／Ｌ,系统水力停留时间（ＨＲＴ）为３３．５ｈ,混合液回流比为３．６时,出水ＣＯＤ约为１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３－Ｎ为５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的去除率分别达８３％和９８％。     

响应面法优化Fenton预处理精细化工废水

甘肃省某精细化工企业实际生产废水成分复杂、有机物含量高、可生化性差,为满足后续生化工艺需求,急需开展适宜的预处理技术研究.采用Fenton氧化工艺对该企业废水进行预处理,在单因素试验基础上,以初始pH、H₂O₂投加量、n（H₂O₂）:n（Fe2+）、反应时间为考察因素,COD_Cr去除效果为响应值,构建响应曲面模型,分析4个独立因素及各因素之间的交互作用对COD_Cr去除效果的影响;同时,对反应过程进行表观反应动力学分析,采用紫外光谱及傅立叶变换红外光谱分析废水有机物结构变化,探究该反应过程机理.结果表明:①废水预处理的最佳工艺条件为初始pH 4、H₂O₂投加量8 mL/L、n（H₂O₂）:n（Fe2+）12、反应时间88 min,废水COD_Cr去除率达30.15%;模型的实际运行结果与预测值接近,模型可靠.②Fenton氧化降解该精细化工废水中有机物途径复杂,难以通过单一的底物模型进行拟合.③Fenton氧化能有效降解废水中不饱和有机物,但出水中仍含有酰胺类、不饱和醛类和芳香类化合物.研究显示,Fenton预处理能有效降解废水中难降解有机物,但出水仍未达到后续生化处理要求,还需进一步优化或与其他预处理工艺组合.      

臭氧-曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理石化二级出水的试验研究

采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池组合工艺对石化废水厂二级出水进行深度处理,系统探讨了pH值对臭氧氧化单元的影响,组合工艺对废水中COD、UV254的去除效果,对废水中有机物相对分子质量分布以及荧光物质含量的影响.结果表明,在臭氧投加量为10 mg·L-1,接触时间为4 min,pH值偏碱性时,臭氧预氧化石化二级出水效果较好.臭氧氧化能将大分子有机物转化为小分子物质,使得相对分子质量小于1 000的有机物比例增加约15%,有效提高了废水的可生化性,有利于后续曝气生物滤池的运行.在曝气生物滤池的停留时间为3 h,气水比为3∶1时,组合工艺对COD、UV254的去除率分别达到40.8%和45.8%.在最佳运行条件下,进水平均COD为86.5 mg·L-1时,组合工艺出水平均COD为49.4 mg·L-1.     

水葫芦气囊预处理黄姜皂素废水的实验研究

研究了利用水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipe)的气囊对皂素生产废水进行预处理的效果.对比实验结果表明:干燥的水葫芦气囊在吸附处理综合皂素废水8h后氯离子浓度降低10%,色度降低97.2%,pH值从1.09升高到1.26左右,COD降低率为20%.经水葫芦预处理吸附后皂素废水可生化性提高,厌氧反应产气速率提高1.5倍左右,有利于皂素废水的后续生化处理.经过吸附处理后的水葫芦气囊自身的产气效率也有所提高,为提高水葫芦堆肥的效果提供了一定实验依据.     

Enhanced nitrogen removal upon the addition of volatile fatty acids from activated sludge by combining calcium peroxide and low-thermal pretreatments

This study investigated a combined low-thermal and CaO₂ pretreatment to enhance the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The fermentative product was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an external carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal. The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved WAS solubilization, releasing more biodegradable substrates, such as proteins and polysaccharides, from TB-EPS to LB-EPS and S-EPS. The maximum VFA production of 3529 ± 188 mg COD/L was obtained in the combined pretreatment (0.2 g CaO₂/g VS + 70 °C for 60 min), which was 2.1 and 1.4-fold of that obtained from the sole low-thermal pretreatment and the control test, respectively. Consequently, when the fermentative liquid was added as an external denitrification carbon source, the effluent total nitrogen decreased to Class A of the discharge standard for pollutants in rural wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China.     

造纸废水二级生化出水的电离辐射深度处理

探讨了采用电离辐射对造纸废水二级生化出水进行深度处理的可行性.结果表明,二级生化出水主要由相对分子质量为1000～3000和3000以上的有机物组成,它们对COD的贡献分别为69.5%和6.9%,它们对溶解性有机质（DOC）的贡献分别为40.6%和31.6%.电离辐射促使废水中的一些大分子有机物向小分子有机物转化,相对...     

活性污泥-接触氧化法处理印染废水

采用活性污泥 接触氧化法处理印染废水 ,取得了满意效果。在低温季节半年多的工程运行中 ,进水平均CODCr浓度为 5 67± 40 0mg L ,平均色度为 416± 3 7 1倍时 ,出水平均CODCr浓度 79 7± 6 0mg L ,去除率为 84 1± 1 7% ;平均色度 5 2 8± 4 0倍 ,去除率为 85 2± 1 3 % (置信度为 95 % )。处理成本低 ,仅为 0 79元 m3,污泥产量小 ,管理方便     

某制药废水对发光细菌急性毒性的评价研究

采用发光细菌法测试某制药厂废水处理站工艺流程中5个节点废水的急性毒性.地下调节池水样EC50为3.44%,TUa为29,LID为625,为极强/高毒废水;地上调节池水样EC50为2.46%,TUa为41,LID为244,为极强/高毒废水;中间沉淀池水样EC50大于100%,LID=10,毒性较弱;二级沉淀池和总排放出口的废水EC50均大于100%,且LID均为1,无毒性.结果表明,现有处理工艺流程有效降低了制药废水对发光细菌的急性毒性,总排出口废水对发光细菌已经没有可见的生物毒性,达到相关制药废水排放标准.同时发现,低浓度废水对发光细菌的发光度不但没有抑制,反而有一定的增强作用.     

高浓度食品添加剂废水中试研究

根据食品添加剂废水水质变化大,成分复杂特点,提出了"水解酸化—接触氧化—臭氧催化氧化—曝气生物滤池(BAF)"的组合工艺。废水COD从进水2000～7000mg/L降到100mg/L以下,最低为33mg/L,排放水质达到国家排放标准。水解酸化系统使废水平均COD从5290mg/L降到2323mg/L,并使大颗粒难降解分子部分转化为小颗粒可降解分子,为后续的接触氧化系统处理提供良好的条件,接触氧化出水平均COD为268mg/L。接触氧化出水含较多难生物降解有机物,经O3氧化预处理后在COD下降45%的情况下其BOD5/COD由0.3升为0.44,更易于生化降解。废水经曝气生物滤池平均出水COD为66mg/L。中试研究表明,水解酸化系统和臭氧催化氧化(负载MnO2的陶粒为催化剂)-曝气生物滤池深度处理系统是该工艺处理高浓度废水稳定达标的关键。     

柠檬酸盐强化UV/Fenton-生物法处理乳化油废水

以乳化油配水为对象, 研究了柠檬酸盐扩大UV/Fenton工艺的适用pH值范围与强化出水可生化性及与活性污泥法联用的效果.结果表明,柠檬酸盐可将UV/Fenton法的适用pH值范围扩大至4~8,且能提高UV/Fenton处理出水的可生化性.UV/Fenton处理后,原水BOD5/COD由0.02提高到0.32,投加1.0mmol/L柠檬酸钠后提高至0.53. UV/Fenton处理与经1.0mmol/L柠檬酸钠强化UV/Fenton处理出水经8h生物处理,COD去除率分别为78.7%,96.0%.柠檬酸钠浓度从0增加至1.0mmol/L时,经UV/Fenton处理过的出水再经生物处理出水的COD由293mg/L降低至48mg/L;继续增大时,COD基本保持不变.柠檬酸钠强化UV/Fenton处理可扩大pH值范围,改善废水的可生化性.     

活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机物的吸附及影响因素研究

垃圾渗滤液经预处理后与城市污水混合进行生物处理是较为有效的方法,但垃圾渗滤液中含大量难降解有机物,严重影响了城镇污水处理厂出水COD.因此,需强化垃圾渗滤液预处理过程,使其适用于生物处理.本研究采用活性焦吸附某垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液,发现活性焦对垃圾渗滤液中COD、色度、恶臭、TOC、TN等均具有良好的处理效果.通过对吸附性能的影响因素研究发现,活性焦种类、投加量、p H和吸附时间均会影响吸附效果,最佳活性焦投加量为20 g·L~(-1),酸性条件更有利于吸附,渗滤液中COD的去除主要发生在吸附过程的前1 h.活性焦吸附可提高垃圾渗滤液的可生化性,主要吸附垃圾渗滤液中难降解芳香族大分子有机物,其中,对溶解性有机物中疏水性有机酸组分的吸附效果最佳,使其出水适用于生物处理,从而保证污水处理厂COD可以稳定达标排放.     

DNBP生产废水处理工艺探讨

4,6二硝基邻仲丁基苯酚(DNBP)生产过程产生的废水,采用化学与生物处理组合工艺,结合生产实际,分流治理,使DNBP得以充分的回收。纳米TiO2负载活性炭、臭氧催化氧化,降低COD、增加废水的可生化性。针对废水中的可溶性有机物,培养特效菌群生化处理,出水稳定,达国家二级排放标准。