Investigation of the toxicity of the products of decoloration of Amaranth by Trametes versicolor

Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application.     

随机规划在泵站树状给水管网优化中的应用

泵站树状给水管网流量具有随机性,而这种随机性变化会直接影响管网的建设费用和动力费用.针对这-特点,应用随机规划原理,建立泵站树状给水管网机会约束模型,编写基于随机模拟的遗传算法程序求解该模型.机会约束模型能较客观地反映该管网的实际工况,使优化设计结果更符合实际.     

山东省环境经济系统地域分异研究

环境保护与经济发展相协调,是人类社会持续发展的必由之路.环境经济系统是由环境子系统和经济子系统耦合而成的复合大系统.在用系统论对环境经济系统进行结构分析的基础上,采用主成分分析法和加法合成原理,对山东省17地市环境经济系统进行综合分析和类型划分,并从地域差异角度提出了分区特点及今后的发展建议,以期为山东省环境经济系统高水平协调发展提供决策依据.     

城镇化建设中乡村环境保护关键点分析

城镇化是推动我国经济社会发展的重要动力,在高速发展的同时,带来大量污染排放,威胁乡村环境质量与可持续发展。在对乡村生态环境问题剖析的基础上,从战略、实施、方式等层面探索解决思路,围绕科学规划、发展方式、基础建设、管理机制、宣传教育等方面分析关键点,加强乡村环境保护,保障城镇化建设健康发展,为促进农村农业持续发展提供持久动力。     

A method for prediction of extent of microbial pollution of seawater and carrying capacity of beaches

The increase in the number of tourists visiting a coast is desired by most of the countries for economic reasons. However, this increase in tourism may cause pollution of the sea. This can be only avoided by proper planning and by predicting the carrying capacity of the coast in terms of sea pollution. This is especially important for developing countries where part of the wastewater is discharged without any treatment into the sea.In the present study the beaches were classified according to their use — and consequently the amount of waste discharged into the sea — into four groups: (1) coasts that are used only for swimming and recreational purposes; (2) coasts used simultaneously for dwelling, swimming, and recreational purposes; (3) coasts along which only dwellings exist; and (4) natural and man-made harbors, i.e., coasts used as shelters. During the survey,40,320 observations were made between December 1985 and February 1988 to determine the effect of the number of tourists on seawater quality. The results obtained were analyzed by a multilinear regression program to obtain an empirical equation giving the extent of the sea pollution in terms of coliform concentration as a function of population density and some other environmental factors.The equations derived in this study enable the determination of the carrying capacity of a beach in terms of pollution as well as the expected degree of pollution corresponding to a given population density. Furthermore, it allows the prediction of the extra carrying capacity that can be obtained by improving the waste-disposal conditions.     

合肥市黄山路信息产业专门化街区的构成与演化

阐释了信息产业专门化街区的内涵,结合对合肥市黄山路信息产业专门化街区构成要素的分类及其邻近度的分析,分别从空间结构演化、景观演化、功能演化三方面阐述了合肥市黄山路由"电子一条街"向"信息产业专门化街区"的总体演化阶段,探讨了信息产业专门化街区的未来发展趋势。     

铬渣湿法解毒技术

正由河南金谷实业发展有限公司开发的铬渣湿法解毒技术,适用于铬渣及铬污染物处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理将铬渣或含铬污染物湿化研磨后,利用酸性介质将其中的酸溶性六价铬、水溶性六价铬完全转移至液相中,然后再投入还原药剂将液相中的六价铬还原至三价铬,并沉淀固定在工艺残渣中,实现铬渣及含铬污染物的无害化处置。二、技术关键全过程采用湿式液相处置工艺,用较大量的酸和还原剂,使酸溶和水溶六价铬全部还原。典型规模处理量500t/d。     

复合固定化法固定化微生物技术在污水生物处理中的研究应用

复合固定化法固定化微生物技术由于具有许多传统固定化微生物技术所没有的特点和优势,得到了越来越多的研究和应用.本文就复合固定化法固定化微生物技术的内涵进行了综述,对复合固定化法在污水生物处理中的实际应用做了研究比较,对新型复合载体的开发和复合固定化微生物技术今后的发展提出了建议.     

燃煤二氧化硫控制技术应用概况

由燃煤引起的二氧化硫污染已成为大气环境中最主要的污染因子。为解决这个问题，我国结合国外的技术成果，进行了各种脱硫技术的研究。介绍了各种治理技术应用情况，并结合实际经验对其中应注意的问题给予评述。     

资源丰度的定量计算

提出了一种通用的定量计算方法,即用规范化指数表示各地区的资源丰度,用“度”作为资源丰度的计量单位。指数表示法计算的资源丰度值实现了资源丰度在可比尺度上的综合评价。它概念明确,简单易行,具有可比性和可传递性,从理论和应用方面来说都具有许多优点。     

高职院校环境专业就业情况调查——以中国环境管理干部学院2014届毕业生为例

采用资料收集、实地调研、调查问卷等方法,对环境保护领域人才需求情况以及岗位知识技能的要求、环境专业毕业生的就业意向进行调查和分析。结果表明,企业对高职环保人才需求量较大,环保人员应具备的素质以分析问题能力和沟通能力为主;高职院校环境专业毕业生对目前环境保护行业就业形势认识清楚,对就业单位的环保人才素质需求分析正确,但求职过程中存在目标设定偏高等问题,因此,从课程设置、教学方法和就业指导方面提出措施。     

应用三种不同处理方法消解土壤的研究

本文采用3种不同的消解方法对环境土壤标准物质ESS-2和ESS-3进行处理,火焰原子分光光度法分别测定其中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)元素的含量.3种消解方法为:电热板消解法、微波消解法和全自动消解法.分析测定结果探讨这3种消解方法的优缺点,以期获得最经济实效的消解手段.实验证明:微波消解法操作简便快捷、赶酸时间短、无污粢、准确度高、精密度好,因此提高了工作效率.     

Comparative study of the heats of absorption of post-combustion CO2 absorbents

Heats of absorption of CO₂ with different solvents were measured in this work in a commercially available reaction calorimeter CPA-122 (Chemisens AS, Sweden) as function of temperature, loading and solvent composition over the temperature range from 40 to 120 °C. Studied amines include primary amines (monoethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol), tertiary amines (N-methyldiethanolamine and N,N-diethylethanolamine), diamines (1-(2-aminoethyl)-aminoethanol and N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine), triamine (diethylenetriamine), and cyclic amine (piperazine). Combinations of these amines and also mixtures of potassium carbonate and piperazine were tested. Experimental heats of absorption of CO₂ with these systems are compared.     

区域环境污染造成的经济损失估算——以银川市为例

通过研究银川市的环境监测资料、国民经济统计资料等,借鉴与银川市实际情况比较符合的参数,运用人力资本法、市场价值法、土地价值损失法、收益还原法、机会成本法等环境经济学方法,以2009年为例估算了大气污染、水污染、固体废弃物污染、噪声污染对银川市造成的经济损失。初步估算出银川市2009年因环境污染造成的直接经济损失为45.279亿元,环境污染状况严峻,城市环境保护成为银川市经济可持续发展的基础。     

资源性供给紧约束条件下居民消费模式的构建

人类社会从农业文明时代的崇俭消费模式到工业文明时代的高消费、浪费型消费、过度消费等不合理消费模式的发展过程中产生了严重的全球性环境污染和破坏,能源、土地、淡水等资源性产品供给日益趋紧约束.生态文明型消费模式所具有的适度消费、公平消费和责任消费等内在规定性及其发挥的重要作用说明它是资源性供给紧约束条件下有利于能源资源节约和生态环境保护的居民消费模式.为了适应21世纪生态文明时代人与自然和谐发展的客观要求,突破消费增长、经济发展与资源性供给紧约束之间的发展困境要求我们必须从政府、企业和消费者等三个层面构建生态文明型消费模式.     

多种壁纸的电波穿透损耗测量

目前,广泛应用的壁纸已成为影响室内分布式系统覆盖的重要因素。针对不同壁纸材料的穿透损耗测试数据匮乏的问题,采用屏蔽室开窗法对0.831~2.661 GHz频段上无线通信常用频点电磁波通过不同种类壁纸材料的穿透损耗进行测量。测量材料包括金箔壁纸、银箔壁纸、PVC壁纸和纯纸壁纸。其中银箔壁纸在某频点上有超过40 d B的穿透损耗。测试结果表明,对于不同壁纸的电波穿透损耗,材料是影响穿透损耗的本质原因,材料含有的金属物质对穿透损耗影响较大。     

伊宁市市区道路交通噪声污染状况调查及防治对策

根据伊宁市市区道路交通噪声的污染状况的调查,分析了产生交通噪声污染的原因,提出防治交通噪声污染的对策。     

Patterns of television viewing and of perceptions of hazards to life

A previous study using respondents in a London regional audience appreciation diary panel showed that links existed between overall amounts of the viewing of television recorded across one week and levels of perception of risk of three hazards to life, namely lightning, flooding and terrorist bomb attacks. With a fourth hazard, cancer, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived risk level and amount of viewing. At the same time there were no relationships between amounts of viewing of news and documentary material and perceived risks of any of 12 hazards. Two new surveys were done, nearly three years after the previous one, asking people in widely different regions about their perceptions of nine various hazards, and linking these results with measures of attitudes towards certain adaptations of new technology (which could prove hazardous or beneficial according to points of view) and to patterns of television viewing. The two surveys agreed on a wide number of points with each other; they agreed with the previous study in finding no steady relationships between information programme viewing and hazard perception. Lightning and flooding were again related, this time more specifically with viewing of particular types of television programming. A new finding is that heavier viewing of television sport is associated with less perceived risk of cancer and of nuclear pollution. Interpretations are generally favoured along the lines of a selective process of viewers with certain predispositions choosing certain kinds of viewing patterns, rather than that programme contents provide an example for formulating perceptions and attitudes.