Novel Fe/glass composite adsorbent and its property for arsenic(V) removal

An effective adsorbent for arsenic removal was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of waste glass powder (HGP), followed by loading iron(III) oxyhydorxide on the surface of waste glass powder (GP). The ?Si-O-H group was formed on the surface of GP and the specific surface area of GP powder was slightly increased after hydrothermal treatment. FeOOH was loaded on the surface of HGP by the hydrolysis of FeCl3. The formation conditions of FeOOH were also investigated. The ability of this new adsorbent for arsenic removal was tested. The results indicate that the highest arsenic removal efficiency is about 97% for 1 mg/L As(V) solution at pH 6 and keeping time 2h.     

壳聚糖海藻酸钠铁锰泥吸附剂制备与除As(V)研究

将生物除铁除锰水厂反冲洗铁锰泥包埋在壳聚糖海藻酸钠水凝胶中,成功制备了一种具有高机械强度和稳定性的复合除砷吸附剂（CAFB）.表征结果显示,其表面粗糙,铁锰元素含量为69.31%,比表面积达117.20m²/g,且具有介孔结构.吸附动力学数据更符合准二级动力学模型（R²=0.963）.Langmuir等温吸附模型能更好地描述As （V）吸附过程（R²=0.969）,25℃时最大吸附容量为15.80mg/g.酸性条件有利于As （V）的吸附,在pH=3~7范围内As （V）去除率能达到80%以上.H²PO₄^-,SiO₃^2-离子对吸附过程抑制作用明显.用0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液再生4次后吸附量能达到初始值的70.68%,具有在工程上运用的前景.     

纳米零价铁颗粒去除As(III)和As(V)的动力学过程及性能研究

本研究系统分析了不同初始砷浓度和不同nZVI投加量等条件下,nZVI去除As（III）和As（V）的动力学过程和除砷性能.结果表明,nZVI可快速有效地去除As（III）和As（V）,除砷过程均符合准二级动力学模型,且As（III）的去除速率明显快于As（V）.在砷浓度为5 mg·L^-1时,As（III）去除速率常数达最大值0.30 g·mg^-1·min^-1,为As（V）去除速率（0.034 g·mg^-1·min^-1）的8.8倍.Weber-Morris粒子内扩散模型拟合结果表明,nZVI除砷速率是由外扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制的.分析反应平衡时砷浓度测定结果,发现不同砷浓度条件下nZVI对As（III）的去除量为As（V）的1.5~2.6倍,nZVI对砷的去除量随初始砷浓度增加而降低,随nZVI投加量增加而增加.砷浓度为50.0 mg·L^-1时,As（III）和As（V）去除量达到最高,分别为152.14 mg·g^-1和62.02 mg·g^-1,均高于传统（羟基）氧化铁对As（III）和As（V）的去除量.因此,nZVI可高效去除水中As（III）和As（V）,且用于修复以As（III）污染为主的地下水更具有优势.     

壳聚糖/改性平菇复合吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附特性

以壳聚糖和经酒石酸改性的平菇粉末为材料,通过戊二醛进行交联反应,制得壳聚糖-改性平菇凝胶小球（CMPOD）复合生物吸附剂,用于水溶液中Cr（VI）的吸附去除.结果表明,在实验所测pH值（2~10）范围内,复合吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量随着pH值上升而降低;随着Cr（VI）初始浓度或温度的提高,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附量均相应增加,当Cr（VI）初始浓度为600mg/L,温度为50℃,Cr（VI）吸附量可达190mg/g以上;Cr（VI）的吸附符合准二级动力学方程及Freundlich等温吸附模型;热力学分析表明,吸附剂对Cr（VI）的吸附过程为自发的吸热反应.扫描电镜（SEM）分析显示,吸附剂具有发达的网状结构,吸附Cr（VI）后网状孔隙被填充,且能谱分析（EDS）出现明显的Cr（VI）吸收峰;傅立叶红外光谱分析（FTIR）表明,壳聚糖中的氨基成功引入复合吸附剂中,在Cr（VI）吸附中为主要作用官能团.     

基于铁锰泥的除砷吸附剂性能比较及吸附机理

为解决反冲洗铁锰泥粉末吸附剂（BSPA）使用后难以泥水分离问题,将除铁锰水厂生物滤池产生的反冲洗泥制成颗粒吸附剂（GA）和磁性粉末吸附剂（MPA）,并对BSPA、GA和MPA的除砷性能进行了比较,通过SEM、TED、XRD、BET、FTIR等技术对3种材料进行了表征,寻找3种吸附剂之间除砷性能差异的根源.结果表明,BSPA、GA和MPA对As （V）的最大吸附容量分别为40.980,5.048,8.694mg/g,改性后的吸附材料GA和MPA对砷的吸附能力下降.BSPA是一种以纤铁矿为主的无定形结构混合物,并混有针铁矿和结晶度差的水铁矿,GA的XRD图谱中出现石英晶体和少量赤铁矿晶体的衍射峰,而MPA的主要成分为结晶程度较高的磁赤铁矿.3种材料中均存在有利于吸附的含羟基官能团.BSPA、MPA和GA的比表面积分别为253.150,238.660,43.803m²/g.物相改变且结晶程度增加、表面羟基减少和比表面积降低是导致GA和MPA的砷吸附容量比BSPA低的主要因素.     

Removal of trace arsenic（V） and phosphate from water by a highly selective ligand exchange adsorbent

The ligand exchange adsorbent could be used to remove the toxic arsenic(V) and phosphate efficiently from water even in the presence of foreign anions and possible to apply in chemical industry.     

铁盐和铝盐混凝微滤工艺除As(V)的比较研究

选择FeCl₃和Al₂(SO₄)₃作混凝剂,采用小试规模的混凝微滤膜反应器比较了铁盐和铝盐混凝微滤工艺的除As(V)效果、相关性能指标及适用范围.结果发现,Fe³⁺投加量为4 mg/L、Al₂(SO₄)₃投加量为50 mg/L时,铁盐和铝盐工艺的除As(V)效果大致相当,均可使水中As(V)的浓度从100 μg/L左右降低到10 μg/L以下,最低为1.68 μg/L.出水浊度均小于0.1 NTU,出水中铁、铝和SO^2-₄浓度均符合饮用水标准.铁盐工艺出水pH值比原水大约高0.5,铝盐工艺处理前后水的pH值基本不变.反应器运行结束静沉24 h后,铁盐工艺浓缩比为1 791,是铝盐工艺的2.54倍,污泥中As(V)的含量也大大高于铝盐工艺,去除同等重量的As(V)所产生的污泥量较铝盐工艺少得多.因此,对于仅有砷超标的饮用水,应优先考虑铁盐工艺.按除氟所需混凝剂数量投加Al₂(SO₄)₃,铝盐工艺即可在去除As(V)的同时去除氟,铁盐工艺则不能去除氟.因此,对于砷和氟均超标的饮用水,可采用铝盐工艺同时去除砷和氟.     

载铁(β-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂去除地下水As(Ⅴ)的研究

制备了一种载铁(β- FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂,球珠孔隙度大,强度好,活性成分铁的载入量可高达360mg/mL ,(质量分数达50%) ,活性好.研究表明,当铁含量为220mg/mL时,该吸附剂对As(V)的最大吸附量为15.6mg/mL(33.2mg/g) ,Langmuir和Freundlich方程能很好地描述吸附等温线.吸附速度较快,10h可达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合Lagergren二级方程.SiO₃^2- ,SO₄^2-,Cl^-干扰离子均不影响砷的去除.柱吸附实验表明,空床停留时间为5.9min ,进水As(V)浓度为500μg/L时,As(V)的穿透体积为5000BV .吸附剂可以用1.5mol·L^-1 NaOH再生,洗脱和再生效率可达90%以上.活性成分β-FeOOH形态稳定,柱操作和再生时铁无溶出.吸附剂制备方法简单,新颖,对地下水和饮用水砷去除具有较好的应用前景.     

Novel eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent fabricated from Pickering middle internal phase emulsions for removal of Pb(II) and Cd (II)

Spherical porous materials prepared from the emulsion template used in the water treat-ment have displayed a vast prospect,as the high surface area,abundant porous structure,convenient operation and excellent adsorption performance.But the tedious fabrication process,high consumption of organic solvent and surfactant limited the application widely.Herein,a facile and eco-friendly spherical porous adsorbent (SPA) is fabricated from the green surfactant-free (corn oil)-in-water Pickering medium internal phase emulsions (Pick-ering MIPEs) via the convenient ion crosslinking procedure.The Pickering MIPEs synergis-tically stabilized with the semi-coke (SC),which is the natural particle produced from the shale oil distillation,and sodium alginate (SA) has excellent storage and anti-coalescence stability.The as-prepared porous adsorbent possessed the abundant pore structure,which provided favorable conditions for effective mass transfer in adsorption,and could be tuned by varying the SA dosage.The saturation adsorption capacities of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) can be achieved with 460.54 and 278.77 mg/g within 45 min at 25℃,respectively.Overall,this study supplied a viable and eco-friendly route for fabricating the spherical porous adsorbent with a tunable porous structure for heavy metal ion wastewater.     

草酸盐介导下含As(V)黄钾铁矾的相转化过程与As(V)的再分配行为

黄钾铁矾能够通过吸附和共沉淀作用固定酸性矿山废水（AMD）中的重（类）金属（如砷）,降低其迁移性和生物可利用性.草酸盐广泛存在于天然水环境中,其具有的羧酸官能团能改变铁矿物的稳定性,进而影响吸持的重（类）金属的再分配行为.利用水热法合成含As（V）黄钾铁矾,探究其在不同草酸盐浓度与pH条件下的溶解、重结晶和共沉淀As（V）的行为.研究结果表明,草酸盐与含As（V）黄钾铁矾表面Fe（III）活性位点配位形成的可溶性强络合物是促进矿物溶解的第一步和关键;在pH 2.5时,含As（V）黄钾铁矾的溶解速率随草酸盐浓度增加而增加,伴随大量As（V）释放到溶液,反应过程中只有少量As（V）重新吸附到固相上,这是由于草酸盐与As（V）竞争矿物表面的同一活性位点;在pH 6.5条件下,草酸盐促进含As（V）黄钾铁矾的重结晶,经X射线衍射分析表明针铁矿和纤铁矿为主要产物,能有效地吸附释放的As（V）.研究结果有助于揭示在AMD环境下黄钾铁矾沉积物与含羧酸官能团有机酸共存时对As（V）的释放和固定机理,对AMD环境中As（V）污染控制有重要意义.     

Effects of ion concentration and natural organic matter on arsenic(V) removal by nanofiltration under different transmembrane pressures

The removal of As(V) from synthetic water was studied using four different nanofiltration (NF) membranes (ESNA-1-K1, NF270, ESNA-1-LF, and HODRA-CORE). The influences of ion concentration, transmembrane pressure (TMP), and the presence of natural organic matter (humic acid, HA) on the arsenic removal efficiency and permeate flux were investigated. The arsenic rejection of ESNA- 1-LF was higher than those of the other membranes in all experiments (> 94%), and the HODRA-CORE membrane gave the lowest removal of arsenic (< 47%). An increase in the ion concentration in the feed solution and addition of HA decreased the arsenic rejection of the HODRA-CORE membrane. However, both increasing of the ion concentration and addition of HA made the rejection increased for the other membranes (ESNA-1-K1, NF270, and ESNA-1-LF). With increasing TMP, for all four NF membranes, increases in both arsenic rejection and permeate flux were observed. The permeate fluxes of the four NF membranes decreased to some extent after addition of HA to the solutions for operating time of 6 hr.     

Comparison of a plant based natural surfactant with SDS for washing of As(Ⅴ) from Fe rich soil

This study explores the possible application of a biodegradable plant based surfactant, obtained from Sapindus mukorossi, for washing low levels of arsenic （As） from an iron （Fe） rich soil. Natural association of As（Ⅴ） with Fe（Ⅲ） makes the process difficult. Soapnut solution was compared to anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） in down-flow and a newly introduced suction mode for soil column washing. It was observed that soapnut attained up to 86% efficiency with respect to SDS in removing As. Full factorial design of experiment revealed a very good fit of data. The suction mode generated up to 83 kPa pressure inside column whilst down-flow mode generated a much higher pressure of 214 kPa, thus making the suction mode more efficient. Micellar solubilisation was found to be responsible for As desorption from the soil and it followed 1st order kinetics. Desorption rate coefficient of suction mode was found to be in the range of 0.005 to 0.01, much higher than down-flow mode values. Analysis of the PT-IR data suggested that the soapnut solution did not interact chemically with As, offering an option for reusing the surfactant. Soapnut can be considered as a soil washing agent for removing As even from soil with high Fe content.     

利用天然磁黄铁矿去除水中As (V)的研究

考察了时间、pH、温度、吸附剂投加量、无机阴离子等因素对磁黄铁矿去除As(V)过程的影响.同时,对去除过程的动力学和等温线进行分析,并探究了动态去除的效果.结果显示:磁黄铁矿对As(V)的去除在24 h达到平衡;在pH值3~9范围内去除率都达到80%以上;温度升高和吸附剂用量增加都对As(V)去除具有促进作用;PO_4~(3-)、SiO_3~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)对吸附有较强的抑制作用;在As(V)初始浓度为2 mg·L~(-1)时动态吸附出水浓度在150个吸附床体积(BV)内能达到国家饮用水标准;吸附去除过程符合拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温方程.能谱仪和X射线电子能谱分析表明,去除过程是一个自发吸热的配位离子交换反应.本实验表明,天然磁黄铁矿是一种有潜力的除砷吸附剂.     

人工合成铁、铝矿物和镁铝双金属氧化物对土壤砷的钝化效应

应用室内模拟培养的方法,研究了人工合成铁、铝矿物和镁铝双金属氧化物对砷超标土壤中砷的钝化效果.每种钝化剂均设置0.1％、0.5％、1.0％、2.5％和5.0％五个添加量处理.结果表明,添加水铝矿明显降低了土壤pH值,其中,添加5％水铝矿的处理降幅最大,达到1.20;而添加镁铝双金属氧化物则显著提高了土壤pH值,5％镁铝双金属氧化物的处理土壤pH值由5.04最高可提高至8.09.添加铁铝矿物均降低了土壤有效砷的含量,下降幅度为1.89％～64.15％;而添加镁铝双金属氧化物则使土壤有效砷含量增加;添加水铁矿和针铁矿处理对提高土壤中残留态砷含量的作用较为明显.总体看来,两种人工合成铁矿较镁铝双金属氧化物和水铝矿对土壤中砷有更好的钝化效果,可以作为钝化剂应用于土壤中砷的钝化.     

Effect of ionic strength on adsorption of As（Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） on variable charge soils

The study was to investigate the adsorption behavior of arsenite (As(Ⅲ)) and arsenate (As(Ⅴ)) on two variable charge soils, i.e., Haplic Acrisol and Rhodic Ferralsol at different ionic strengths and pH with batch methods. Results indicated that the amount of As(Ⅲ) adsorbed by these two soils increased with increasing solution pH, whereas it decreased with increasing ionic strength under the acidic condition. This suggested that As(Ⅲ) was mainly adsorbed on soil positive charge sites through electrostatic attraction under the acidic condition. Moreover, intersects of As(Ⅴ) adsorption-pH curves at different ionic strengths (a characteristic pH) are obtained for both soils. It was noted that above this pH, the adsorption of As(Ⅴ) was increased with increasing ionic strength, whereas below it the reverse trend was true. Precisely the intersect pH was 3.6 for Haplic Acrisol and 4.5 for Rhodic Ferralsol, which was near the values of PZSE (soil point of zero salt effect) of these soils. The effects of ionic strength and pH on arsenate adsorption by these soils were interpreted by the adsorption model. The results of zeta potential suggested that the potential in adsorption plane becomes less negative with increasing ionic strength above soil PZSE and decreases with increasing ionic strength below soil PZSE. These results further supported the hypothesis of the adsorption model that the potential in the adsorption plane changes with ionic strength with an opposite trend to surface charge of the soils. Therefore, the change of the potential in the adsorption plane was mainly responsible for the change of arsenate adsorption induced by ionic strength on variable charge soils.     

From illite/smectite clay to mesoporous silicate adsorbent for efficient removal of chlortetracycline from water

A series of mesoporous silicate adsorbents with superior adsorption performance for hazardous chlortetracycline(CTC) were sucessfully prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction using low-cost illite/smectite(IS) clay,sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate as the starting materials.In this process,IS clay was "teared up" and then "rebuilt" as new porous silicate adsorbent with high specific surface area of 363.52 m~2/g(about 8.7 folds higher than that of IS clay) and very negative Zeta potential(- 34.5 mV).The inert Si- O- Si(Mg,Al) bonds in crystal framework of IS were broken to form Si(Al)- O~- groups with good adsorption activity,which greatly increased the adsorption sites served for holding much CTC molecules.Systematic evaluation on adsorption properties reveals the optimal silicate adsorbent can adsorb 408.81 mg/g of CTC(only 159.7 mg/g for raw IS clay) and remove 99.3%(only 46.5%for raw IS clay) of CTC from 100 mg/L initial solution(pH 3.51;adsorption temperature 30℃;adsorbent dosage,3 g/L).The adsorption behaviors of CTC onto the adsorbent follows the Langmuir isotherm model,Temkin equation and pseudo second-order kinetic model.The mesopore adsorption,electrostatic attraction and chemical association mainly contribute to the enhanced adsorption properties.As a whole,the high-efficient silicate adsorbent could be candidates to remove CTC from the wastewater with high amounts of CTC.     

Effect of competing solutes on arsenic(V) adsorption using iron and aluminum oxides

The study focused on the effect of several typical competing solutes on removal of arsenic with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The test results indicate that chloride, nitrate and sulfate did not have detectable effects, and that selenium(IV) (Se(IV)) and vanadium(V) (V(V)) show slight effects on the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3. The results also showed that adsorption of As(V) on Al2O3 was not affected by chloride and nitrate anions, but slightly by Se(IV) and V(V) ions. Unlike the adsorption of As(V) with Fe2O3, that with Fe2O3 was affected by the presence of sulfate in water solutions. Both phosphate and silica have significant adverse effects on the adsorption of As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Compared to the other tested anions, phosphate anion was found to be the most prominent solute affecting the As(V) adsorption with Fe2O3 and Al2O3. In general, Fe2O3 has a better performance than Al2O3 in removal of As(V) within a water environment where multi competing solutes are present.     

来源于土壤和灌溉水的砷在水稻根表及其体内的富集特性

采用土壤-玻璃珠联合培养的方式,选择2个氧化能力不同的水稻品种YY-1、94D-64(品系)和采自浙江富阳的土壤(砷的本底值为13.8 mg·kg-1),并设灌溉清水和含砷水2个处理(即在分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期、开花期和灌浆期5个生育阶段灌溉含砷污水,随灌溉水进入土壤中砷的浓度为3.2mg·kg-1),研究了砷在土壤-根表铁氧化物-水稻系统中的累积规律以及土壤和灌溉水对水稻秸秆和籽粒富集砷的贡献程度.结果表明,水稻的秸秆生物量及其籽粒产量并没有受到不同来源砷的显著影响;灌溉含砷水处理的两品系水稻根表铁氧化物沉积的数量(YY-1∶196 g·kg-1,94D-64∶75.8 g·kg-1)高于对照(YY-1∶175g·kg-1,94D-64∶60.1 g·kg-1),但差异不显著.然而,在水稻5个不同的生育期灌溉含砷水均显著增加了砷在其根表及其体内不同部位的富集(94D-64籽粒中砷含量除外).没有灌溉含砷水的对照其秸秆和籽粒中累积的砷来源于土壤,而砷处理的水稻其秸秆和籽粒中富集的砷则来源于土壤和灌溉的含砷水.土壤对YY-1和94D-64秸秆中富集砷的贡献率分别为76.5%和71.O%,灌溉水的贡献率分别为23.5%和29.0%,2个水稻品系之间没有明显差异.YY-1籽粒中的砷66.4%来源于土壤,33.6%来源于含砷灌溉水,灌溉水对该品系籽粒中砷的富集贡献率较高.另一品系94D-64籽粒中砷84.8%来源于土壤,15.2%由灌溉水贡献,灌溉水对此品系籽粒累积砷的贡献率较低.来源于土壤和灌溉水的砷在水稻籽粒中的富集没有超出我国的国家食品卫生标准(0.7 mg·kg-1).     

Fe(II)、Fe(III)对砷与不同分子量腐植酸络合性能的影响

以腐植酸（HA）代表天然有机质,采用平衡透析和超滤的方法研究铁离子（Fe （II）、Fe （III））对不同分子量HA与砷离子（As （V）、As （III））络合作用的影响,并利用红外光谱（FT-IR）表征其络合特征.结果发现,Fe （II）和Fe （III）均能增强HA络合As能力,且对As （V）络合能力的增强作用大于As （III）;pH值显著影响HA络合As能力;溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度由5mg/L增大到200mg/L,As络合百分比随之增加,此时HA-Fe （III）络合As （III）百分比最大,为24.55%;初始As浓度由10μg/L增加1000μg/L,As络合百分比随之降低,其中HA-Fe （III）络合As （III）百分比最低,为3.11%.相同环境条件下,分子量>100kDa络合As百分比最大,其中HA-Fe （II）络合As （III）的百分比最高为26.43%;分子量小于10kDa的HA络合As百分比明显高于其他分子量的HA.Fe的增强作用主要源于Fe与羧基形成桥梁再与As络合形成三元络合物.     

Effects of cobalt doping on the reactivity of hausmannite for As(III) oxidation and As(V) adsorption

Hausmannite is a common low valence Mn oxide mineral, with a distorted spinel structure, in surficial sediments. Although natural Mn oxides often contain various impurities of transitional metals (TMs), few studies have addressed the effect and related mechanism of TM doping on the reactivity of hausmannite with metal pollutants. Here, the reactivity of cobalt (Co) doped hausmannite with aqueous As(III) and As(V) was studied. Co doping decreased the point of zero charge of hausmannite and its adsorption capacity for As(V). Despite a reduction of the initial As(III) oxidation rate, Co-doped hausmannite could effectively oxidize As(III) to As(V), followed by the adsorption and fixation of a large amount of As(V) on the mineral surface. Arsenic K-edge EXAFS analysis of the samples after As(V) adsorption and As(III) oxidation revealed that only As(V) was adsorbed on the mineral surface, with an average As-Mn distance of 3.25–3.30 Å, indicating the formation of bidentate binuclear complexes. These results provide new insights into the interaction mechanism between TMs and low valence Mn oxides and their effect on the geochemical behaviors of metal pollutants.