高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷

建立了高压密封消解-流动注射同时测定海水中总氮和总磷的方法,方法采用特制聚四氟乙烯密封消解罐,经高压消解锅消解后,用流动注射分析仪同时测定海水中的总氮和总磷。结果显示,总氮和总磷在0~3.20 mg/L范围内线性良好,总氮相关系数(r)=0.9997,检出限为0.012 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.65%~2.59%,加标回收率为97.8%~102%;总磷相关系数(r)=0.9999,检出限为0.006 mg/L,相对标准偏差为0.50%~6.67%,加标回收率为98.8%~101%。该方法可同时测定海水中总氮和总磷,方法准确度和精密度良好,满足分析要求,适用于大批量海水样品中总氮和总磷的快速准确定量。     

环保新形势下的污水处理提标改造应用

随着国家环境保护力度的加大,国家和地方政府相继出台一系列环保加严标准,要求企业严格按照排放标准执行。兖矿国宏化工公司污水站排水COD含量30～60mg/L,总氮含量150～200mg/L,总磷含量1.5～3mg/L,远达不到标准要求。为满足国家、地方加严环境保护指标要求,解决污水处理站排水总氮超标严重、总磷、COD超标、气化灰水硬度大等问题,特研究对污水站实施提标技术改造。通过增加废水预处理、优化加药方案、增加废水接触氧化设施等,实现污水处理站排水COD30mg/L、氨氮5mg/L、总氮(TN)15mg/L、总磷0.5mg/L,达到国家最新废水排放指标要求。     

赣江主要河流丰水期-枯水期氮磷营养盐分布特征

对2006—2019年赣江水体及水库丰水期-枯水期的总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、硝态氮(NO^-₃-N)和总磷(TP)浓度变化和分布特征进行分析。将赣江按河谷地形和河道特征划分为上游、中游、下游3段;根据水流来源将赣江划分为章水、桃江、湘水、贡水、泸江、赣江干流。结果显示：桃江TN质量浓度在2011年枯水期取得最大值8.26 mg/L;章水TP质量浓度在2007年枯水期取得最大值0.18 mg/L,整个赣江丰水期-枯水期的TP质量浓度在0.02～0.18 mg/L范围内浮动,变化幅度较小;章水NH₃-N浓度在2008年枯水期取得最大值1.86 mg/L,而在2017—2019年NH₃-N的浓度基本处于0.5 mg/L以内,达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅲ类水质标准。万安水库和峡江水库对总氮的滞留率,丰水期分别为24.26%、17.44%,枯水期分别为21.36%、16.60%;对总磷的滞留率,丰水期分别为24.78%、19.05%,枯水期分别为33....     

AutoAnalyzer 3连续流动分析系统测定水中总磷和总氮

采用AutoAnalyzer 3连续流动注射分析仪测定水中的总磷与总氮,结果表明,总磷在0.00~2.00 mg/L、总氮在0.00~10.00 mg/L的范围内,均可以获得良好的线性方程;准确度和精密度良好,均能满足国家实验质量标准要求。与传统方法相比,利用该方法测定总磷、总氮,适用范围广,分析速度快,结果准确可靠。     

流动注射微波在线消解分光光度法测定水中总磷

利用微波在线消解水样,将流动注射分析技术与分光光度法检测相结合,建立一种在线测定水中总磷的快速分析方法。通过对实验条件的优化,分析速率达36个/小时,检出限0.015mg/L,线性范围为0~2.0mg/L,对0.634mg/L总磷标准溶液测定11次的相对标准偏差为1.0%。应用于环境水样的测定,结果令人满意。     

水中Cr(Ⅵ)的流动注射在线监测

采用流动注射分光光度法在线监测水中Cr(Ⅵ),优化了试验条件.方法在0.05 mg/L～5.00 mg/L线性良好,检出限为0.02 mg/L,RSD≤4.7%,加标回收率为93.0%～105%,该仪器适用于地表水和工业废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的在线监测.     

消解仪－麝香草酚分光光度法测定水中总氮

采用消解仪替代高压蒸汽灭菌器消解水样,用麝香草酚分光光度法替代紫外分光光度法测定总氮.试验表明,方法在0mg/L～10.0mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数R为0.9999;方法检出限为0.04mg/L;测定低、中、高质量浓度的标准溶液,RSD为1.1% ～5.5%;对3份实际水样进行加标回收试验,回收率为94.6% ～98.2%,测定总氮标准品,结果在保证值范围内;用该方法与国标方法同时测定水样,测定结果的相对偏差〈5%.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定畜禽粪便中铜和锌

采用冻干法-全量酸消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定畜禽粪便中铜和锌,优化了试验条件.铜和锌分别在0 mg/L～3.00 mg/L和0 mg/L～1.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为6 mg/kg和2 mg/kg(按取0.5 g试样消解定容至50 mL计算),粪便试样测定的RSD分别为1.3%和3.7%,加标回收率分别为104%和107%.     

连续流动分析用于总磷在线监测的可行性研究

以连续流动-钼酸铵分光光度法为基础,探究连续流动检测流程和蠕动泵泵速,建立总磷连续流动在线监测方法。该方法线性范围为0~2.00 mg/L,方法检出限为0.002 mg/L,方法相对标准偏差RSD为0.4%。将该法应用于实际水样测定,并通过加标回收率对分析结果进行验证,加标回收率为79.7%~109.4%,质控样品测定结果满足生态环境部标准样品研究所的误差允许范围,可用于地表水总磷在线监测。     

动力学光度法比均定中变换同时测定水中 BrO 3 与 IO 3

应用动力学光度法,在不经分离的条件下,采用比均定中变换同时测定水样中BrO-3与IO-3,优化了试验条件,试验了不同干扰离子对测定的影响.BrO-3与IO-3在0.10 mg/L～3.50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限分别为0.01 mg/L与0.02 mg/L,RSD分别为2.8%与2.0%,回收率为97.2%～104%.     

我国沙尘暴灾害及其治理对策初步研究

分析研究了沙尘暴的成因、时空分布、发展趋势及造成的灾害,结合国外经验提出了我国治理的对策建议。     

新疆室内环境污染监测和治理工作现状与建议

针对目前室内环境监测工作出现的种种问题,就如何规范的开展室内环境监测工作,更好地为社会提供真实、准确、有效的监测数据,本文提出相关的探讨。     

太原市冬、夏季醛酮化合物污染特征及来源分析

针对太原市空气臭氧污染较为严重的问题,开展臭氧主要前体物醛酮化合物质量浓度及其变化规律研究.利用2,4-二硝基苯肼固相吸附/高效液相色谱方法,通过对太原市2019年冬季和夏季大气的醛酮化合物进行分析,发现太原市冬季总醛酮化合物的平均质量浓度为13μg/m3,低于夏季的27μg/m3.其中甲醛、乙醛和丙酮质量浓度最高,且...     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

Disembodied and Disembedded? The Social and Economic Implications of Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity

The social and economic implications of atmospheric change on biodiversity need to be seen in a global context of major shifts in the conceptualization and management of our relationship with nature. Traditionally, we have conceptualized the atmosphere and the other creatures of the biosphere as separate from the human, but their quasi-autonomy is now becoming subject to more and more human management. This raises not only economic issues, but social, political, and ethical concerns that will have substantial influence on public policy. Among these are the commodification of genetic material; the privatization of traditional knowledge; and the management of information. In this broader context, the paper examines an array of current and proposed strategies of response to changes in biodiversity as a result of climatic and other stresses.     

Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity: Co-Networks and Networking

Canada responded to the Global Biodiversity Convention by completing the Canadian Biodiversity Strategy in 1995. At the same time, Environment Canada also completed a national Science Assessment on Biodiversity. During this period, the Smithsonian Institution, in partnership with Parks and Environment Canada, initiated the implementation of a global biodiversity monitoring program in Canada. Under the auspices of the United Nations Man and the Biosphere Program, the SI/MAB monitoring protocols and plots have spread across Canada at an unprecedented rate. National champions in the science and educational sectors, working within an inter-disciplinary ecological framework, have guided the development, education, quality control and sharing of atmosphere-biodiversity observations electronically.Atmospheric-Biodiversity Networks and Networking have traditionally operated within separate mandates with little degree of integration. Air-Bio Networks were designed within an integrated framework to better understand the atmospheric stress on biodiversity and the adaptation actions, nationally and regionally. Detailed examples of the cumulative effects of climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid deposition, ground-level ozone, suspended particulate matter and hazardous air pollutants on biodiversity will be discussed using a Southern Ontario case study. In addition, recommendations will be presented for future paired SI/MAB plots, linked networks and networking for adaptation within the context of climate, chemical and ecological gradients.     

Determination and study on dissipation and residue of bismerthiazol and its metabolite in Chinese cabbage and soil

A simple and accurate method for the determination of bismerthiazol and its metabolite 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole was developed in Chinese cabbage and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection in this study. The limits of detection were 0.06 mg/kg for bismerthiazol and 0.03 mg/kg for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, respectively. Recoveries of cabbage and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and were in the range of 84.0–96.0 % for bismerthiazol and 71.0–74.6 % for 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, with relative standard deviations below 7.0 %. For field experiments, the half-life of bismerthiazol was 2.4–2.5 days in Chinese cabbage and 2.5–4.8 days in soil at the two experimental locations in China. Dissipation residues of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole were lower than 0.72 mg/kg. Terminal residues of bismerthiazol and its metabolite were less than 3.0 and 0.3 mg/kg in Chinese cabbage, respectively. No bismerthiazol or metabolite residues were detected in soil on days 5, 7, 10, and 14 after the last spraying at the two dosage levels.     

环境监理与环境管理的区别与联系

阐述了环境监理与环境管理的关系，指出了以制度和程序规范两者的分工与合作可充分发挥环境监理在环境管理中的作用     

Residues and dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in tomatoes and soil

A simple residue analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for the determination of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (CGA321113) in tomato and soil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The limits of detection were 0.0005 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin and 0.001 mg/kg for trifloxystrobin acid, respectively. The average recoveries in tomato and soil ranged from 73–99 % for trifloxystrobin and 75–109 % for trifloxystrobin acid, with relative standard deviations below 15 %. The method was then used to study the dissipation and residues in tomato and soil. The dissipation half-lives of trifloxystrobin in tomato were 2.9 days (Beijing) and 5.4 days (Shandong), while in soil were 1.9 days (Beijing) and 3.0 days (Shandong), respectively. The final results showed that the major residue compound was trifloxystrobin in tomato whereas it was its metabolite, trifloxystrobin acid, in soil. The final residues of total trifloxystrobin (including trifloxystrobin acid) were below the EU maximum residue limit of 0.5 mg kg^?1 in tomato 3 days after the treatment.     

废旧干电池的环境污染防治及回收利用

介绍了各种干电池的基本化学组成，分析了废旧干电池污染环境的主要途径及对人类的危害，并就回收利用问题提出建议。