Orange peel as an adsorbent in the removal of acid violet 17 (acid dye) from aqueous solutions

The effectiveness of orange peel in adsorbing Acid violet 17 from aqueous solutions has been studied as a function of agitation time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration and pH. The adsorption follows both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption capacity Q0 was 19.88 mg/g at initial pH 6.3. The equilibrium time was found to be 80 min for 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L, dye concentration respectively. A maximum removal of 87% was obtained at pH 2.0 for an adsorbent dose of 600 mg/50 ml of 10 mg/L dye concentration. Adsorption increases with increase in pH. Maximum desorption of 60% was achieved in water medium at pH 10.0.     

Investigation of the Thermosensitive Nanosphere Polymer in Removing Organophosphorus Pesticides from Water and Its Isotherm Study (Case Study: Diazinon)

In this research, a novel thermosensitive nanosphere polymer (TNP) was synthesized by copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide with 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol for the removal of diazinon from water. The characterization of the synthesized adsorbent has been performed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Batch adsorption method was performed to investigate the influences of various parameters like pH, temperature and contact time on the adsorption of diazinon. The equilibrium adsorption data of diazinon by TNP was studied by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich–Peterson model. According to equilibrium adsorption results, the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin constants were evaluated to be 0.912 (L/mg), 7.916 (mg/g) (L/mg)^1/n and 2.494 respectively at pH 7 and room temperature. Based on Redlich–Peterson model analysis, the equilibrium data for the adsorption of diazinon was conformed well to the Langmuir isotherm model. This method was successfully applied for removal of diazinon from environmental samples. Moreover, in reusing of TNP, the sorption capacity was maintained without any significant change after 10 cycles of sorption–desorption process.     

木质素活性炭的制备及其对硝基苯的吸附

利用工业碱木质素分别经KOH及H3PO4活化制备两种木质素活性炭（KAC和PAC）,并用于模拟硝基苯废水的处理。采用SEM和IR等手段对木质素活性炭进行了表征。考察了木质素活性炭加入量、废水pH、吸附时间等因素对硝基苯吸附量的影响。表征结果显示,KAC具有丰富的孔结构,PAC表面含有多种功能基团。实验结果表明： 在吸附温度298 K、初始硝基苯质量浓度250 mg/L、木质素活性炭加入量1.0 g/L、废水pH 3、吸附时间24 h的条件下,KAC及PAC对硝基苯的吸附量分别为237.8 mg/g和211.9 mg/g,去除率分别达到91%和84%; KAC及PAC对硝基苯的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附等温线满足Langmuir等温吸附方程;当解吸剂的V（乙醇）∶V（去离子水）=9时,在PAC和KAC上吸附的硝基苯的解吸率分别达到99%和93%;木质素活性炭重复使用5次后,KAC和PAC对硝基苯的吸附量分别为115.4 mg/g和130.7 mg/g。     

水热法表面改性陶粒及其对水中磷的吸附性能

采用水热法制备碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒,对改性陶粒表面进行了表征,研究了改性陶粒对废水中磷的吸附效果。表征结果显示,改性后陶粒形貌更规则,比表面积增加,有机官能团种类增多。吸附实验结果表明,碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒在初始磷质量浓度为5 mg/L、pH分别为6和5、陶粒投加量为0.03 mg/L的条件下,于35℃下吸附8 h,磷的去除率分别达到97.28%和93.10%,剩余磷质量浓度分别为0.136 mg/L和0.345 mg/L;Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程更适合描述两种改性陶粒对磷的吸附过程,且改性后陶粒均具有良好的解吸能力,解吸率随解吸剂浓度的增加而增大。     

超细粉煤灰对模拟废水中孔雀石绿的吸附性能

以球磨制得的超细粉煤灰为吸附材料,采用振荡吸附法研究了其对模拟废水中孔雀石绿的吸附性能.实验结果表明:在超细粉煤灰加入量为10g/L、吸附温度为298K、初始孔雀石绿质量浓度为500mg/L、振荡时间为120min、孔雀石绿废水自然酸碱度条件下,达到吸附平衡时的吸附量为49.97 mg/g,孔雀石绿几乎全部被超细粉煤灰所吸附;该吸附反应很好地符合二级吸附动力学方程,Ea为3.95kJ/mol,吸附反应速率较快,吸附过程由孔雀石绿在超细粉煤灰颗粒内部的扩散控制;该吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,随吸附温度升高,饱和吸附量下降,298K下的饱和吸附量可达526.32mg/g,是自发进行的放热反应过程.     

Activated carbon from Ceiba pentandra hulls, an agricultural waste, as an adsorbent in the removal of lead and zinc from aqueous solutions

The ability of low-cost activated carbon prepared from Ceiba pentandra hulls, an agricultural waste material, for the removal of lead and zinc from aqueous solutions has been investigated. In the batch tests experimental parameters were studied, including solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial metal ions concentration. The adsorbent exhibited good sorption potential at pH 6.0. Maximum removal of lead (99.5%) and of zinc (99.1%) with 10 g/l of sorbent was observed at 50 mg/L sorbate concentration. Removals of about 60-70% occurred in 10 min, and equilibrium was attained at around 50 min for both metals. The functional groups (CO, SO,-OH) present on the carbon surface were responsible for the adsorption of metal ions. The adsorption parameters were analysed using both the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The data are better fitted by the Freundlich isotherm as compared to Langmuir model, and the adsorption capacities for lead and zinc were 25.5 and 24.1 mg/g, respectively. Kinetics of adsorption obeyed a second order rate equation and the rate constant was found to be 2.71 x 10(-2) and 2.08 x 10(-2) g/mg/min for lead and zinc, respectively. The desorption studies were carried out using dilute HCl, and the effect of HCl concentration on desorption was studied. Maximum desorptions of 85% for lead and 78% for zinc were attained with 0.15 M HCl.     

海藻酸钠-聚乙烯醇-聚乙二醇复合膜的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附

采用聚乙烯醇（PVA）、聚乙二醇（PEG）对海藻酸钠（SA）进行改性,制备了一种新型高效SA-PVA-PEG复合膜。研究了该复合膜对Cu²⁺的吸附效果。用IR和SEM等手段对复合膜进行了表征。表征结果显示,复合膜内部存在孔状结构,有利于吸附Cu²⁺。实验结果表明：在初始Cu²⁺质量浓度50 mg/L、复合膜加入量1 g/L、废水pH=5、吸附温度30 ℃、吸附时间60 min的最佳条件下,吸附率最高可达90.1%,吸附量达25.3 mg/g;复合膜吸附Cu²⁺的动力学过程可用二级动力学方程和Elovice方程进行拟合,吸附过程符合Langmuir单层吸附理论。采用浓度为1 mol/L的HCl溶液对吸附后的复合膜进行解吸,当解吸时间为2 min时,解吸率可达80.0%。     

核桃壳吸附剂对水中Pb2+的吸附

采用自制核桃壳吸附剂,利用静态吸附法,处理模拟含Pb²⁺废水。实验结果表明：当初始Pb²⁺的质量浓度20.00 mg/L、初始废水pH=5.5、吸附剂加入量12 g/L、吸附剂粒径1.60~2.50 mm、吸附时间120 min时,核桃壳吸附剂对Pb²⁺的去除率为91.7%;吸附剂对Pb²⁺的吸附行为满足拟二级吸附动力学方程,吸附等温线满足Langmuir等温方程,饱和吸附量达到3.903 mg/g;吸附饱和的吸附剂可用浓度 0.1 mol/L的硝酸解吸,经解吸后的吸附剂可重复利用3次。     

Agricultural solid waste for the removal of organics: adsorption of phenol from water and wastewater by palm seed coat activated carbon

Adsorption studies for phenol removal from aqueous solution on activated palm seed coat carbon (PSCC) were carried out under varying experimental conditions of contact time, phenol concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 3 h for phenolic concentrations 10-60 mg l(-1). Kinetics of adsorption obeyed a first order rate equation. The percent removal remained constant over the pH range 4-9 for a phenolic concentration of 25 mg (l-1). The equilibrium data could be described well by the Freundlich isotherm equation. The adsorption of phenol on PSCC follows the film diffusion process. A comparative study with a commercial activated carbon showed that PSCC is two times more effective than commercial activated carbon. The studies showed that the palm seed coat carbon can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of phenolics from water and wastewater.     

复合改性粉煤灰对磷的吸附性能

将粉煤灰（FA）与Na₂CO₃混合焙烧后浸渍负载Fe²⁺,制备了复合改性粉煤灰（CMFA）。通过多种手段对CMFA进行了表征,并将其用于含磷废水的吸附处理。表征结果显示：改性后的粉煤灰表面疏松多孔,比表面积增大了21倍,产生了金属盐类熔出物及羟基氧化铁和羟基官能团。实验结果表明：当初始磷质量浓度为50 mg/L、吸附温度为20 ℃、溶液pH为4.3、CMFA投加量为5 g/L、吸附时间为30 min时,磷去除率可达98.01%,较FA的50.10%大幅提升;20 ℃时,CMFA对磷的饱和吸附量可达22.15 mg/g;用拟二级动力学模型可较准确地描述CMFA对磷的吸附过程,该过程为自发的吸热过程,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,为以离子交换为主的化学吸附。     

Uptake of dyes by a promising locally available agricultural solid waste: coir pith

The adsorption of rhodamine-B and acid violet by coir pith carbon was carried out by varying the parameters such as agitation time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. The adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption capacity was found to be 2.56 mg and 8.06 mg dye per g of the adsorbent for rhodamine-B and acid violet, respectively. Adsorption of dyes followed first order rate kinetics. Acidic pH was favorable for the adsorption of acid violet and alkaline pH was favorable to rhodamine-B. Desorption studies showed that alkaline pH was favorable for the desorption of acid violet and acidic pH was favorable for the desorption of rhodamine-B.     

活性炭纤维吸附模拟废气中的乙醇和乙醚

采用动态吸附法研究了5种活性炭纤维（ACF）对乙醇、乙醚及模拟混合废气中的乙醇和乙醚的吸附性能。实验结果表明：当ACF-1,ACF-2,ACF-3,ACF-4分别吸附乙醇和乙醚时,在室温、乙醇质量浓度12.0 mg/L、乙醚质量浓度13.0 mg/L的条件下,4种ACF对乙醇的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量分别为60~70 mg/g和339~409 mg/g,对乙醚的穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量分别为50~65 mg/g和301~344 mg/g;在室温、模拟混合废气中乙醇和乙醚的质量浓度均为11.6 mg/L、吸附时间120 min的条件下,具有较大的比表面积和微孔体积的ACF-5对乙醇的吸附量为205 mg/g,对乙醚的吸附量为223 mg/g;在脱附真空度-0.95 Pa、脱附时间20 min的条件下,经17 次使用的ACF-5对模拟混合废气中乙醇和乙醚的穿透吸附量均为87 mg/g,穿透时间均为12 min。     

MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料同步吸附亚甲基蓝和Cu~(2+)

采用化学沉积法合成了MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱分析(SEM-EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、Zeta电位仪、FTIR等方法对其进行了表征。研究了MgO/SiO_2对亚甲基蓝(MB)和Cu~(2+)的吸附行为及同步吸附效果。表征结果表明:MgO/SiO_2为褶皱、凸起的球形形貌;MgO成功负载在SiO_2表面。实验结果表明:MgO/SiO_2对MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,MB和Cu~(2+)的饱和吸附量分别为83.72 mg/g和208.70 mg/g;MB和Cu~(2+)的同步吸附在MgO/SiO_2表面存在竞争关系;在溶液体积为30m L、MgO/SiO_2加入量为10 mg、MB质量浓度为10 mg/L或Cu~(2+)质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、吸附时间为24 h、初始溶液pH为4.00、解吸时间为4 h的条件下,MgO/SiO_2第1次吸附MB和Cu~(2+)的去除率分别为92.8%和90.1%,第5次吸附的去除率分别为59.6%和57.4%。     

炭化核桃壳对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附

制备了炭化核桃壳,采用SEM,EDX,FTIR等方法对炭化核桃壳进行了表征,研究了炭化核桃壳对废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果。表征结果显示,炭化后的核桃壳为片状结构,且形成了大量的微孔,微孔数量的增加使得核桃壳的比表面积明显增大。实验结果表明,炭化核桃壳吸附处理含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的最佳工艺条件为：初始废水pH 2.0、炭化核桃壳加入量16 g/L、吸附温度25 ℃、转速150 r/min、吸附时间180 min,在此最佳工艺条件下吸附处理Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度为20 mg/L废水,Cr（Ⅵ）去除率高达98.7%,最大吸附量为8.731 mg/g。Langmuir吸附等温模型可更好地描述炭化核桃壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附过程,吸附属于单分子层吸附。拟二级动力学方程能更好地描述炭化核桃壳对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附行为,此吸附过程以化学吸附为主控步骤。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of copper ions removal from wastewater by use of zeolite.

Natural Bulgarian zeolite was tested for its ability to remove Cu2+ from model wastewater. Influence of process variables was investigated. It was found that the optimum wastewater to zeolite ratio is 100:1 and the optimum pH value of water to be treated is 5.5 to 7.5. Zeolite with finer particles shows a higher uptake capacity. The simultaneous presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in concentrations similar to their concentrations in Bulgarian natural water does not significantly influence the uptake of Cu2+. Zeolite modification by treating it with NaCl, CH3COONa and NaOH increases its uptake ability. Copper ions are strongly immobilized by modified zeolite and secondary pollution of water caused by its contact with preloaded zeolite is very low (1.5-2.5% of Cu2+ preliminary immobilized have been released back into acidified water). Contacting with 2 mol dm(-3) NaCl can easily regenerate loaded zeolite; best results were obtained for zeolite modified with NaCl. Requirements of Bulgarian standards for industrial wastewater can be met by a one-stage process for an initial Cu2+ concentration of 10 mg dm(-3), and by a two stage process for an initial Cu2+ concentration of 50 mg dm(-3). Uptake of Cu2+ by zeolite from neutral wastewater has proved to be as effective as Cu2+ removal by precipitation of copper hydroxide. The process of Cu2+ uptake by natural zeolite is best described by the kinetic equation for adsorption. This fact, together with the correlation found between the Cu2+ uptake and the amount of Na+, Ca2+ and K+ released into solution by zeolite shows that the ion exchange sorption plays the basic role in Cu2+ uptake by natural zeolite. The value obtained for the apparent activation energy (26.112 kJ mol(-1) implies that the process can be easily carried out with a satisfactory rate. The uptake equilibrium is best described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, with Langmuir constants KL= 6.4 x 10(-2) dm3 mg(-1) and M = 6.74 mg g(-1). The apparent equilibrium constant found shows moderate affinity of zeolite for Cu2+. Values of deltaG degrees and deltaH degrees found show the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process of Cu2+ uptake by natural zeolite.     

The Removal of Acid Violet 90 from Aqueous Solutions Using PANI and PANI/Clinoptilolite Composites: Isotherm and Kinetics

Polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline/Gördes-clinoptilolite (PANI/GC) composite materials were synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization technique and used in the adsorption of Acid Violet 90 metal-complex dye (AV 90). The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractions, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopes and Fourier transform infrared. The effect of initial pH (2–8), sorbent dosage (0.5–4.0 g/L) and initial dye concentrations (50–400 mg/L) on adsorption onto PANI and PANI/GC were examined in a batch system. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to investigate the adsorption mechanism of AV 90 on PANI and PANI/GC. Langmuir isotherm model for PANI/GC and Freundlich isotherm model for PANI were fitted well with the experimental data. The highest dye uptake capacities were obtained with Langmuir isotherm model as 153.85 mg/g and 72.46 mg/g for PANI and PANI/GC, respectively. In order to determine the adsorption kinetics, pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were studied. As a result, the adsorption of AV 90 dye on PANI and PANI/GC was better identified with Pseudo second-order kinetic model than the first one.     

改性生物炭对Ni~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附

以废弃松木屑为原料制备了生物炭,采用六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)和/或CO2对其进行改性,并将其用于水中Ni2+和Cu2+的吸附。表征结果显示,以HMTA和CO2共同改性的生物炭BC1的表面积最小但表面含氧官能团含量最高。实验结果表明:生物炭经改性后,其吸附性能明显提高,且以BC1为最优;在不调节溶液p H、初始重金属离子质量浓度为50 mg/L、吸附剂加入量分别为2.0 g/L和1.0 g/L、吸附时间分别为360 min和240 min的优化条件下,BC1对Ni2+和Cu2+的去除率分别达到99.81%和95.88%;改性生物炭对Ni2+和Cu2+的吸附过程可以用Langmuir等温吸附模型来描述,而其吸附动力学具有拟二级动力学方程特征。     

聚乙烯亚胺改性UiO-66-NH2对水中U(Ⅵ)的吸附

采用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性氨基化锆基金属有机骨架材料(UiO-66-NH₂)制备了UiO-66-NH₂/PEI,利用XRD、SEM和FTIR对产物进行了表征,并将其用于吸附水中的U(Ⅵ)。考察了UiO-66-NH₂/PEI吸附U(Ⅵ)的影响因素,并研究了吸附动力学和等温线。实验结果表明:UiO-66-NH₂/PEI对U(Ⅵ)具有良好的吸附效果,PEI与UiO-66-NH₂质量比为30%、溶液pH为6、吸附剂投加量为80 mg/L、吸附时间为120 min、初始U(Ⅵ)质量浓度为10 mg/L时,UiO-66-NH₂/PEI对U(Ⅵ)的去除率达98.2%(303 K下);UiO-66-NH₂/30%PEI对U(Ⅵ)的吸附在60 min内达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,最大吸附量达452.49 mg/g。     

碱激发粉煤灰对Cs~+的吸附行为

将粉煤灰进行碱激发改性,运用XRD和SEM技术对碱激发粉煤灰进行了表征,通过静态平衡吸附实验研究了碱激发粉煤灰对Cs+的吸附动力学和热力学特性,并对吸附前后的碱激发粉煤灰进行了FTIR分析。表征结果显示,碱激发处理后,粉煤灰的晶相发生了改变,且粉煤灰表面密实的硬壳层被破坏。实验结果表明:在初始Cs+质量浓度为200 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、溶液pH为10、碱激发粉煤灰投加量为12.0 g/L的条件下,碱激发粉煤灰对Cs+的平衡吸附率可达80%以上,其吸附能力比碱激发前提高了3倍以上;吸附过程可用准二阶动力学方程来描述,并较好地符合Langmuir等温吸附模型;碱激发粉煤灰对Cs+的吸附是吸热过程,且能自发进行;该过程以物理吸附为主,并伴随化学吸附。     

磁性离子印迹聚合物的制备及其对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附

以铅离子为模板离子、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和偶氮二异丁腈为交联剂和引发剂、稀盐酸为洗脱剂,采用微波辅助反相乳液悬浮聚合法,制备了磁性离子印迹聚合物(MIIP),通过SEM、FTIR、XRD和BET技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附.在初始质量浓度60 mg/L、溶液pH 6、吸附温度303 K、吸附时间6...