雨水中S（Ⅳ）的离子色谱分析及其保护方法的研究

本文研究了用离子色谱法分析雨水中Ｓ（Ⅳ）的色谱条件和含Ｓ（Ⅳ）样品的保存方法，采用ＨＰＩＣ＿ＡＳＡ分离柱、用２ｍｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１Ｎａ２ＣＯ３／３ｍｍｏｌ．ｌ＾０１ＮａＯＨ溶液作淋洗液、０．０１２５ｍｏｌ．ｌ＾－１Ｈ２ＳＯ４为再生液、电导检测的方法，具有无干扰和灵敏度高等优点，而且在Ｓ（Ⅵ）的浓度秋－２８μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１范围内，其浓度与响应值之间呈现出良好的线性关系，其线性相关系数在０．９９９５以上     

多聚磷酸盐的离子色谱法分析研究

本文以美国ＤＩＯＮＥＸ公司Ｏｍｎｉ Ｐａｃ ＰＡＸ－１００为分离柱，氢氧化钠为淋洗液，甲醇为有机改进剂，梯度淋洗分离多聚磷酸盐（正磷酸盐ＰＯ＾３－４，焦磷酸盐Ｐ２Ｏ＾４－７，三聚磷酸盐Ｐ３Ｏ＾５－１０）。研究了分离机理和流动相的选择、色谱条件的最佳化、降低基线噪音的方法和多聚磷酸盐的稳定性。建立了同时测定ｐｐｂ级（μｇ／ｌ）多聚磷酸盐的离子色谱新方法。对样品的测定结果回收率均在９７．４９％—１０６     

兰州市大气颗粒物中水溶性离子研究

本文对兰州市不同季节大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的主要理化特性及其与降水的关系进行了研究，认为大气颗粒物中水溶性离子是当地降水中ＳＯ４＾２－，Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｃｌ＾－等主要离子的来源。在１３种被测的水溶物中，ＳＯ４＾２－和Ｃａ＾２＋离子所占比例较高，分别占总离子的３１．４％和２７．８％，年均浓度值为１０．７２μｇ／ｍ＾３和３．９６μｇ／ｍ＾３。同时大气颗粒物中水溶物浓度与ＳＯ２，ＴＳＰ等大气污染物浓度之间也     

水样品中重碳酸根离子排斥色谱法研究

本文研究了用离子排斥色谱法分析了水样品中重碳酸根的最佳色谱条件，分离方式和流动相的选择，样品溶液ｐＨ值与峰高的关系，实验结果显示，该方法具有简便，用样量少，灵敏度高于和干扰少等优点，测量下限为０．１２μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１ＨＣＯ＾－３在１－１０μｇ．ｍ＾－１和１０－１００μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内，ＨＣＯ３浓度与峰高的线性相关系数在０．９９５以上，该方法用于自来水和油田水样品的分析获得较好的结果。     

铜离子对2种沉水植物种植水抑藻效应的影响

为了阐明铜离子对沉水植物化感抑藻作用的影响,利用2种常见且具有明显化感抑藻效应的沉水植物：马来眼子菜和苦草种植水进行了研究,分析了协同加入铜离子的情况下,种植水对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）脆杆藻（Fragilariasp．）和沙角衣藻（Chlamydomonas sajao）等单细胞蓝绿藻生长的抑制效应。铜离子投入量参考污水综合排放标准,综合考虑水生动物和藻类的耐铜毒性范围,在较低的范围内设置4个水平：100、150、200、250μg铜离子每升藻类培养液。研究结果表明,与不同水平铜离子混合后,种植水的抑藻效应出现4种情况,（1）被消除,100μg·L-1铜离子加入后,马来眼子菜种植水对脆杆藻、苦草种植水对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用被消除。（2）被削弱,马来眼子菜种植水在加入100μg·L-1和150嵋·一铜离子2种情况下,对铜绿微囊藻抑制作用被削弱,加入200μg·L-1铜离子后,对脆杆藻抑制作用被削弱;苦草种植水在加入150μg·L-1铜离子后,对铜绿微囊藻的抑制被削弱。（3）无变化,马来眼子菜种植水,分别加入200μg·L-1和250μg·L-1铜离子后,对铜绿微囊藻抑制效应不受影响,分别加入150μg·L-1和250μg·L-1铜离子,对脆杆藻抑制效应不受影响;苦草种植水,加入150μg·L-1铜离子后,对铜绿微囊藻抑制效应不受影响,加入100μg·L-1和150μg·L-1铜离子后,对沙角抑藻的抑制效应不受影响。（4）被强化,苦草种植水,分别加入200μg·L-1和250μg·L-1铜离子后,对铜绿微囊藻、沙角抑藻的抑制效应均被强化。沉水植物化感抑藻物质主要是小分子的有机物,包括各种有机酸,而铜离子极易和水中的有机物发生络合反应．可能是铜离子与种植水中某些抑藻化感物质发生络合反应导致其抑藻效应受到影响．具体机制有待进一步研究。     

铬（Ⅲ）和铬（Ⅵ）的离子色谱分析

本文对水样中Ｃｄｒ和Ｃｒ的离子色谱分析结果表明：Ｃｒ经柱前衍生，与ＣＣｒｔＯ＾２－４状态存在的Ｃｒ在阴离子交换柱上分离，用光度法检测。Ｃｒ和Ｃｒ以最低检出限分别为３０μｇ．ｌ＾－１和１μｇ．ｌ＾－１，常见阴，阳离子不干扰。     

离子色谱法测定海水中的铵离子

采用新型柱填料的阳离子色谱柱,改善了铵离子与钾离子,钠离子的分离度,消除了大量钾离子和钠离子对铵离子测定的干扰。在硫酸和甲烷磺酸两种分离体系中,铵离子的检出限分别达到０．１ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１和０．０５ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１,线性范围分别为０．２－５０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１和０．１－５０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１。在两种淋洗条件下测定复杂基体海水中的铵离子,所得结果一致,该方法简便易行,灵敏度高。     

Cu(Ⅱ)离子在Micrococcus luteus细菌上的吸附机理

采用红外光谱分析法、扫描电子显微镜－X射线能量散射光谱和离子交换实验探讨了Cu（Ⅱ）离子与Micrococcus luteus细菌可能的作用机理。结果表明，Cu（Ⅱ）离子与细菌中常见离子如K^ ，Na^ ，Mg^2 和Ca^2 之间存在着离子交换作用，但并不是唯一的，同时还存在着Cu（Ⅱ）离子与带负电荷细菌表面的静电吸引作用，当溶液pH值较高时，Cu（Ⅱ）离子又可能形成氢氧化物微沉淀沉积在细胞表面。     

土壤中二价铁离子的伏安法测定

利用二价铁离子的联吡啶络合物,示差脉冲伏安法测定土壤中的二价铁离子．结果表明:二价铁离子的浓度与铁联吡啶络合物的峰电流在１．６×１０－６－９．８×１０－６ｍｏｌ·ｌ－１和９．８×１０－６－６．６× １０－５ｍｏｌ·ｌ－１浓度范围内成正比,检测下限为４．１× １０－７ｍｏｌ·ｌ－１,相对标准偏差为０．８４%(ｎ＝６)．在该方法中,联吡啶的浓度对二价铁离子联吡啶络合物的峰电位、峰电流及半峰宽度有影响,而测定体系的ｐＨ值和支持电解质的浓度对二价铁离子联吡啶络合物的峰电位、峰电流及半峰宽度影响较小．     

转化血型用蕃茄α－D－半乳糖苷酶的分离、纯化及理化性质

成熟蕃茄匀浆后，经硫酸铵盐析，ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０离子交换层析，ＳｅｐａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶过滤和Ｍｅｌｉｂｉｏｓｅ－Ａｇａｒｏｓｅ亲和层析，获得了α－Ｄ－半乳糖苷酶（Ｃ．Ｅ．３．２．１．１１）。酶制剂经ＰＡＧＥ检测为一条带；ＳＤＳ－Ｇ－ＰＡＧＥ测得酶Ｍｒ为３４０００；比活力５２．９Ｕ／ｍｇ·；提纯倍数为５２９０１产率为４５％．酶专－催化以α－Ｄ－半乳糖为末端ａ－（１，３）连接的糖苷键，以ＰＮＰＧ（对硝基苯－α－Ｄ－半乳糖昔）为废物，酶催化反应的Ｋｍ＝０．１１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｖｍａｘ为６７μｍｏｌ·ｍｇ１－·ｍｉｎ－１．ｔ稳定范是０～３５℃；ＰＨ稳定范围是４．０～７．０．最适ｐＨ为５．１．半乳糖是酶的竞争性抑制剂；Ｃｕ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｇ＋和ＥＤＴＡ对酶活性无影响．纯酶制剂可作为Ｂ型血向Ｏ型血转化的工具酶液．     

Elemental composition (C,N,H) in larval and crab-1 stages of Pagurus bernhardus (Decapoda,Paguridae) and Carcinus maenas (Decapoda,Portunidae)

Analyses of individual content of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and hydrogen (H) were carried out for all larval stages of Pagurus bernhardus and Carcinus maenas, and for newly metamorphosed crabs. Maximum range in total larval development is 12.8 to 165.8 g C, 3.2 to 35.1 g N, and 1.9 to 24.9 g H in P. bernhardus and 3.1 to 43.2 g C, 0.7 to 10.1 g N, and 0.4 to 6.3 g H in C. maenas. From these data energy equivalents were calculated. Maximum range in total larval life is 0.43 to 6.38 J ind. ^-1 in P. bernhardus and 0.1 to 1.49 J ind. ^-1 in C. maenas. There is a 32.4% mean loss of energy in P. bernhardus megalopa development; this seems to describe the normal developmental pattern in this stage. Biomass was determined as fresh and dry weight respectively. Individual dry weight is about 3.6 to 5.6 times higher in P. bernhardus (44 to 340 g) than in C. maenas (12 to 93 g) larvae.Contribution to research project Experimentelle marine Ökosystemanalyse sponsored by Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Grant No. MFU-0328/1)     

Cu~(2 )对长江华溪蟹的毒性作用

人工控制条件下 ,初步研究了长江华溪蟹 (Sinopotamonyangtsekiense)对Cu2 的毒性反应 ,并探讨其作为环境监测生物的可能性 .结果表明 ,随浓度的升高、浸药时间的延长 ,Cu2 对长江华溪蟹的毒性增大 .Cu2 的毒性与长江华溪蟹性别也有密切关系 ,雄性个体对Cu2 的忍耐度低于雌性个体 ;对达到性成熟的长江华溪蟹个体 ,Cu2 毒性与其大小无明显相关性 .温度影响Cu2 对长江华溪蟹的毒性 ,较高温度 (18℃ )下的毒性高于较低温度 (14℃ )下的毒性 .图 3表 1参 16     

The sex pheromone of the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae (Fab.) (Homoptera,Aphididae)

Summary The sex pheromone of the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae (Fab.), is identified as (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone, for which specific olfactory cells are located in the secondary rhinaria of the male antenna. The related (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol was not produced by females in significant amounts (ca 10,000-fold less than the nepetalactone), although cells in the male antenna were found that responded specifically to this compound. Behavioural activity in the linear track ol-factometer showed attraction of males to the nepetalactone, but not to the nepetalactol.     

Hydrolithon spp. (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) overgrow live corals (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) in Yemen

In Yemen, off the northwestern coast in the Gulf of Aden, the coralline algae Hydrolithon rupestre (Foslie) Penrose 1996 and H. murakoshii Iryu and Matsuda 1996 have been observed to overgrow and kill living Porites lutea Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1860. Similarly, Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling 1992 and H. rupestre were observed overgrowing Stylophora pistillata (Esper, 1797). Competitive interactions between P. lutea and H. murakoshii were monitored from 2006 to 2009 at two sites and showed an average linear growth of 8.3 (±1.9 SD) mm?year^?1 over the coral. The small polyps of S. pistillata and P. lutea combined with putative chemical compounds produced by Hydrolithon spp. are likely to allow the coralline overgrowth. Although corallines can locally kill coral tissues, the CCA/coral interactions do not seem to affect the overall live coral cover at the study sites.     

龙口褐煤对Ni^2＋,Mn^2＋,Hg^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特性

本文以龙口褐煤作吸附剂,对重金属离子Ｎｉ＾２,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究,探讨了吸附剂的吸附性能,影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明：褐煤对Ｎｉ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋,Ｈｇ＾２＋的吸附均表现出Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ特征,ＰＨ值是影响吸附的一个重要因素。     

Diet of some Antarctic nudibranchs (Gastropoda,Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia)

Austrodoris kerguelenensis feeds on sponges of the genera Rosella and Scolymastra; Aegires albus, on Hexactinellida (Porifera); and Tritoniella belli, probably on non-determined synascidians. Bathydoris clavigera and B. hodgsoni are omnivorous.     

Asexual repooduction in Glossobalanus crozieri (Ptychoderidae,Enteropneusta, Hemichordata)

Several aspects of asexual reproduction in Glossobalanus crozieri (a species first found in Bermuda, but occurring also on the coast of Brazil) have been observed. The results are compared with those by earlier authors on other species of Enteropneusta. A revision of asexual reproduction in the Enteropneusta (Hemichordata) is made. Developmental rates and regeneration were studied in branchiogenital individuals, hepatic individuals and regenerands. The habitat where these forms are found is described. Possible meaning of gonad maturation and sexual reproduction in relation to asexual reproduction in different species is discussed. The need for further studies on the variation of forms which reproduce both sexually and asexually is emphasized, with a view to taxonomic problems, based both upon the proportions of the different body regions and on the number of branchial pores. The present findings indicate that, when compared to the results reported for other species, asexual reproduction in all ptychoderids (Balanoglossus, Glossobalanus and Ptychodera) follows the same general pattern. The phenomenon of asexual reproduction in this group is also confirmed to be worldwide.     

海带对镉、铅的吸附作用及其机理

利用大型海藻海带(Laminaria japonica)作为可降解性生物吸附材料,对有害重金属镉离子和铅离子的吸附作用和机理进行了研究.结果显示,通过电位差滴定法,得到海带的酸性基数量为1.25mmol.g-1,其解离常数为0.18 mmol.l-1.对平衡吸附量与pH的关系进行了模型模拟.海带对于金属离子的吸附为Bidentate型,吸附平衡常数分别为5.72×103L.mol-1,6.28×104L.mol-1.同时,采用拟二次速度模型对镉离子和铅离子的吸附速度进行了模拟,得到的吸附速度常数分别为0.010 min-1,0.014min-1.结论,海带对二价镉、铝离子的吸附量大于很多其它藻类吸附剂,对它的研究可为重金属化湖泊水质的改善和生态修复提供参考依据.     

Microbiological degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Anthracene,benzo(K)fluoranthene,dibenzothiophene, benzo(H) quinoline and 2‐nitronaphthalene

Biodegradation experiments of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were studied with mixed bacteria culture under aerobic conditions. An easy‐to‐handle clean‐up procedure was developed for PAH and their metabolites simultaneously as well as a gc‐ms‐method to identify and quantify these compounds.

Anthracene and dibenzothiophene are completely degradable in an aqeous system, whereas biodegradation of benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(h)quinoline is possible only in an oil‐in‐water‐system with dodecane as cosubstrate. No degradation of nitronaphthalene was observed in aqueous systems. New metabolites are 2,3‐dihydroxybenzothiophene, hydroxybenzothiophenecarbonic acid and benzothiophenequinone for dibenzothiophene and hydroxyfluoranthenic acid for benzo(k)flouranthene. Whereas the former metabolites are degradable under the experimental conditions, the latter accumulates during the degradation experiment.

The results are important for microbiological wastewater treatment, since knowledge of biodegradation processes is indespensable for the successful treatment of PAH‐containing wastewater.