一株微生物絮凝剂产生菌的絮凝特性及处理气田废水研究

从土壤中分离、筛选得到一株稳定高效的微生物絮凝剂产生菌,命名为B—27。考察了碳源、氮源、pH、温度、培养时间等多种因素对絮凝剂(命名MBF—27)絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明,当碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为酵母膏、pH为7.0、温度为35℃、培养时间为72h时,絮凝剂MBF—27对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率可达93.8%。红外光谱扫描分析表明,该絮凝剂的主要成分为多糖类物质。同时,生物絮凝剂MBF—27对气田废水的COD和色度去除率分别达到60.77%和86.1%,优于传统的絮凝剂聚乙烯丙胺(PAM)和三氯化铁(FeCl3)。     

絮凝剂XN98处理油田聚合物驱含油污水

通过筛选复配得到絮凝剂XN98,该絮凝剂由五种成分组成,其中以无机絮凝剂为主,含有少量有机絮凝剂。该絮凝剂处理油田聚合物驱含油污水效果良好,絮凝剂用量为50 mg/L时,处理后水质可以达到中、高渗透层含聚污水处理指标。絮凝剂XN98处理聚合物驱污水的药剂成本约为0.2元/t,约为PAC（聚铝）的三分之一。     

絮凝剂的开发及其应用进展

文章对无机絮凝剂、有机高分子絮凝剂、微生物絮凝剂(MBF)和其他絮凝剂进行了介绍,综述了絮凝剂的研究现状,对以上几种絮凝剂在废水处理等领域中的应用情况进行了阐述。比较了几种絮凝剂的特点,并对絮凝剂的发展趋势进行分析和展望。     

新型生物絮凝剂的研究

本文对近两年来新型生物絮凝剂的研究报道进行了综述。这些新型生物絮凝剂的研究领域包括复合型生物絮凝剂的研制,微生物絮凝剂与其它絮凝剂的复配,微生物絮凝剂的生物学研究,以及微生物絮凝剂培养条件的优化等。并对今后生物絮凝刺的研发方向进行了展望。     

新型絮凝剂室内评价试验

通过对比国外的有机絮凝剂和无机絮凝剂复配使用情况,对钻井污水用新型絮凝剂一有机一无机复合絮凝剂ＷＢＹ进行了评价,结果证明该絮凝剂能经济、高效地处理钻井污水。     

微生物絮凝剂研究进展

相对于传统絮凝剂而言,微生物絮凝剂具有絮凝范围广、絮凝活性高、安全无害、无二次污染、可为生物降解等优点。本文综述了微生物絮凝剂的发展历程,详细介绍了微生物絮凝剂的特性,分析了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝性能影响因素,指出被絮凝物质的性能、温度、pH值、金属离子、絮凝剂的浓度及附位点均对微生物的絮凝性能具有一定程度的影响。指出了当前微生物絮凝剂研究的不足及今后研究的侧重点,对开展微生物絮凝剂的研究具有重要的参考价值。     

污泥脱水药剂中试试验研究

江苏某填埋场垃圾渗滤液的剩余污泥经脱水后含水率为88％左右,难以满足填埋要求,而且离心后的滤液中SS浓度较高,会对污水处理产生较大的负面影响.为解决该问题,开展了污泥深度脱水中试试验,通过分析絮凝剂的投加量以及多种絮凝剂组合投加对污泥脱水的效果,并对污泥离心滤液的各项指标进行分析,优选出最佳药剂组合方式及投加量.中试试...     

微生物絮凝剂的研究现状与发展趋势

相对于传统絮凝剂而言,微生物絮凝剂具有絮凝效果好、应用范围广、易生物降解、对环境安全、无二次污染的特点。文章综述了微生物絮凝剂的类型和特点,详细阐述了其絮凝机理,分析了影响微生物絮凝剂絮凝性能的因素以及微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。指出了当前微生物絮凝剂研究存在的问题以及今后的发展趋势。     

气田水处理药剂的筛选及应用

为了确保气田水水质处理效果,除正确选择水处理工艺和装置外,还必须选择相应的化学处理药剂。针对川东气田水水质状况,对多种絮凝剂进行了评价和筛选室内实验。综合考虑5种药剂性能和价格,无机絮凝剂选择TSY4-1效果较好;综合考虑5种处理方法的效果和药剂价格,选择TSY4-2有机絮凝剂作有机浮选剂效果较好。为验证室内实验结果,在川东气田池34井和卧20井气田水处理站分别进行了现场应用实验。结果表明筛选的组合配方药剂完全能够替代进口水处理药剂,能满足川东气田水水质处理的需要。     

主成分分析法在辽河水质评价中的应用

在水质评价中,表示某一流域水质情况的指标众多,而不同的指标间往往存在不同程度的相关性。其中有些相关性甚至非常显著,这使它们提供的信息有可能发生重叠。用主成分分析综合处理可以产生新的指标,而这些新的指标彼此互补相关又能综合反映水质的情况。本文通过应用主成分分析逐步降维综合处理的特性对辽河水质进行评价,对辽河四个断面的污染程度做了综合评价。然后再应用主成分分析法选取主要污染指标,结合迭代聚类模型对主成分分析得到的结果进行分类。     

模糊数学在大气环境质量评价中的应用

本文应用模糊数学方法对近年宜宾市城区大气环境质量进行综合评价,并与常用的其它几个模式进行可比分析,其更能描述大气污染程度的特点。因此,模糊综合评判法对大气环境质量评价是较为理想的一种评价方法,它具有较强的实用性。     

WTO规则对西部开发的风险及机遇浅探

随着中国加入WTO进程的加快和西部大开发战略的实施，依法治国无疑是改善投资环境、促进西部开发的最有效手段之一。本文根据WTO基本原则与法制经济的相互关系和影响深入浅出地论述了WTO对西部开发的风险及机遇，并提出了针对性的策略和措施。     

Estimation of subsidies on coal in India

The removal of energy subsidies is considered to be the first step towards a better environment. In order to pursue a policy for subsidy removal, one needs to know exactly the amount of subsidies accorded to different fuels. In this paper, the subsidies involved in the coal sector in India are estimated. Existing prices are reviewed, economic prices are estimated and the two are compared to arrive at appropriate subsidies or taxes. The subsidies are also distributed among different sectors and policy implications of subsidy removal are discussed. Finally, the need to have a larger data sample to study the coal industry is stressed, in order to better understand the cost structure .     

Wetland Mitigation Compliance in the Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan

The Army Corps of Engineers (ACE) is generally responsible for the implementation of federal Clean Water Act wetland regulations. It therefore plays an important role in the protection of wetlands within the United States. Unfortunately, past evaluators of ACEs implementation of these regulations found low rates of regulatory compliance. However, the fact that two states have taken responsibility for the implementation of these regulations within their boundaries provided the opportunity to assess whether one of these states might be doing a better job of enforcement. This paper reports on compliance with some of these regulations within one Michigan region. We evaluated permittee compliance with paperwork filing requirements related to wetland mitigation projects. Sixty-seven percent of county road commission permittees were out of compliance with at least one filing requirement. Forty percent of private and non-county government permittees were out of compliance. Our results therefore suggest that serious problems exist with Michigans implementation of wetland regulations. They do not suggest that compliance in this state is significantly better than in states under ACE administration. We believe that increased agency monitoring and enforcement would improve compliance.     

COMPARISON OF PARAMETRIC TAIL ESTIMATORS FOR LOW‐FLOW FREQUENCY ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: In recent years, several approaches to hydrologic frequency analysis have been proposed that enable one to direct attention to that portion of an overall probability distribution that is of greatest interest. The majority of the studies have focused on the upper tail of a distribution for flood analyses, though the same ideas can be applied to low flows. This paper presents an evaluation of the performances of five different estimation methods that place an emphasis on fitting the lower tail of the lognormal distribution for estimation of the ten‐year low‐flow quantile. The methods compared include distributional truncation, MLE treatment of censored data, partial probability weighted moments, LL‐moments, and expected moments. It is concluded that while there are some differences among the alternative methods in terms of their biases and root mean square errors, no one method consistently performs better than the others, particularly with recognition that the underlying population distribution is unknown. Therefore, it seems perfectly legitimate to make a selection of a method on the basis other criteria, such as ease of use. It is also shown in this paper that the five alternative methods can perform about as well as, if not better than, an estimation strategy involving fitting the complete lognormal distribution using L‐moments.     

风水与环境

“风水”的基本思想是“天人合一”，它重视人与自然的内在联系，崇尚自然，尊重环境。本文旨在通过现代科学的阐述，从环境学的角度来看待风水与人的关系，挖掘风水中的科学精髓，让其能更好的为时所用。     

Recycling and householder attitudes: A survey of Norwich

This paper incorporates the results of a survey of recycling activity and attitudes in one UK community, the city of Norwich. The principal aims of the study were to identify the operation of the local market in secondary materials and to assess householder attitudes towards new recycling ventures and the use of recycled paper products. The main findings of the study indicate that a well established secondary paper and metals markets does exist in Norwich. Householder attitudes to recycled products seem, as far as paper is concerned, to depend upon the quality (texture and colour) of the products. As for the collection of secondary materials, better deployment of existing volunteer/charity based groups would appear to be a more ‘economic’ strategy than direct local authority involvement.     

个人行为改善与减缓气候变暖研究

不断增加的能源消耗造成温室气体排放的增加，导致气候变暖，并且气候变暖在日益加剧。个人行为也是造成气候变暖的重要原因之一。应对气候变暖，除采取清洁发展机制等从排放源减少排放外，改善人们行为来减少排放也是实现气候目标的重要途径。本文在分析了个人行为对气候的影响、个人行为改善的途径及促进个人行为改善实例研究的基础上，提出了促进改善个人行为、减缓气候变暖的建议。     

特高含硫油气田废水中阴离子（F－、Cl－、Br－、SO）的离子色谱测定

论述了用国产的低压离子色谱仪、电导检测器作为测定特高含硫油气田废水中Ｆ－、Ｃｌ－、Ｂｒ－、ＳＯ离子的可行性，并讨论了分析条件、最低检出限、精密度、准确度以及干扰等，及对国家标样及实际样品进行了测定。结果表明该法简单、快速、灵敏、准确，是目前较为理想的测定特高含硫油气田废水中无机阴离子的方法。     

The birth and death of a local initiative: Challenges of and lessons from the 'Bakassi' Vigilante Group in Southeastern Nigeria

Violent crime has plagued Nigerian society. It is in this context that some traders in the southeastern part of the country put together the Bakassi Boys—a security apparatus to parallel the Nigeria Police. The Bakassi attracted both praise and criticism. In this paper, I review the Bakassi phenomenon as a local initiative that tried to integrate elements of the traditional cosmology and ways of policing in response to the escalation of crime. The Bakassi being a child of crisis, there were flaws in their operation. By exploring the lessons that one can learn from the Bakassi experiment and outlining the challenges that it poses, one might hope to harness the lessons of a local initiative that failed in order to respond better to the socio-political issues that engineered its emergence.