添加粉煤灰对污泥比阻影响的研究

污泥脱水是污泥处理中重要的一环。本研究采用电厂废弃物粉煤灰对未脱水污泥改性，经过改性的污泥比阻降低，改善污泥脱水性能，并对产生这一现象的机制进行了探讨。     

添加粉煤灰对污泥比阻影响的研究

污泥脱水是污泥处理中重要的一环.本研究采用电厂废弃物粉煤灰对未脱水污泥改性,经过改性的污泥比阻降低,改善污泥脱水性能,并对产生这一现象的机制进行了探讨.     

污泥基活性炭吸附Cu2+的应用研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,以ZnCl₂为活化剂制取污泥基活性炭。以此污泥基活性炭为吸附剂,对含Cu²⁺的废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液pH值、Cu²⁺的起始浓度对Cu²⁺离子吸附量的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了污泥基活性炭吸附剂吸附Cu²⁺的动力学方程。实验结果表明,污泥基活性炭对Cu²⁺具有良好的吸附性能。吸附的最佳pH值为5;吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,吸附为优惠吸附,吸附量随着吸附质溶液浓度的增加而增大;吸附平衡时间为4 h,吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程。     

污泥基活性炭吸附Cu（2＋）的应用研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,以ZnCl2为活化剂制取污泥基活性炭。以此污泥基活性炭为吸附剂,对含Cu2＋的废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液pH值、Cu2＋的起始浓度对Cu2＋离子吸附量的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了污泥基活性炭吸附剂吸附Cu2＋的动力学方程。实验结果表明,污泥基活性炭对Cu2＋具有良好的吸附性能。吸附的最佳pH值为5;吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,吸附为优惠吸附,吸附量随着吸附质溶液浓度的增加而增大;吸附平衡时间为4 h,吸附动力学符合二级动力学方程。     

磷酸活化-微波热解改性污泥对镉的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,利用磷酸活化-微波热解制取改性污泥。以此污泥作为吸附剂,对含Cd2+废水进行了吸附实验研究。考察了溶液反应时间、Cd2+浓度、pH值和吸附剂用量对镉吸附去除效果的影响;利用等温吸附实验作出吸附等温线,并考察了改性污泥吸附剂吸附Cd2+的动力学方程。实验结果表明,改性污泥对Cd2+有良好的吸附性能,吸附最佳pH值为6.0,吸附较好地符合一级动力学吸附模型和Langmuir-Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附为物理吸附,吸附反应发生12 h后达到吸附平衡。     

Removal of azo dye from water by magnetite adsorption-Fenton oxidation.

The aim of this study is to highlight the possibility of using powder magnetite adsorption-Fenton oxidation as a method for removal of azo dye acid red B (ARB) from water. The adsorption properties of magnetite powder towards ARB were studied. The oxidation of adsorbed ARB and regeneration of magnetite adsorbent at the same time by Fenton reagent (hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] + iron (II) [Fe2+]) in another treatment unit with a smaller volume was also investigated. The efficiency of Fenton oxidation of ARB was compared for the reaction carried out in solution and on magnetite. The magnetic separation method was used to recover magnetite after adsorption or regeneration. The results indicated that the adsorption rate was fast. The capacity was strongly dependent on pH and inorganic anions, and pH 3.8 was optimal for the adsorption of ARB. The adsorption can be described well using the Langmuir model. The oxidation was more efficient for ARB adsorbed on magnetite than in solution. The adsorption capacity of magnetite increased significantly after regeneration, which was the result of an increase in surface area of the adsorbent and change of elemental ratio (oxygen:iron [O:Fe]) on the surface. The maximum adsorption capacity for ARB was 32.4 mg/g adsorbent.     

Investigation on the photoreactions of nitrate and nitrite ions with selected azaarenes in water

The photoreactions of selected azaarenes with nitrate and nitrite ions were investigated under irradiation at lambda = 313 nm. The excitation of both anions leads to several photochemical reactions forming mainly hydroxyl radicals and nitrogen oxides. The purification capability of natural waters i.e. the oxidation of inorganic and organic substances results from the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Nitrated isomers of azaarenes were found among the main products of the investigated photoreactions. The nitrogen oxides were responsible for the production of nitrated derivatives which possess a high toxic potential. Their formation was explained by the parallel occurance of two mechanism, a molecular and a radical one. The molecular mechanism became more important with increasing ionisation potentials of the azaarenes. The spectrum of oxidized products corresponded to the one got in the photoreactions of azaarenes with hydrogen peroxide. The formation of several oxidation and nitration products of the pyridine ring with its low electron density was explained by the reaction of excited states of azaarenes. The photoreactions with nitrite ions only led to the formation of oxidized and nitrated products. Nitroso products were not formed. The reactivity of nitrogen monoxide is too low for its reaction with the azaarenes.     

大孔树脂吸附去除水中的2,4,6-三硝基甲苯

研究了2种大孔树脂XAD-4和NDA-804对水中的TNT的吸附行为。2种树脂对TNT的吸附等温线表明,温度的升高有利于吸附,在35℃条件下XAD-4树脂与NDA-804树脂对TNT的最高平衡吸附量分别达82.86 mg/g和94.26mg/g。采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程用于吸附等温线的解释,结果表明,吸附等温线更加符合Langmuir模型,相关系数均大于0.99。TNT在2种树脂上的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,TNT初始浓度越低,达到吸附平衡所需时间越短,在1 h内可达到吸附平衡。采用NDA-804处理对TNT废水,废水中TNT浓度由103.58 mg/L降至0.4 mg/L,去除率达99.6%,吸附后的树脂采用pH=2的乙醇和盐酸的混合液脱附可再生,高浓度再生溶液经蒸馏可回收TNT,实现了废水治理与资源化。     

废印制线路板真空热解渣分选与组成分析的研究

在自行设计制备的真空热解炉中进行了废印制线路板的热解实验,得到固体、液体和气体产物。着重研究了热解固体渣中金属铜和非金属玻璃纤维的物理分选、热解固体渣分析及有氧煅烧对玻璃纤维纯度的影响。结果表明,物理分选效率很高,金属铜的回收率和纯度接近100%;热解固体渣含30.35%的铜、56.21%的玻璃纤维和13.45%的炭黑;有氧煅烧去除炭黑可得到高纯度的玻璃纤维。     

高铁酸盐氧化降解水中苯酚的动力学及机理研究

以自制高铁酸钾(K₂FeO₄)为原料,探讨了影响高铁酸盐氧化降解苯酚的主要因素,并研究了苯酚降解的动力学特征和反应机理。结果表明,高铁酸盐加入量、pH值、持续搅拌、反应温度、反应时间都影响苯酚去除效果。其中高铁酸盐加入量是影响苯酚去除效果的关键因素,高铁酸盐氧化降解苯酚的最佳pH值范围为9～10,持续搅拌和提高反应温度只影响苯酚降解速率而不影响苯酚降解率。苯酚的降解过程遵循一级反应动力学模型。苯酚被高铁酸盐氧化生成CO₂、H₂O以及一部分难矿化的有机物。     

Prediction of adsorption rate of phosphate removal from wastewater with gas concrete

Gas concrete, a conventional structural material, is used to remove phosphate from wastewater. A batch study of phosphate removal from wastewater with waste particles of gas concrete has been performed. The concentration-time graphs were plotted against pH, temperature, and agitation speed, and the reaction rate equation was adapted to adsorption. The differential method was used to define reaction rate. The adsorption rates, reaction rate constants, and reaction rates were determined by tangent lines of drawn curves at different concentrations, depending on pH, temperature, and agitation speed. The adsorption rate increased with pH and temperature. The maximum effect of agitation speed on the adsorption rate was observed at 150 rpm. The activation energy of reaction and the pre-exponential factor were calculated using the Arrhenius equilibrium equation. The zeta potentials of waste gas concrete were determined at various pH values. The surface area of gas concrete was obtained using BET apparatus as 22 m2/g. The composition of gas concrete was determined by X-ray diffractometry. The results indicate that gas concrete is an effective adsorbent to remove phosphate from wastewater.     

萃取净化电镀含镉废水

研究了二壬基萘磺酸(DNNSA)形成的微乳液从模拟含镉废水中萃取镉离子的工艺条件。分别考察了相体积比(O/A)、萃取时间、温度及萃取剂浓度对废水中镉离子萃取的影响。结果表明,萃取平衡时间为10 mim,降低温度及增加萃取剂浓度均有利于萃取。紫外光谱证实当DNNSA萃取镉时,所形成萃合物对萘环的结构无影响,且不会破坏微乳相的结构;分子荧光光谱表明镉离子对配体DNNSA有荧光猝灭作用。     

Lead biosorption and desorption by intact and pretreated spirulina maxima biomass

In order to search for locally available and untried biomaterials in China with high removal capacity of heavy metals from wastewater, the feasibility of Spirulina maxima as biosorbent for lead removal and recovery from aqueous solution was investigated. The lead biosorption was studied by using intact biomass and pretreated biomass of S. maxima. The effects of operational conditions (e.g. pH, contact time, biomass concentration etc.) on lead biosorption were investigated. The biosorption was solution pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of about 5.5. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 60 min. The biosorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum removal ratios of lead were about 84% in intact biomass and 92% in pretreated biomass. The lead adsorbed could be desorbed effectively by 0.1 M nitric acid, EDTA and hydrochloric acid. The results in this study indicated that pretreated biomass of S. maxima was a promising candidate for removing lead from wastewater.     

基于神经网络的活性污泥系统建模及其控制

针对松江污水厂污水处理活性污泥系统,采用神经网络技术进行建模试验研究,在对实际运行数据剔除异常数据后,将样本数据随机分成训练样本、检验样本和测试样本.用试凑法确定合理的神经网络隐层节点数,用检验样本实时监控训练过程从而避免"过训练"现象,用多次改变网络初始连接权值求得全局极小点,从而建立了泛化能力较好的基于神经网络的活性污泥系统数学模型.利用建立的神经网络模型,对活性污泥系统运行情况的仿真与控制进行了分析研究.示例研究表明:神经网络技术能较好地应用于活性污泥系统的建模与控制,有很好的理论与实践意义.     

不同功能区空气负离子的监测分析

监测了西宁地区不同功能区空气负离子状况，以公园游览区空气负离子浓度最高，平均３５８个／ｃｍ＾３；工业区最低，平均浓度２５９个／ｃｍ＾３。各功能区空气负离子浓度明显不同，Ｐ〈０．０１。用空气负离子浓度、空气离子单级系数和安培空气质量评价指数评价各功能区空气质量，从好到差依次为：公园游览区、生活居住区、商业交通繁忙区、工业区。３种评价指标结果相同，符合一般规律。     

低温等离子体氧化水中难降解有机物研究

实验将介质阻挡放电与电晕放电组合在同一个反应器内,实验废水为直接大红染料溶液,将高压电极上通人50 Hz交流高压电,介质阻挡放电系统的电极间距为30 mm、电晕放电系统电极间距为25 mm、电源电压20 kV,利用常压空气中形成的雾化水电极介质阻挡放电/电晕放电低温等离子体及其活性基团作用于难降解有机物分子.实验分析了...     

纳米生态基对水产养殖污水的处理效果

采用三因子四水平的正交设计,实验研究了纳米生态基在不同温度、溶解氧和水力停留时间下对水产养殖污水的处理效果,确定了纳米生态基处理养殖污水的最佳条件。结果表明,含氨氮和亚硝氮浓度较高的模拟养殖污水用纳米生态基挂膜,所需时间约为22 d。纳米生态基对氨氮的去除效果明显,平均去除率达到93.5%。对氨氮去除率的影响程度,水力停留时间>温度>溶解氧。当温度为30℃,DO为5.43 mg/L,HRT为0.33 h时,纳米生态基对氨氮的处理能力最佳,去除率达到94.6%。纳米生态基对亚硝氮的平均去除率为69.3%。对亚硝氮去除率的影响程度,水力停留时间>溶解氧>温度。当温度为21℃,DO为6.40 mg/L,HRT为0.33 h时,纳米生态基对亚硝氮的处理能力最佳,去除率为71.5%。纳米生态基处理养殖污水的最佳条件:温度为30℃,DO为6.40 mg/L,HRT为0.33 h。     

Heavy metal speciation and phytotoxic effects of three representative sewage sludges for agricultural uses

The environmental impact of sewage sludges depends on the availability and phytotoxicity of their heavy metal. The influence of representative sludges (dewatered anaerobic, pelletization, and composted sludge) on the availability of heavy metals, and their effects on seed germination were compared. The total heavy metal concentrations were below the maximum permitted for land-applied waste and the differences among them were small. The DTPA-extracted metal concentrations were rather different. The sequential extraction of the compost showed a slight increase in Cd and Cu availability, and a decrease in the availability of Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn. Pelletization increased the availability of Ni and slightly reduced that of Cr. The dewatering sludge led to greater availability of Cr and Mn but reduced the concentration of Cd. The three different sludges also affected seed germination and root elongation in different ways. The most serious adverse effects were caused by the dewatered sludge extract.     

染整废水处理工程设计

采用“生物接触氧化 +混凝气浮 +生物炭”工艺处理染整废水 ,COD去除率可达到 90 %以上 ,工程实践表明 ,该工艺处理效果好 ,运行稳定 ,投资省 ,处理后出水可达标排放     

江苏省典型铅酸蓄电池企业周围环境铅污染水平调查

目的调查江苏省典型铅酸蓄电池企业对周围环境的影响。方法按照国家相关标准和规范对该企业内、外的环境样品进行检测。结果下风向区土壤铅含量中位数均明显高于上风向区域(L相似文献