A ternary CdS/AgBr/Ag3PO4 nanocomposite: characterization and the kinetics of its photocatalytic activity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A ternary CdS/AgBr/Ag3PO4 coupled system was prepared, characterized by different techniques, and used for the photodegradation of methylene blue...     

Catalytic performance of Ag/Al2O3-C2H5OH-Cu/Al2O3 system for the removal of NOx from diesel engine exhaust

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx by C(2)H(5)OH was studied in excess oxygen over Ag/Al(2)O(3) catalysts with different Ag loadings at lab conditions. The 4% Ag/Al(2)O(3) has the highest activity for the C(2)H(5)OH-SCR of NOx with a drawback of simultaneously producing CO and unburned THC in effluent gases. An oxidation catalyst 10% Cu/Al(2)O(3) was directly placed after the Ag/Al(2)O(3) to remove CO and unburned THC. Washcoated honeycomb catalysts were prepared based on the 4% Ag/Al(2)O(3) and 10% Cu/Al(2)O(3) powders and tested for the C(2)H(5)OH-SCR of NOx on a diesel engine at the practical operating conditions. Compared with the Ag/Al(2)O(3) powder, the Ag/Al(2)O(3) washcoated honeycomb catalyst (SCR catalyst) has a similar activity for NOx reduction by C(2)H(5)OH and the drawback of increasing the CO and unburned THC emissions. Using the SCR+Oxi composite catalyst with the optimization of C(2)H(5)OH addition, the diesel engine completely meets EURO III emission standards.     

脉冲放电协同Ag改性Mn-TiO2/分子筛催化剂去除甲醛

为进一步提高Mn-TiO2/分子筛催化剂和等离子体协同的催化活性,增加CO2选择性,减少O3产量。以5A分子筛为催化剂载体,采用浸渍法并利用Ag改性制备了Ag-Mn-TiO2/分子筛催化剂,并运用XRD、SEM、EDS和FT-IR等技术对催化剂进行了表征。在针-板式高压脉冲反应器中研究了Ag的负载量与焙烧温度对Ag-Mn-TiO2/分子筛催化剂的催化活性、CO2选择性和O3的产量的影响。结果表明：掺杂Ag后,促进Mn价态向+4价转变,提高了Mn-TiO2/分子筛催化剂活性;焙烧温度为500℃时,Ag和Mn在分子筛上分布均匀,有利于Ag和Mn氧化物晶粒成长。当脉冲电压20 kV,Ag负载量为4%时,Ag-Mn-TiO2/分子筛催化剂的甲醛去除率达到97.6%,O3浓度为99.4 mg·m-3,CO2选择性为50.2%。     

载银TiO2催化剂的制备与性能研究

本文是采用负载金属银对TiO2改性后得到了载银TiO2,利用不同反应时间的胭脂红降解率反映光催化氧化反应的速率,结果表明,载银TiO2比TiO2的催化反应速率提高了3倍.通过实验确定最佳含银量和催化剂最佳投加量,并讨论了载银TiO2的催化机理,提出了制取载银TiO2催化剂的方法.     

ZnO/AgBr复合微纳米球的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明B的性能

使用简单丙三醇-水混合溶剂热法制备碱式碳酸锌微纳米球前驱物,经退火得到ZnO微纳米球,通过液相沉淀法把AgBr纳米颗粒固定在ZnO微纳米球表面,在AgBr 和ZnO之间形成异质结有效地增强了 AgBr/ZnO复合物的光催化活性。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)与紫外可见分光光度计对样品物相、形貌、元素组成及光学性质进行表征。在可见光条件下,研究ZnO及不同AgBr量的ZnO/AgBr复合材料的光催化活性,结果表明：循环修饰5次AgBr的ZnO微纳米球(AgBr颗粒负载质量分数为5%,5%-AZ)样品对罗丹明B的光催化降解性能最好;该复合材料的光催化可重复性使用结果显示循环使用次数的增加,其光催化性能有下降的趋势。通过分析可知在光照条件下 AgBr的分解引起异质结构变化。     

催化剂对低温等离子体降解吸附态甲苯的影响

采用线管式介质阻挡反应器对低温等离子体循环降解甲苯进行研究,考察了吸附存储量、循环背景气体及不同催化剂成分对吸附态甲苯降解效果及副产物的影响,并进行了催化剂XRD分析及降解产物FT-IR分析。结果表明,氧气为循环背景气体时甲苯降解效果比空气时好。FT-IR分析显示催化剂的加入可使甲苯充分降解,显著提高COx产率、CO2选择性,减少副产物O3、N2O排放量。相同条件下,单组分催化剂对应COx产率依次为：Ce > Mn > Ag > Co,CO2选择性依次为：Ag > Mn > Co > Ce。双组分催化剂Mn/Ag、Ce/Ag可同时保持较高的COx产率和CO2选择性,氧气背景时COx产率分别达到80%、82%,CO2选择性均达到99.7%以上。空气背景时,Co对N2O的抑制效果最好,3组分催化剂Mn/Ag/Co、Ce/Ag/Co在保持较高的COx产率和CO2选择性同时可有效抑制N2O。     

Mn/GO复合催化剂催化氧化NO

针对尾气中NO浓度高且传统方法脱除NO代价高的问题,研究了锰固载氧化石墨诱导单过硫酸氢钾(PMS)催化氧化并吸收NO方法。通过浸渍法在氧化石墨上负载了Mn3O4制得Mn/GO催化剂,以此为催化剂催化PMS氧化NO。研究了pH、PMS投加量、催化剂投加量以及温度等因素对NO氧化率的影响。结果表明,该系列Mn/GO催化剂可以有效地诱导PMS氧化NO,热处理时间为7 h时催化效果最佳。同时,对Mn/GO(7 h)的FT-IR、XRD、SEM、EDS以及XPS表征可知,Mn3O4是主要的锰氧化物,并成功负载在GO表面。     

Ag/g-C3N4可见光催化降解磺胺甲恶唑的性能及机理

采用光还原方法成功地制备出了Ag/g-C3N4复合光催化剂,并考察了Ag/g-C3N4光催化剂在可见光下降解磺胺甲恶唑的效能、机理及各反应体系中间产物的生成情况,系统性地探究Ag/g-C3N4可见光降解磺胺甲恶唑的过程。实验结果表明,在g-C3N4中引入Ag纳米颗粒可以提高磺胺甲恶唑的降解效率。经可见光照射60 min后,Ag/g-C3N4-1、Ag/g-C3N4-3、Ag/g-C3N4-5、Ag/g-C3N4-8、Ag/g-C3N4-10降解磺胺甲恶唑的一级动力学常数比g-C3N4分别提高了1.29、1.76、3.41、4.82和7.12倍。这说明在可见光下,Ag/g-C3N4更适合于磺胺甲恶唑的高效降解。在Ag/g-C3N4可见光下降解磺胺甲恶唑的过程中,光生空穴和O2-·是主要活性物种,TP98、TP269和TP283是降解过程中的主要中间产物。其中,TP98主要由O2-·作用生成,TP269由·OH作用产生,而TP283受光生空穴的影响比较大。     

漂浮型Ag3PO4-g-C3N4共修饰TiO2复合可见光催化材料的除藻性能

以铝盐改性的膨胀珍珠岩为漂浮载体,使用溶胶凝胶-浸渍沉积法制备漂浮型Ag3PO4、氮化碳(g-C3N4)共修饰TiO2的可见光催化材料对铜绿微囊藻进行灭活,以获得高效、低耗的藻类水华控制方法。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、氮气吸附比表面积及孔径孔容分析仪(BET)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线光电能谱仪(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-vis DRS)等分析方法进行了材料表征。结果表明：Ag3PO4/TiO2的摩尔比变化可对催化剂的晶型结构、比表面积和表面官能团产生影响;Ag3PO4与g-C3N4对TiO2的共修饰可提高光催化剂的可见光响应;当Ag3PO4/TiO2的理论摩尔比为0.2时,催化剂的光催化除藻效果最佳;在催化剂的投加量为2 g·L−1,藻细胞的初始浓度为2.7×106 cells·mL−1时,经8 h可见光催化后,吸附-光催化对藻细胞的去除率达到85.19%。光催化除藻过程中起主要作用的活性基团贡献率为h+ > ∙OH > ∙${\rm{O}}_2^ - $,光催化剂在重复利用3次后,对藻细胞的去除率仍可达到74.41%。同时,考察了水中腐殖酸、叶绿素、硝酸盐和六价铬离子共存对该材料光催化去除铜绿微囊藻的影响。以上研究结果可为有害藻类污染水体修复技术选择提供参考。     

Ag/Ag2SO3 plasmonic catalysts with high activity and stability for CO2 reduction with water vapor under visible light

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The conversion of CO2 into useful raw materials for fuels and chemicals by solar energy is described using a plasmonic photocatalyst comprised of Ag...     

Catalytic reduction of N2O over Ag-Pd/Al2O3 bimetallic catalysts

A study of the catalytic conversion of N2O to N2 over a bimetallic Ag-Pd catalyst is described in this article. Several Ag-Pd catalytic systems were prepared supported on Al2O3 with different ratios and their catalytic activity for the direct decomposition of N2O and their reduction with CO was measured. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that Ag-Pd bimetallic catalyst (5-0.5%) was the most active for both nitrous oxide reduction and direct decomposition. This high activity seems to be connected with a synergistic effect between Ag and Pd.     

Ag-石墨烯的制备及修饰电极对对苯二酚的电催化氧化

以石墨为原料,用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨(GO),以葡萄糖为还原剂,采用一步还原法制备了Ag-石墨烯(Ag-Gr)纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)等手段对复合材料的结构及形貌进行了表征,并用循环伏安法考察了复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明:氧化石墨和银离子在葡萄糖的作用下,氧化石墨失去部分含氧官能团,被还原为石墨烯(Gr),银离子被还原为银纳米颗粒,均匀分布在石墨烯片层表面;在pH 值为7.0,Ag-石墨烯浓度为2.5 mg/mL时,Ag-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极对对苯二酚具有良好的电催化氧化作用。     

Interactive effects of CO2 and O3 on a ponderosa pine plant/litter/soil mesocosm.

To study individual and combined impacts of two important atmospheric trace gases, CO2 and O3, on C and N cycling in forest ecosystems; a multi-year experiment using a small-scale ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedling/soil/litter system was initiated in April 1998. The experiment was conducted in outdoor, sun-lit chambers where aboveground and belowground ecological processes could be studied in detail. This paper describes the approach and methodology used, and presents preliminary data for the first two growing seasons. CO2 treatments were ambient and elevated (ambient + 280 ppm). O3 treatments were elevated (hourly averages to 159 ppb, cumulative exposure > 60 ppb O3, SUM 06 approximately 10.37 ppm h), and a low control level (nearly all hourly averages <40 ppb. SUM 06 approximately 0.07 ppm h). Significant (P < 0.05) individual and interactive effects occurred with elevated CO2 and elevated O3. Elevated CO2 increased needle-level net photosynthetic rates over both seasons. Following the first season, the highest photosynthetic rates were for trees which had previously received elevated O3 in addition to elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 increased seedling stem diameters, with the greatest increase at low O3. Elevated CO2 decreased current year needle % N in the summer. For 1-year-old needles measured in the fall there was a decrease in % N with elevated CO2 at low O3, but an increase in % N with elevated CO2 at elevated O3. Nitrogen fixation (measured by acetylene reduction) was low in ponderosa pine litter and there were no significant CO2 or O3 effects. Neither elevated CO2 nor elevated O3 affected standing root biomass or root length density. Elevated O3 decreased the % N in coarse-fine (1-2 mm diameter) but not in fine (< 1 mm diameter) roots. Both elevated CO2 and elevated O3 tended to increase the number of fungal colony forming units (CFUs) in the AC soil horizon, and elevated O3 tended to decrease bacterial CFUs in the C soil horizon. Thus, after two growing seasons we showed interactive effects of O3 and CO2 in combination, in addition to responses to CO2 or O3 alone for a ponderosa pine plant/litter/soil system.     

Fe3O4／Ag磁性纳米颗粒去除水中的铅离子

采用水相共沉淀法制备小尺寸磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒,以没食子酸作为还原剂和表面修饰剂,还原Ag[（NH3）2]’制备出Fe3O4／Ag磁性纳米颗粒。研究该磁性纳米颗粒对水溶液中铅离子的吸附行为,研究结果表明,pH为7．0,吸附温度30℃时可得到最好的处理效果,铅的去除率可达99．7％以上,Fe3O4／Ag颗粒吸附行为符合二级动力学模型（R2〉0．99）。该磁性纳米颗粒经过多次再生处理后,仍具有很好的吸附效果,表明Fe3O4／Ag在水处理方面拥有良好的应用前景。     

Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of bisphenol A catalyzed by efficient adsorptive Fe3O4/GO nanocomposites

A new method for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was developed. The oxidative degradation characteristics of BPA in a heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe₃O₄/graphite oxide (GO) were studied. Transmission electron microscopic images showed that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were evenly distributed and were ～6 nm in diameter. Experimental results suggested that BPA conversion was affected by several factors, such as the loading amount of Fe₃O₄/GO, pH, and initial H₂O₂ concentration. In the system with 1.0 g L^?1 of Fe₃O₄/GO and 20 mmol L^?1 of H₂O₂, almost 90 % of BPA (20 mg L^?1) was degraded within 6 h at pH 6.0. Based on the degradation products identified by GC–MS, the degradation pathways of BPA were proposed. In addition, the reused catalyst Fe₃O₄/GO still retained its catalytic activity after three cycles, indicating that Fe₃O₄/GO had good stability and reusability. These results demonstrated that the heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe₃O₄/GO is a promising advanced oxidation technology for the treatment of wastewater containing BPA.     

Heterogeneous UV/Fenton degradation of bisphenol A catalyzed by synergistic effects of FeCo2O4/TiO2/GO

A new method for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation in aqueous solution was developed. The characteristics of BPA degradation in a heterogeneous ultraviolet (UV)/Fenton reaction catalyzed by FeCo₂O₄/TiO₂/graphite oxide (GO) were studied. The properties of the synthesized catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. FeCo₂O₄ and TiO₂ were grown as spherical shape, rough surface, and relatively uniform on the surface of GO (FeCo₂O₄/TiO₂/GO). Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of the initial pH, FeCo₂O₄/TiO₂/GO dosage, and H₂O₂ concentration on BPA degradation. In a system with 0.5 g L⁻¹ of FeCo₂O₄/TiO₂/GO and 10 mmol L⁻¹ of H₂O₂, approximately 90 % of BPA (20 mg L⁻¹) was degraded within 240 min of UV irradiation at pH 6.0. The reused FeCo₂O₄/TiO₂/GO catalyst retained its activity after three cycles, which indicates that it is stable and reusable. The heterogeneous UV/Fenton reaction catalyzed by FeCo₂O₄/TiO₂/GO is a promising advanced oxidation technology for treating wastewater that contains BPA.

     

光还原法制备Ag/TiO2催化剂及光催化性能

采用光还原法制备了Ag/TiO2催化剂,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、场发射透射电子显微镜（TEM）、N2吸附-脱附（BET）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等测试手段对催化剂自身结构、形貌和孔结构等性质进行表征,并研究其对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能。结果表明,Ag的沉积能够大幅提高催化剂的光响应度,大大提高光催化活性。当Ag的摩尔分数为3%时,在可见光照射90 min后,催化剂对亚甲基蓝的脱色率达到78.52%。     

IL/GO/88A的制备及其对四环素的光催化降解性能

使用离子液体(ILs)辅助生长新型光催化材料IL/GO/88A用于降解四环素(TC),使用XRD、FTIR、SEM、N₂吸附-脱附、UV-vis、EIS等方法分别对催化材料进行了表征分析,考察了催化剂投加量、pH、TC浓度对TC降解的影响。该复合材料表现出高效的TC降解效率。在催化剂投加量为0.30 g·L⁻¹、pH为5.7、TC溶度为10 mg·L⁻¹的条件下,光照180 min后,IL/GO/88A对TC的去除率达到95.7%。催化剂在重复利用3次后仍能保持稳定的性能。此外,阐明了吸附-光催化协同机理,并推断·OH、h⁺是主要的活性物种。本研究结果对开发高效MOFs光催化复合材料并用于处理含四环素废水提供了新思路。     

Enhanced photocatalytic removal of amoxicillin with Ag/TiO2/mesoporous g-C3N4 under visible light: property and mechanistic studies

In present study, an efficient ternary Ag/TiO₂/mesoporous g-C₃N₄ (M-g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through depositing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ heterojunction. Ag/TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite displayed the highest degradation efficiency for amoxicillin (AMX) compared to TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ heterojunction, M-g-C₃N₄, and bulk-g-C₃N₄ (B-g-C₃N₄). The removal efficiency of AMX in real situation, surface water (SW), hospital wastewater (HW), and waste water treatment plant (WWTP) also were studied to illustrate the effectiveness of Ag/TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts. The vulnerable atoms in AMX structure were revealed through DFT calculation. Additionally, the dominating active groups produced in time of the photocatalytic procedure were determined on account of free radical trapping experiments and ESR spectra. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was proposed and verified. The transfer of the electrons and the inhibition of the recombination of photogenerated electron-holes were enhanced effectively under the synergistic effect of the Ag NPs and TiO₂. As a consequence, the catalytic activity of the composite was improved under visible light.

     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity using GO/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> catalyst for the removal of DCA solutions

This work aimed to optimize high-performance photocatalysts based on graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (GO/TiO₂) nanocomposites for the effective degradation of aqueous pollutants. The catalytic activity was tested against the degradation of dichloroacetic acid (DCA), a by-product of disinfection processes that is present in many industrial wastewaters and effluents. GO/TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared using three different methods, hydrothermal, solvothermal, and mechanical, and varying the GO/TiO₂ ratio in the range of 1 to 10%. Several techniques were applied to characterize the catalysts, and better coupling of GO and TiO₂ was observed in the thermally synthesized composites. Although the results obtained for DCA degradation showed a coupled influence of the composite preparation method and its composition, promising results were obtained with the photocatalysts compared to the limited activity of conventional TiO₂. In the best case, corresponding to the composite synthesized via hydrothermal method with 5% of GO/TiO₂ weight ratio, an enhancement of 2.5 times of the photocatalytic degradation yield of DCA was obtained compared to bare TiO₂, thus opening more efficient ways to promote the application of photocatalytic remediation technologies.