农业废弃物资源化利用技术现状及其前景

随着农业生产水平和农民生活水平的提高,对原来用作燃料和肥料的农业废弃物的利用越来越少,因此农业废弃物越来越多。本文综述了近年来国内外综合利用农业植物纤维性废弃物及畜禽粪便等农业废弃物的技术及有关研究进展情况,对农业废弃物的资源化综合利用方式进行了有益的探讨。     

循环经济理念下畜禽废弃物的资源化

运用循环经济理论,针对畜禽排泄物治理和科学利用,提出了畜禽粪便减量化、资源化措施。畜禽粪便作为新的资源在降低自然资源消耗的同时,给农业经济增长提供了有力的支撑。在循环经济模式下,人、畜禽养殖与生态环境之间互动影响已不再是破坏生态环境、限制经济发展的障碍,而是表现为一种社会、经济和环境"共赢"的有利局面。     

我国农业废弃物资源化利用的激励机制研究

在激励机制缺失的情况下,我国农业废弃物资源化利用进展并不顺利。本文在考察梳理国外经验和我国废弃物利用现状和方向的基础上,借鉴管理激励理论,深入分析了当前我国农业废弃物资源化利用激励机制所面临的困境,从经济、技术、文化3个维度探讨了构建农业废弃物资源化利用激励机制的策略,并提出了促进农业废弃物资源化利用的具体政策措施。     

天水市农业废弃物资源化利用对策研究

近来年天水农业经济高速发展,当地政府出台多项措施指导农业特色化、集团化发展,形成了以林果、蔬菜、牧草为主打的品牌产业,但由于天水地区农业废弃物基数大,资金、技术配套不够到位,导致秸秆、尾菜、养殖粪便得不到及时、妥善处理,影响了农村环境、村民健康,同时由于农业资源的废弃,导致大量生物资源无法循环利用,影响天水地区经济的可...     

电子废弃物的环境管理与处理处置技术初探——国外现状综述

本文从环境管理和处理处置技术的角度,概述了一些发达国家在电子废弃物处理方面的现状,并结合国外的发展经验,对我国电子废弃物的处理工作提出了建议。     

畜禽养殖废弃物资源化综合处理技术

由湖南海尚环境生物科技有限公司开发的畜禽养殖废弃物资源化综合处理技术,适用于畜禽养殖废弃物的处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理大中型养殖场采用规模化畜禽废弃物资源化综合处理工艺流程中,废水主处理单元采用两级生化处理,第一级生化处理工艺为光生物反应池+厌氧氨氧化,第二级生化处理工艺为     

现代农作物废弃物的生态效应及资源化利用

通过分析我国农业废弃物对生态环境的影响以及农业废弃物资源化开发的现状,阐述了农业废弃物资源化开发利用存在的问题。提出生物技术、绿色工艺及开发节能环保建材等无害处理农业废弃物新途径,指出发展循环农业的有效模式,即建立生态农业多途径循环开发模式,植物、动物和微生物资源组成的“三维结构”的绿色新型农业,建立和推广生态型家庭经济模式,为推进农产品高效流通,促进农产品深度综合开发提供借鉴。     

国外电子废弃物的回收利用技术

本文介绍了国外电子废弃物（WEEE）的回收利用情况，着重介绍了电子废弃物中金属的回收技术，为国内电子废弃物的回收处理提供了一定的借鉴和参考。     

废弃电池能否进入废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第二批)管理的筛选评估分析

2009年2月,国务院发布《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》,成为我国废弃电器电子产品回收处理的纲领性文件。在《废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第一批)》中,明确将电视机、电冰箱、洗衣机、房间空调器、微型计算机等5种产品纳入第一批目录。同时,为了为了能够及时、客观地与经济发展、技术进步以及电器电子产品行业的发展变化等相适应,《目录》管理委员会起草了《制订和调整废弃电器电子产品处理目录的若干规定》,明确随着经济发展变化及电子产品废弃形势调整电器电子产品处理目录的原则。废弃电池在近几年来在我国增长速度很大,将来的管理形势十分紧迫。本文在此分析我国几种废弃电池(铅酸电池、镍氢电池及锂电池)的产生量、再生处理处置情况及管理政策导向。并在目录一批筛选原则的基础上利用权重分析法,筛选评估废弃电池能否进入废弃电器电子产品处理目录(第二批)管理的可能,研究显示铅酸电池已具备进入管理目录的资质。     

射流气浮技术在发生炉煤气洗涤废水封闭循环处理中的应用

本文介绍了采用混凝－射流高速气流法处理煤气洗涤循环废水的技术及在工程中的应用。该地煤气洗涤废水焦洗洗去除率为４０－８０％,悬浮和去除率为８０－９５％,挥发酚八方经为１０％,较好地满足了发生炉煤所洗涤废水循环回用的水质要求。     

电子电器生产无铅化的挑战与应对措施

中国是一个电子电器生产大国,广东又是国内家电等电子电嚣产品生产和出口的大省,是全球最大的制造基地和出口基地之一.随着家电等电子电器产品的无铅化要求,我国电子电器生产商将面临严峻的考验.本文对此进行了分析,提出了应对措施.     

Present status of the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Korea

In Korea due to rapid economical growth followed by urbanisation, breakage of large traditional families into small nuclear families, continuous changes in equipment features and capabilities causes tremendous increase in sale of new electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and decrease in sale of used EEE. Subsequently, the ever-increasing quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a serious social problem and threat to the environment. Therefore, the gradual increase in the generation of WEEE intensifies the interest for recycling to conserve the resources and protect the environment. In view of the above, a review has been made related to the present status of the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Korea. This paper describes the present status of generation and recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment, namely TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, personal computers and mobile phones in Korea. The commercial processes and the status of developing new technologies for the recycling of metallic values from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) is also described briefly. Since 1998, three recycling centers are in full operation to recycle WEEE such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners, having the total capacity of 880,000 units/year. All waste TVs are recently recycled on commission basis by several private recycling plants. The recycling of waste personal computers and mobile phones is insignificant in comparison with the amount of estimated obsolete those. Korea has adopted and enforced the extended producer responsibility (EPR) system. Korea is making consistent efforts to improve the recycling rate to the standards indicated in the EU directives for WEEE. Especially environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies are being developed to recycle metal values from PCBs of WEEE.     

Recycling of electronic displays: Analysis of pre-processing and potential ecodesign improvements

This article analyses the current and future end-of-life management of electronic displays (flat screen televisions and monitors), and identifies and discusses possible ecodesign recommendations to improve it. Based on an investigation of the treatment of displays in two typical European recycling plants, key aspects and criticalities of the recycling methods (sorting, dismantling and pre-processing) are identified. Disaggregated data concerning on-site measurements of the time needed to manually dismantle different displays are presented. The article also discusses the potential evolution of end-of-life scenarios for electronic displays and suggests possible recommendations for recyclers, producers and policy-makers to promote resource efficiency in the recycling of such waste products. Data on time for dismantling the displays can be used to build measurers for voluntary and mandatory policies, to stimulate design innovations for products improvement, and to assess possible alternative treatments of the waste during the pre-processing at the recycling plants. Some quantitative product measures (based on the time thresholds for dismantling some key components) are also discussed, including an assessment of their economic viability. These measures can potentially be enforced through mandatory and voluntary European product policies, and could also be extended to other product groups.     

废旧电子电气设备回收处理的研究进展

概述了目前全球对废旧电子电气设备(Waste of Electronic Electric Equipment,简称WEEE)回收处理的基本情况,并根据废旧电子电气设备处理的特点,从机械物理处理方法、热化学处理方法以及处理过程中产生有毒有害物质的分离技术三方面,介绍近年来废旧电子电气设备回收处理的研究进展,最后指出了真空热解的使用将作为未来废旧电子电气设备处理的发展方向。     

电子设备的可靠性设计

对电子设备的可靠性设计进行了介绍,其中包括可靠性设计的任务和意义、可靠性设计基本任务、电子设备可靠性设计的基本方法等,其目的在于提高电子设备的可靠性和质量.     

Environmental impacts and use of brominated flame retardants in electrical and electronic equipment

Management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or e-waste is becoming a major issue as around 20–50 million tons of such waste is generated worldwide and increasing at a higher rate than other solid waste streams. Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) contains over 1,000 materials of which brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been the target of the regulators forcing manufacturers to adopt halogen-free flame retardants. As far as these alternatives are concerned, key consideration should be its performance during the whole life cycle through design, use and end-of-life management. The global halogen-free flame retardant movement has reached a point of no return. The most important issue as far as the environment is concerned, for which the transformation to halogen-free retardants was initially targeted, is to make sure that life span of the EEE using the alternatives to BFRs is not shortened thereby resulting in unforeseen increases in e-waste to deal with. The aim of this article is to investigate the environmental issues and current developments related to the use of BFRs in EEE manufacture. It describes the sources, toxicity and human exposure of BFRs, EOL management such as recycling and thermal treatments, exposure of BFRs from e-waste processing facilities and the environment around them and examines the developments and feasibility of the alternatives to BFR in EEE manufacture.     

膜分离技术在电镀废水处理中的应用现状

膜分离技术作为一种新型分离技术,具有分离效率高、过程能耗低等特点,被广泛应用于废水处理领域。由于电镀废水污染物种．是多样,纳滤、反渗透、聚合物强化超滤、电渗析等膜分离过程作为电镀废水的处理与资源化技术被深入研究,纳滤、反渗透及其组合工艺等被应用于电镀废水的处理及其资源化,有着良好的应用前景。