基于单质硫回收的高含硫废水氧化

采用双氧水在常温常压下对实验室模拟的高浓度含硫废水进行处理,考察了双氧水的浓度、初始p H和反应时间对硫化物去除效果的影响,以及含硫废水去除过程中氧化还原电位(ORP)的控制对氧化产物的影响,分析了固相产物的晶体和表面结构。结果表明,在双氧水浓度为0.147 mol/L、初始p H为6、反应时间为9 min的条件下,废水中硫化物浓度由1 985.46 mg/L降至38.37 mg/L,硫化物去除率达到98.07%,去除效果最佳。在初始ORP值不同的条件下,体系中主要的氧化产物为单质硫和硫酸根;当加入的氧化剂不足时,单质硫和硫酸根随ORP值降低而增加,当加入氧化剂过量时,单质硫和硫酸根随ORP值增加而增加;当体系中ORP值控制在60~178 m V时,单质硫的产量都能达到较为理想的值。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,体系中固相产物为环状斜方硫(α-硫)。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,单质硫颗粒为表面不光滑的球状颗粒,粒径呈微米级,越小越易聚集在一起。     

气田高浓度含硫废水的化学氧化处理

采用亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)氧化法对气田高含硫废水进行了实验研究。考察了硫化物初始浓度、Na2SO3/Na2S(摩尔比)、初始pH值和反应时间对Na2SO3氧化去除硫化物效果的影响,进行了对氧化产物的元素分析。结果表明,在Na2SO3/Na2S(摩尔比)为0.7、初始pH值为5和反应时间为5 min时,硫化物从1 100 mg/L降至1.80 mg/L,去除率高达99.84%,达到了气田回注水水质标准。元素分析发现,氧化产物中C、N、S、H和O元素的含量分别为0.11%、0.06%、98.73%、0.90%和1.10%,且其产率达到90.59%。     

铝铁复合淀粉絮凝-微波/H_2O_2氧化协同处理垃圾渗滤液

针对垃圾渗滤液成分复杂、污染物浓度高、可生化性差等特点,采用铝铁复合淀粉(CAFS)絮凝-微波/H2O2联用技术对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,考察了初始p H、絮凝剂投加量、微波辐射反应时间和H2O2投加量等因素对处理水质的影响。结果表明,絮凝最佳反应条件为p H 6.0,投加量13 m L/L;微波/H2O2氧化的最佳反应条件为p H 3.0,30%H2O225m L/L,温度70℃,反应时间5 min。在上述最佳条件下,单独CAFS絮凝、单独微波/H2O2和CAFS絮凝-微波/H2O2联用对垃圾渗滤液COD的去除率分别为32.3%、42.4%和85.7%,CAFS絮凝与微波/H2O2联用,可利用CAFS残余的Fe2+与H2O2构成Fenton氧化体系,实现絮凝与微波催化氧化工艺的耦合,两者起到很好的协同作用。     

响应面法优化Fenton试剂法处理槟榔废水

本实验研究了Fenton试剂法处理槟榔废水的工艺条件。基于Box-Behnken响应曲面法,考察了初始p H值、双氧水投加量、硫酸亚铁投加量和反应时间的单独作用和交互作用,并建立了TOC去除率数学模型。实验表明,在初始p H值为5,双氧水投加量为50 mg/L,硫酸亚铁投加量为12.5 g/L,反应时间为120 min,0.2%PAM加入量为0.2 m L时,整个反应过程对TOC去除率可达到64.1%。通过Box-Behnken响应曲面可知,双氧水投加量、硫酸亚铁投加量的交互作用对TOC去除率有显著影响,其中双氧水投加量对TOC去除率的影响极显著。Fenton试剂处理槟榔废水最佳的工艺条件为:双氧水投加量为54.2 m L/L,硫酸亚铁投加量12.55 g/L,初始p H值为4.98,反应时间为103.5 min。在此条件下TOC去除率为70.18%。     

响应面法优化光催化/臭氧氧化深度处理炼油废水

利用响应面方法(RSM)对光催化/臭氧氧化深度处理炼油废水工艺进行优化,考察了臭氧通量、光催化剂投加量、初始p H和反应时间对于处理效果的影响,提出采用该工艺的数学模型及优化后的工艺参数。结果表明,各影响因子对COD去除率影响顺序为反应时间>光催化剂投加量>初始p H>臭氧通量,方程的F值为11.54,相关系数为0.9537,调整相关系数为0.915,说明数学模型可以较好地模拟真实的反应曲面。优化得到最佳的工艺参数:臭氧通量1.05 L/min、光催化剂投加量0.33 g/L、初始p H 7.51、反应时间96.95 min,在该条件下,对COD去除率为97.88%,与预测值99.49%接近。采用95%处理水和5%新鲜水混合,水质达到了循环冷凝水的补充水水质指标要求。     

UV/Fenton法预处理橡胶促进剂生产废水

采用UV/Fenton法对橡胶促进剂废水进行预处理.当原水COD约为3000 mg/L时,COD去除率可达65%以上,并得到最佳操作条件为:H2O2投加量为8 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.8 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;同时得到Fenton试剂处理该废水的最佳条件为:H2O2投加量为10 mL/L,Fe2 投加量为0.966 g/L,反应时间为30 min,pH=5;单独UV作用的最佳工艺条件为:反应时间为20 min,pH=5;并就3种处理方法进行了比较,发现UV对Fenton试剂处理橡胶促进剂废水具有一定促进作用.反应前后的紫外光谱说明,经UV/Fenton或Fenton反应后原水中的苯胺、硝基苯等物质已得到了彻底的氧化分解.     

零价铁Fenton技术处理含聚乙烯醇的印染退浆废水

采用零价铁Fenton技术处理含聚乙烯醇(PVA)的印染退浆废水。通过单因素实验和正交实验,考察了初始pH、H2O2投加量、铁屑粒径及投加量和反应时间对实验结果的影响。结果表明,初始pH和H2O2投加量对处理效果影响很大。最佳反应条件是初始pH=4.0,H2O2投加量为100mmol/L,铁屑(粒径为1~3mm)投加量为15g/L,反应时间为30min。在该条件下,出水PVA质量浓度为0.9mg/L,PVA去除率为99.9%,COD去除率为23.6%,BOD5/COD由0.12升高至0.34,可生化性明显提高。无论从处理效果考虑还是从成本考虑,零价铁Fenton技术都优于传统Fenton技术。     

Fenton氧化法深度处理抗生素废水二级出水

采用Fenton氧化法对青霉素和土霉素混合废水二级处理出水进行深度处理,通过正交和单因素实验研究了废水初始反应pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe2+/H2O2摩尔比及反应时间等因素对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,Fenton氧化法处理的最佳反应条件为:初始pH值4、H2O2(30%)投加量50 mL/L、Fe2+/H2O2摩尔比1/20和反应时间60 min,处理后出水COD小于120 mg/L,COD去除率在75%以上,急性毒性(HgCl2毒性当量)小于0.07 mg/L,满足《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB21903-2008)表2标准要求。     

Fenton氧化-混凝联合工艺处理络合铜镍废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化-混凝联合工艺对难处理络合铜镍电镀废水进行了研究,考察了废水初始pH值、H2O2初始浓度、[Fe2 ]/[H2O2]、反应时间和温度、混凝液pH、混凝剂质量浓度对处理过程的影响,探讨了废水的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在体系初始pH=4,温度30℃,H2O2投加量为800mg/L,[Fe2 ]/[H2O2]=0.1,反应时间60 min,混凝液pH=8及混凝剂质量浓度为500mg/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率为96.98%,Cu2 为99.91%,Ni2 为99.92%,处理水完全达到国家一级排放标准.同时依据GC/MS对X-GN降解最终产物的分析结果,推导出废水的基本降解机理和途径.     

Fenton试剂氧化处理火炸药污染土壤淋洗液

采用Fenton试剂对火炸药污染土壤淋洗液进行氧化处理,研究了Fe SO4·7H2O投加量、H2O2投加量、初始pH、反应时间及温度对处理效果的影响,采用发光细菌发评价处理前后水样的急性毒性变化。结果表明,Fenton试剂氧化可有效去除火炸药污染土壤淋洗液的COD,当Fe SO4·7H2O投加量为8.0 g/L,H2O2投加量为64 m L/L,初始pH为3,反应时间120 min及反应温度30℃时,污染土壤淋洗液的COD由4 553.9 mg/L降至800.1 mg/L,COD去除率82.4%,COD的降解符合二级动力学模型。经Fenton氧化处理后,水样的急性毒性降低94.7%,B/C由0.007升至0.22,可生化性得到明显改善。     

Effect of initial sulfide concentration on sulfide and phenol oxidation under denitrifying conditions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the initial sulfide concentration on the kinetics and metabolism of phenol and sulfide in batch bioassays using nitrate as electron acceptor. Complete oxidation of sulfide (20 mg L(-1) of S(2-)) and phenol (19.6 mg L(-1)) was linked to nitrate reduction when nitrate was supplemented at stoichiometric concentrations. At 32 mg L(-1) of sulfide, oxidation of sulfide and phenol by the organo-lithoautotrophic microbial culture was sequential; first sulfide was rapidly oxidized to elemental sulfur and afterwards to sulfate; phenol oxidation started once sulfate production reached a maximum. When the initial sulfide concentration was increased from 20 to 26 and finally to 32 mg L(-1), sulfide oxidation was inhibited. In contrast phenol consumption by the denitrifying culture was not affected. These results indicated that sulfide affected strongly the sulfide oxidation rate and nitrate reduction.     

Stabilization of mercury-containing wastes using sulfide

This paper summarizes the findings of our studies on mercury stabilization using sulfide. Primary stabilization variables such as stabilization pH and sulfide/mercury molar ratio were tested. Mercury stabilization effectiveness was evaluated using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the constant pH leaching tests. The influence of interfering ions on mercury immobilization was also tested. The experimental results indicate that the sulfide-induced treatment technology is an effective way to minimize mercury leaching. It was found that the most effective mercury stabilization occurs at pH 6 combined with a sulfide/mercury molar ratio of 1. The combined use of increased dosage of sulfide and ferrous ions ([S]/[Hg]=2 and [Fe]/[Hg]=3 at pH=6) can significantly reduce interferences by chloride and/or phosphate during sulfide-induced mercury immobilization. The sulfide-treated waste stabilization efficiency reached 98%, even with exposure of the wastes to high pH leachants.     

Oxidation of gas mixtures containing dimethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and methanethiol using a two-stage biotrickling filter

A biofiltration technique was developed for removing a mixture of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methanethiol (MeSH), and dimethyl sulfide (Me2S) from waste gases. Since H2S, especially at high concentrations, disturbs the removal of Me2S, two biotrickling filters with different microbes and operating pH levels were connected in series to create a two-stage system. Different loads of these gases were studied in order to determine their impact on the removal capacity of the system. The microbial consortia for these filters were enriched from the sludge of a Finnish refinery with bubbling H2S or Me2S. Acclimation for Me2S took 2 weeks, though no acclimation time was needed for the other gases. The first filter, at a pH of 2, removed most of the H2S and some of the MeSH and Me2S. The second filter, at a pH of approximately 6.5, removed the rest of the MeSH and most of the Me2S. The total maximum loads of the whole two-stage biotrickling filter were 1150 g/m3/day for H2S-S (suffix S indicates the results are counted as sulfur amounts), 879 g/m3/day for Me2S-S, and 66 g/m3/day for MeSH-S treated in a gas mixture. The average removal efficiencies for all gases tested were 99% or higher.     

硫化氢废气治理研究进展

综合评述了硫化氢废气的各类净化方法及最新的研究进展。硫化氢废气的净化有吸收法、吸附法、氧化法、分解法和生物法。本文对超级克劳斯法和分解法研究进展进行了重点阐述。