Household Demand for Waste Recycling Services

Municipalities everywhere are coping with increasing amounts of solid waste and need urgently to formulate efficient and sustainable solutions to the problem. This study examines the use of economic incentives in municipal waste management. Specifically, we address the issue of recycling, if and when this waste management option is—on social welfare grounds—a preferred solution.A number of studies have recently assessed the monetary value of the externalities of alternative solid waste management options. In the present context, these subsidies could be interpreted as the implicit value of the benefits from reducing environmental externalities associated with landfilling as perceived by local government authorities. We surmise that the difference between mean households willingness to pay (WTP) for recycling services, via the purchase of a subsidized waste disposal facility, and the above (proxy) value of externalities reflects the difference between private and public perception regarding the negative externality associated with landfilling. We believe that this information is useful in determining the level of subsidization needed (if at all) to sustain any recycling program.The study is unique in the sense that its conclusions are based on revealed household behavior when faced with increased disposal costs, as well as information on WTP responses in hypothetical but related (and, therefore, familiar) scenarios. The article also explores the influence of the subsidization schemes on recycling rates. It was found that with low levels of effort needed to participate in a curbside recycling program, households participation rates are mainly influenced by economic variables and age, and households are willing to pay a higher price for the recycling scheme. When the required effort level is relatively high, however, households would pay a lower price, and the rate is influenced mainly by their environmental commitment and by economic considerations. We found that in both cases a subsidy would be required in order to achieve an efficient level of recycling. The median price that households are willing to pay for recycling devices is found to be about NIS 370 (New Israeli Shekel, approximately $90).     

废钼回收再利用技术

由北京有色金属研究总院开发的废钼回收再利用技术,适用于废旧钼制品的再利用。
　　主要技术内容
　　一、基本原理
　　选择废料钼经过筛选作为钼回收的原材料,废钼经过化学、物理等方法（超声波清洗、压制烧结等工艺）进行表面净化,净化后的原材料进行电子束熔炼为高纯钼锭,经过机加工等方法制备成所需的钼制品。     

Normative Influences in Household Waste Recycling

It is often stated that social pressures to conform to the norm can help stimulate some individuals into recycling. Whilst this can be intuitively accepted by most people, there have been few scientific studies to show if and how these normative influences can make any significant impact on recycling behaviour within a community. Normative influences, however, are not directly measurable quantities. Their presence may only be supposed either: (1) by showing that models of the expected effects are consistent with observed behaviours; or (2) by questioning individuals on their motivation for recycling. This paper explores both approaches. Measured recycling performance indicators have been examined for evidence that non-chance behaviour is occurring. Results show that if natural normative influence is occurring, its measurable effects are likely to be small and substantially masked by natural random variation. The effects themselves serve more to increase recycling frequency than to increase absolute levels of participation. Simulation studies, based on a new model of normative influence, show that increased overall weight recovery may be achieved, from a recycling scheme, through management interventions to stimulate normative influences. This is, however, at the expense of substantially more pick-ups being required to collect the extra weight. The simulation results are consistent with the hypothesis that there needs to be a certain threshold level of participants within a locality before the normative influences are triggered.     

建筑废弃物再生利用的可行性技术研究综述

建材行业的发展为城市化建设提供了重要保障,在我国城市化快速发展、建筑材料需求旺盛的带动下,建材行业发展强劲,但大多属于高能耗高污染行业,加之城市拆迁改造产生大量建筑废弃物,环境压力十分巨大,必须加强建筑废弃物的环境管理。对建筑废弃物再利用、再循环以及减少建筑废弃物是解决建筑行业环境问题的重要方式,实施这些仍有很大的提升空间。本文回顾了近年来建筑废弃物再生利用方面的各种可行性技术。主要是针对沥青、砖、混凝土、金属、玻璃等几种物质再生利用的可行性技术进行综述,为未来建筑废弃物再生利用领域提供参考。     

Explaining the Performance of Mature Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Programs

This paper assesses the contextual, programmatic and decision-making factors that affect the performance of mature municipal solid waste recycling programs. Tobit models were prepared for cities with populations of less than or more than 25?000 to facilitate analysis of recycling performance. Recycling participation rates were found to be higher among cities in both groups that offered more convenient recycling programs and whose residents had a higher mean household income. The larger cities that achieved higher participation rates employed a decision-making process known as ‘collaborative learning’, imposed sanctions on improper sorting recyclable materials, and had a larger non-minority population. Among smaller cities, higher participation was attained by using variable fee pricing for solid waste collection and by mandating household participation. The study findings suggest that future research should focus on improved ways to characterize and measure the decision-making processes used to make policy changes in order to facilitate analysis of the causal and temporal relationships between decision-making processes and program performance.     

废有机溶剂再生技术概述

本文介绍了废有机溶剂再生处理系统,该技术通过闪蒸、精馏对废有机溶剂进行再生处理,产生出高纯度的有机溶剂,变废为宝,实现了废物的资源化.     

城市生活垃圾中纸质品的回收利用

介绍了城市生活垃圾中纸质品回收利用的意义，回收方法，以及在我国大力开展此项工作的迫切性。     

废旧电池回收的困惑及思考

电池与人们日常生活有着密切的关系,特别是随着科学技术的不断进步,人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对各种电池的需求量亦越来越大,与此同时,人们废弃的电池量也不断增加。由于电池中一般含有对环境有较大危害的物质,特别是汞、镉等元素,因而,随意乱扔废旧电池将给环境带来较大的危害。尽早制定出行之有效的废旧电池回收及处置的办法,应成为我国环境保护工作一个重要课题。 废旧电池危害及特点 　　日常生活中使用的电池,根据其使用方式可分为一次电池和二次电池。一次电池为用完即废弃的电池,例如手电筒用的普通干电池,石英表用的…     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流技术研究进展

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流能有效降低渗滤液中污染物的浓度，提高填埋场稳定化程度，具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了国内外学者对该技术的研究情况，包括技术特点及相关机理、渗滤液特性研究及回流效果的影响因素，指出了该技术现存的不足之处和尚待解决的理论和技术问题。     

废弃LCD的处理及其铟的回收技术

伴随着我国电子产业的蓬勃发展,电子产品生产及其废弃产生的金属资源浪费问题也日趋严重,国家在“十二五”规划中提出了新型液晶显示屏（LCD）的开发及其资源化回收处理,可见LCD的处理和从其废弃物中提取铟的技术亟待深入研究。本文介绍了LCD显示屏和主要含铟部件ITO材料之间的关系、生产和使用状况,重点详述了LCD和ITO材料资源化处理的研究现状,系统地总结了铟的回收方法,并展望了未来电子废弃物的处理方向。     

用于工业废水回用的MBR成套技术

由北京伊普国际水务有限公司开发的用于工业废水回用的MBR成套技术,适用于有机工业废水的回用。主要技术内容一、基本原理膜生物反应器技术是将膜分离技术与生物处理技术结合起来而开发的一种新型水处理技术,它由微滤膜组件和生物反应器组成。在分离膜生物反应器中,活性污泥对污染物进行高效降解处理,膜组件的作用相当于常规生物处理中的二沉池,用以将污泥混合液和已净化的水通过微滤膜过滤实现固液分离,出水水质达到《城市污水再生利用     

加强废旧家电回收利用与污染防范

本文论述了废旧家电回收利用与污染防范的重要性，并提出了建议。     

浙江省典型废纸回收循环利用企业的调查研究

以浙江省的大型废纸回收循环利用企业宁波中华纸业有限公司和浙江永泰纸业集团股份有限公司为例,介绍了企业创新改革废纸回收循环利用技术等方面的成绩,分析了企业在发展中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

喷涂漆混合有机废气净化回收技术

##正##由福建省利邦环境工程有限公司开发的喷涂漆混合有机废气净化回收技术,适用于集装箱制造、汽车制造、机械制造、家具制造的喷漆涂装流水线,以及化工、皮革、胶带、石油等行业。主要技术内容     

碱性蚀刻废液的再生回用与铜回收技术

介绍了一种革取技术,可在生产过程中处理印制线路板生产的碱性蚀刻废液,使之脱铜后再生,实现碱性蚀刻废液的循环使用;运用反革取技术使苹取剂复活循环使用;反革取提取到的硫酸铜经电解为电解铜,电解液可循环使用。     

我国废有色金属拆解利用再生产业发展现状

阐述了我国废金属拆解利用产业发展现状及存在的主要问题,提出了应对废金属拆解再生产业加强政府引导、加强回收体系建设、研发推广先进技术和改善税收政策等对策建议。     

废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例

温家宝总理日前签署的国务院令《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》（国务院令第551号）于2009年3月5目正式发布。该条例将于2011年1月1日起施行。全文如下。     

废旧电器再生利用闭环产业链主体责任共担机制探究

废旧电器回收再生利用闭环产业链协同运行的前提是各主体链际环际协同履行社会责任,追求整条产业链的总体利益最大化和合理分配,以增加产业链各主体的附加值和社会价值为目标,实现每个环节各主体的利益最优化。各主体利益的差异性造成了闭环产业链合作运行的风险,从废旧电器回收再生利用闭环产业链合作增值效益与合理分配分析入手,基于博弈论中Holmstrom的团队理论阐释闭环产业链实现价值增值的可能性与合作关系存在的必要条件,构建了基于Shapley值的合作企业责任分配机制,分析了分配不确定性的四个方面原因,提出主体相互协作信任、消除主体信用缺失、强化信息基础共享、拓宽产业链沟通渠道等办法解决闭环产业链运行中信息不对称问题,构建闭环产业链共同文化与价值观的相关建议。     

废印刷线路板处置和非金属回收利用研究进展

废印刷线路板的资源化处置一直是电子废弃物处理的热点和难点,目前有多种方法已经投入应用或者在研究阶段,这些方法在分离效率、回收率、操作简单性、本身环境友好性、有无二次污染等方面有不同的优缺点。目前主流的广泛采用的方法是分步处理,破碎后利用物理方法进行分选,得到的金属和非金属组分再分别进行进一步的回收利用。本文对近年来废印刷线路板的总体处置技术和物理分选后非金属的回收利用的研究进行了总结,并对将来的研究方向进行了展望,为废印刷线路板资源化再利用产业化发展提供参考。