石油测井作业HSE管理刍议

测井作业是石油勘探开发工程作业的重要一环,它包括电法测井、声波测井和放射性测井等.由于是野外作业,作业条件恶劣,作业人员饮食睡眠无规律,易疲劳,主要职业危害是放射性测井作业--如果放射源发生泄漏、丢失,在无防护措施状态下会造成人员伤害、环境污染;同时,测井作业容易发生各种工程事故.各种事故的发生都会造成巨大经济财产损失,影响测井公司的声誉和形象.     

四川盆地嘉陵江组测井曲线标准化研究——以川东北普光地区嘉陵江组为例

以川东北普光地区为例,分析了本区嘉陵江组储层的纵横向展布和岩性特征,首次选取了嘉陵江组一段下部的灰岩段作为测井曲线标准化处理的标准层。以频率直方图法作为嘉陵江组测井曲线标准化处理的主要方法,利用经典的Wyllie公式评价测井曲线标准化的效果。该测井曲线标准化方法标准层选取依据科学,操作简单,评价方法合理,适用性强,对四川盆地其他区域的嘉陵江测井曲线的标准化有一定的借鉴作用。     

某公司密封源测井项目辐射水平调查与评价

文章针对密封放射源测井的贮存、运输及现场测井各个阶段进行分析,开展了不同阶段放射性水平监测调查,并对监测调查结果进行剂量估算,通过剂量估算掌握了两种类型密封放射源在测井过程中对环境及人员造成的辐射危害.经过监测与数据分析,在贮存、运输及现场测井等各个阶段其剂量结果满足国家标准限值要求.此次监测结果为今后开展密封放射源辐...     

浅谈JGS-1数字测井系统的使用

随着计算机技术飞速发展,数字测井技术在石油、煤田、水文勘探中得到了广泛应用.本文介绍了JGS-1数字测井系统的使用、性能特点、资料处理方法、测井软件应用及数字测井技术在水文勘探的应用实例.     

深化HSE管理提高现场安全管理水平

胜利石油管理局测井公司是全国最大的综合性专业技术公司,是一个多种危险因素并存的企业.该公司自2000年10月1日,开始在测井一、二、三、四分公司的6个野外基层队试行HSE实施程序,取得了较大成效.6个基层队都制定和实施了HSE管理体系,根据十大要素,制定印刷了相配套的7种HSE记录资料.为深化HSE管理,该公司又制定了<测井公司领导干部和职能部门HSE考核办法><测井公司职能部门HSE管理职责><测井公司HSE检查考核细则>等一系列HSE管理规章制度,修订了单井测井(射孔)的HSE实施报告.测井公司结合生产实际,坚持传统管理方法与管理创新相融合,突出风险管理,治理隐患,抓好HSE管理体系推广工作,同时在测井作业过程中执行了ISO-9000质量管理体系,有效地控制了事故的发生.     

HH2530地面测井系统改造及应用

近年中国石化河南油田测井公司陆续引进了3套HH2530平台测井仪,该仪器在测量精度、测井成功率、组合能力、测井时效等方面均有较好性能与功效。但由于该套仪器的变密度组合仪器与裸眼井声波测井仪器为同一支,随着施工井次     

测井剖面定量地层对比新技术

根据岩性地层对比原理,本文提出一个测井剖面定量地层对比模式。该模式由三部份组成:1.利用“多变量最优分段方法”将两对比测井剖面的地层进行分段处理;2.利用“爬山法”计算分属不同测井剖面的任意两段地层之间的相似性指标;3.根据相似性指标,利用“动态规划”方法确定地层对比结果。本文还利用上述模式进行了定量地层对比的实例研究,其结果比较令人满意。     

薄互层油储地球物理测井方法的研究和应用

薄互层油储地球物理测井方法是我国关于陆相薄互层地球物理的理论和方法的重要研究课题之一,并且受到我国"八五"自然科学基金会的高度重视。他主要的研究内容是在薄互层油电磁波、声波和电阻率等几个方面的理论和应用,和涉及到其他方面的全面讲述体系,以对薄交互储层进行分析、地震反演以及井孔之间储层探寻,对其进行解释并给出了准确的相关资料。     

石油地质勘探与开发中人身伤害事故剖析与对策

石油地质勘探与开发主要以野外生产作业为主。其主要专业有物探、钻井、测井、测试等。近几年，石油地勘单位逐步转向勘探与开发并举，所以又增加了采油和储运等专业。由于流动分散、劳动强度大、生产环境恶劣等自身的特殊性，所以作业风险很大。在生产过程中，操作人员需要经常接触易燃易爆、高温高压和有毒有害的物质，稍有违章和疏忽，便会发生人身伤害事故。工伤亡事故统计笔者对某石油地勘单位1986年至1995年的10年间所发生的人身伤害事故进行了统计。详情见下表：从表中可以看出，物体打击、机械伤害、爆炸事故和高空坠落事故是石油地…     

测井行业GB/T 28001-2001和GB/T 24001-1996《作业指导书》的编制及实施探讨

文结合实际介绍了测井行业GB／T 28001—2001和GB／T 24001—1996《作业指导书》的编制与实施，重点介绍了GB／T 28001—2001和GB／T 24001—1996《作业指导书》在编制过程中的难点、重点，并提出了GB／T 28001—2001和GB／T 24001—1996《作业指导书》在实施过程中的几点建议。     

微震实时监测系统在金山店铁矿中的应用

本文介绍金山店铁矿微震实时监测系统的构成;并通过运用一种全新的虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW编程分析处理现场所采集的监测数据,确定井下地震事件的时间与空间分布.     

新疆某测井公司非密封放射源应用的辐射水平调查与评价研究

文章将非密封放射源^131 Ba的应用过程分为贮存、分装、运输及测井阶段,开展不同阶段放射性水平状况调查,对调查结果进行剂量估算与现状评价,掌握新疆某测井公司非密封放射源^131 Ba的应用过程对环境和人员造成的辐射危害。贮存、分装、运输及测井阶段的分阶段辐射环境影响评价方法的提出,为今后开展放射性同住素测井辐射环境影响评价提供方法借鉴。     

线性拟合法对水质中镉的测量不确定度评定研究

应用top-down技术中的线性拟合法,通过对不同浓度标准样品的多次重复测定,利用方差分析确保校准曲线处于偏倚受控状态,并运用控制图技术对回归曲线的变异进行动态监控。在期间精密度条件下,通过合并较低和较高两个浓度标准样品检测结果方差的方法,对电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量水中镉的不确定度进行估计。这种方法避免了复杂的分量计算,减小了易造成失误的风险,有助于仪器分析领域的不确定度评定。     

仪器法测定COD的研究与应用

通过研究用仪器法测定COD的方法的准确性，可靠程度及与标准法的相关性，从而证明简单、方便的仪器法是否可以代替繁琐、复杂的标准法，因而可以行之有效地运用到生产、科学研究、教学实际中。     

仪器法测定BOD5的研究与应用

通过研究用仪器法测定BOD5的方法的准确性。可靠程度及与标准法的相关性，从而证明简单、方便的仪器法是否可以代替繁琐、复杂的标准法，因而可以行之有效地运用到生产、科学研究、教学实际中。     

Issues and challenges for forest-based carbon-offset projects: A case study of the Noel Kempff climate action project in Bolivia

The Noel Kempff Climate Action Project in Bolivia, nowin its third year, is breaking ground to establishcredible and verifiable methods to quantify greenhousegas (GHG) benefits of land-use change and forestry (LUCF)projects. Developed under the United Nations FrameworkConvention Climate Change (FCCC) Activities ImplementedJointly pilot phase, the project conserves naturalforests that would otherwise have been subjected tocontinued logging and future agricultural conversion.Carbon (C) monitoring began with a C inventory of theproject area in 1997. The total amount of C in theproject area was 118 Tg (Tg = 10¹²g) ± 4%(95% confidence interval). Periodic monitoring ofrelevant C pools (occurring in 1999 and every 5 yrthereafter) occurs over the 30-year life of theproject to establish the difference between thewith-project and projected without-project scenarios. Permanent sample plots were established both insidethe project area to monitor changes in C pools overtime and in a proxy logging concession near theproject area to determine changes in C pools inforests that have been impacted by logging. Ground-based monitoring is complemented by datacollection on forest industry trends and land-usechange patterns. Remote sensing was used to developa vegetation stratification map of the area, and workis ongoing to investigate the potential application ofdual-camera aerial videography to improve theefficiency of monitoring over time.     

Energy use and environmental impacts of forest operations in Sweden

An inventory of energy use in forest operations in Sweden 1996 and 1997 comprises all operations including seedling production, silviculture, logging and secondary haulage to forest industries. Energy use in Swedish forestry was about 150–200 MJ/m³ of timber, depending on the locality in Sweden. This inventory demonstrates much higher energy use for secondary haulage than was anticipated by earlier studies. In contrast to this, energy use in logging shows a slight decrease compared to the state of operations a decade earlier, possibly reflecting improvements in technology and management. Although secondary haulage operations account for the largest share of the energy used, logging and silviculture generate the highest levels of certain exhaust emissions. Emissions were either fuel-related (CO₂, SO_x) or engine-related (hydrocarbons, NO_x). Use of renewable fuels and improvements in engine design and the better adjustment of engines to forestry operations could decrease these kinds of emissions.The emission of gases that contribute to climate change is very small compared to national emissions. Nevertheless, there is scope for a further decrease of this contribution. Timber is an interesting raw material for alternative fuels, thus enabling a better market prospect for such timber that does not meet the specifications of traditional forest industry.     

古代长江中下游平原筑堤围垸与塘浦圩田对地理环境的影响

未开发前的长江江汉平原和江南三角洲地理环境十分相似,同属低平的冲积平原,故筑堤御洪成为开垦的必要条件。江汉平原采用了筑堤围垸的开垦方式,使地表起伏增大,荆江、汉水河床淤高,沿岸河漫滩、穴口、水系与湖泊受到淤积,使泄洪和调节径流能力降低,破坏了地理环境,造成了严重的洪、涝、旱等灾害。江南三角州采取了塘浦圩田的开垦方式,不改变地表起伏,水系、湖泊都能得以长期保存,对某些不利的地理环境加以合理的改造,历史上洪、涝、旱等灾害显著减少。历史经验表明,对一个地区的建设,应根据其地理环境的特点,采取合理的开发方式。江南三角洲的塘浦圩田的开垦方式,是一个可供借鉴的范例。     

Monitoring Carbon Sequestration Benefits Associated with a Reduced-Impact Logging Project in Malaysia

The Reduced-Impact Logging Project, a pilot carbon offset project, was initiated in 1992 when a power company provided funds to a timber concessionaire to implement timber-harvesting guidelines in dipterocarp forest. The rationale for the offset is that when logging damage is reduced, more, carbon is retained in living trees, and, because soil damage is minimized, forest productivity remains high. To estimate the carbon benefit associated with implementation of harvesting guidelines, a monitoring program was developed based on 1) field studies for measuring carbon stocks and flows; 2) a computer model of forest carbon dynamics for simulating various combinations of harvesting intensity and damage; and, 3) a projection model for calculating carbon balance over the project lifespan. Seventy-five percent of the carbon stored in this forest is in biomass, and of this, 59% is in large, trees (≧6- cm, diameter); consequently, reliable estimates of variables related to large trees are critical to the estimate of carbon benefits. Allometric methods for estimating belowground biomass are recommended over pit-sampling methods because of low cost-effectiveness of obtaining precise estimates of woody root biomass. Sensitivity analyses of variables used in the simulation model suggest that maintenance of ecosystem productivity has a large influence on long-term carbon storage in the forest. Projections of differences in carbon stores between the reduced-impact and conventional logging sites rely on assumptions about tree mortality, growth, and recruitment; published, data for comparable sites in Malaysia are probably appropriate for estimating forest recovery from conventional but not reduced-impact logging. Continuing field work is expected to provide the data needed to evaluate assumptions of the models.     

城市内涝实时监测系统初探

目前城市内涝已成为困扰城市健康发展的难题,本文对内涝的成因和现状进行了总结,提出建立城市内涝实时监测系统的必要性和紧迫性.系统利用布置在道路雨水管道检查井内的终端监测器,获得各监测点在暴雨发生时的实际水深值,并结合当地GIS系统,使各路段的淹没情况实现在计算机上的动态可视.文章重点介绍了该系统在具体建设过程中监测区域的划分和监测点的布置原则,增强了可操作性.系统一方面实时监测城市各点水情,是暴雨时合理调度可用资源,采取有效防内涝措施的重要依据;另外收集各雨水管道负荷现状,为管线改造、损失评估提供参考资料.本系统经济和社会效益显著,应用前景广阔.