The ozonation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution was carried out in a semi-batch reactor to investigate the degradation efficiency, the effect factors, and the reaction mechanism, where honeycomb ceramic was used as a catalyst. The presence of honeycomb ceramic could improve the degradation rate of nitrobenzene by 15.46% compared to the results of ozonation alone. Under the conditions of this experiment, the degradation rate of honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation increased by 12.94% with the increase of the amount of catalyst from 1 to 5 blocks. The degradation rates all increased greatly with the increase of temperature and pH of the solution in the processes of honeycomb ceramiccatalyzed ozonation and ozonation alone. But, when the pH of the solution increased to 9.50, the advantage of the honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation process would be lost. The experimental findings indicated that in the processes of ozonation alone and honeycomb ceramic-catalyzed ozonation, nitrobenzene was primarily oxidized by ·OH free radical in aqueous solution. The adsorption of nitrobenzene was too limited to have an important influence on the degradation rate of nitrobenzene. With the same total dosage of applied ozone, the multiple step addition of ozone showed much higher removal efficiency than that obtained by one step in the two processes. 相似文献
Batch photodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was conducted with ultraviolet irradiation. The main intermediates were
identified as 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol. Based on the density functional
theory, atomic charge values were applied to reveal the photodegradation pathway. A comparison of the results of the experiment
confirms that PCP molecules are dechlorinated in the descending order of their atomic charge values. From these results, it
appears that determining the atomic charge values of organohalogen compounds is a promising method for predicting the dechlorination
position in photodegradation. 相似文献
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in contaminated soil was removed by treatment with aqueous solutions of iron(III)-porphyrin complexes as catalysts and potassium monopersulfate (KHSO5) as the oxygen donor. The contaminated soils were artificially prepared by spiking PCP to the kaolin and ando soils. Three types of iron(III)-porphyrin complexes, tetra(?p-sulfophenyl) porphineiron(III) (Fe(III)-TPPS), tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridil)porphineiron(III) (Fe(III)-TMPyP) and heme, were examined, and Fe(III)-TPPS was found to be the most effective for removing PCP. Although the sequential addition of KHSO5 was examined, in an attempt to improve the efficiency of PCP removal, it was not effective. In a preliminary test of various aqueous solutions, the addition of humic acid (HA), with a lower degree of humification, led to a significant enhancement in PCP removal. When HA was added to the soil system, the percentages of PCP removal were increased by up to 10% compared to the absence of HA. Therefore, the addition of HA to the catalytic system was useful in enhancing PCP removal from contaminated soil. 相似文献
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named “hydrogen”, is attracting research interest due to potential applications in fuel cells, vehicles, pharmaceuticals and... 相似文献
In this study, super-fine powdered activated carbon (SPAC) has been proposed and investigated as a novel catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of oxalate for the first time. SPAC was prepared from commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) by ball milling. SPAC exhibited high external surface area with a far greater member of meso- and macropores (563% increase in volume). The catalytic performances of activated carbons (ACs) of 8 sizes were compared and the rate constant for pseudo first-order total organic carbon removal increased from 0.012 min–1 to 0.568 min–1 (47-fold increase) with the decrease in size of AC from 20 to 40 mesh (863 mm) to SPAC (~1.0 mm). Furthermore, the diffusion resistance of SPAC decreased 17-fold compared with GAC. The ratio of oxalate degradation by surface reaction increased by 57%. The rate of transformation of ozone to radicals by SPAC was 330 times that of GAC. The results suggest that a series of changes stimulated by ball milling, including a larger ratio of external surface area, less diffusion resistance, significant surface reaction and potential oxidized surface all contributed to enhancing catalytic ozonation performance. This study demonstrated that SPAC is a simple and effective catalyst for enhancing catalytic ozonation efficacy.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The discharge of various pollutant-rich wastewater in large volumes without adequate treatment seriously endangers the environment. Catalytic and photocatalytic... 相似文献
ANALYTICAL METHODS IN HUMAN TOXICOLOGY, Part 1, edited by A. S. Curry, Reading, U.K., 319 pages (including 91 figures, 28 tables, references added to each chapter, and a subject index of 19 pages), hard cover, format 242 × 160 mm, ISBN 3–527–26284–9, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim, Deerfield Beach (Florida), and Basle (1985), DM 148.00, US$65.00. TOXICOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF METALS IN HUMANS (INCLUDING FEASIBILITY AND NEED), by Bonnie L. Carson (Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri), Harry V. Ellis III (PRC Engineering, Chicago, Illinois), and Joy L. McCann (Midwest Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri), 328 pages (including one table on human low‐level exposure to metals: exposure levels, biological effects, concentrations in biological media; including also references for each of 69 metals and a valuable index of 24 pages), hard cover, format 236 × 161 mm, ISBN 0–87371–072‐X, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118 (1986), £45.95. PHOTOMETRIC METHODS IN INORGANIC TRACE ANALYSIS (Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Volume XX), by Endre Upor, M. Mohai and Gy Novak, Mecsek Ore‐Mining Enterprise, Pecs, Hungary (translated and revised), 404 pages (including 9 figures, 44 tables, a list of 50 pages (appendix) of the most important reagents, and an index of 6 pages), cloth, format 229 × 157 mm, ISBN 0–444–99588–9, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam and Akadémiai Kiadò, Budapest (1985), hfl 300.00, US$111.00. CONCEPTS IN MARINE POLLUTION MEASUREMENTS, edited by Harris H. White, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, 743 pages (including 153 figures, 51 tables, references added to each paper, and an index of 7 pages), cloth, format 236 × 162mm, ISBN 0–943676–18–5, Maryland Sea Grant Publication, College Park, Maryland 20742 (1984), US$12.50. DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER, Volume 1, by Thomas Roy Crompton, 560 pages (including 260 figures, 167 tables, references added to the four chapters, and an index of 12 pages), hard cover, format 236 × 161 mm, ISBN 0–471–90468–6, John Wiley &; Sons, Chichester, New York, Toronto, and Singapore (1985), £49.95. MARINE AND ESTUARINE GEOCHEMISTRY, by Anne C. Sigleo, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, and Akihiko Hattori, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 331 pages (including 121 tables, 60 figures, references added to each chapter, and an index of 3 pages), hard cover, format 235 × 160 mm, ISBN 0–87371–007‐X, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118 (1985), £35.90. INDOOR AIR AND HUMAN HEALTH, by Richard B. Gammage and Stephen V. Kaye, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee 37831, 430 pages (including 54 figures, 91 tables, references added to each chapter, a summary and conclusions of 5 pages, and an index of 6 pages), hard cover, format 242 × 164 mm, ISBN 0–87371–006–1, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan 48118 (1985), £35.90. INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURES IN ALUMINIUM PRODUCTION, COAL GASIFICATION, COKE PRODUCTION, AND IRON AND STEEL FOUNDING, POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC COMPOUNDS PART 3, IARC Monograph No. 34 on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, by G. Matanoski et al., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, 219 pages (including 7 figures, 49 tables, two appendices on chemicals considered in the volume, and already evaulated earlier, a glossary of two pages, and a cumulative index to IARC Monographs 1 to 34 of 21 pages), soft bound, format 240 × 179 mm, ISBN 92–832–1234–7, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon and Geneva (1984), SFr. 48.00, US$20.00. BITUMENS, COAL‐TARS AND DERIVED PRODUCTS, SHALE‐OILS AND SOOTS, POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC COMPOUNDS PART 4, IARC Monograph No. 35 on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans, by E. Bingham et al., University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, 271 pages (including 10 figures, 61 tables, glossaries, and a cumulative index to IARC Monographs 1 to 35 of 21 pages), soft bound, format 240 × 179mm, ISBN 92–832–1235–5, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon and Geneva (1985), SFr. 70.00, US$25.00. THE ROLE OF CHEMICALS AND RADIATION IN THE ETIOLOGY OF CANCER, Volume 10 of Carcinogenesis—A Comprehensive Survey, by Eliezer Huberman and Susan H. Barr, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois 60439, 538 pages (including 173 figures, 72 tables, references added to each chapter, an index of 10 pages), linen, format 241 × 167 mm, Raven Press, New York City 10036 (1985), US$76.00. CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS, SECOND EDITION, ACS Monograph 182, by Charles E. Searle, University of Birmingham, England, 1412 pages (including 61 figures and schemes, 178 tables, many formulae, references added to each contribution, an author index of one page, and an excellent subject index of 38 pages), linen, format 235 × 163 mm, ISBN 0–8412–0869–7, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 20036 (1984), US$155.95 (in U.S.A. and Canada US$129.95). ALIPHATIC AND POLYHALOGENATED CARCINOGENS, CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF CANCER VOLUME IIIB (STRUCTURAL BASES AND BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS), by Joseph C. Arcos et al., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 598 pages (including 23 figures, 77 tables, references added to each section, updating notes, 4 updating appendices, and an index of 28 pages), linen, format 234 × 164 mm, ISBN 0–12–059323, Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, Florida 32887, and London NW1 7DX, U.K. (1985), US$98.50. ADVANCES IN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SYSTEMIC TOXICANTS AND CHEMICAL MIXTURES, Toxicology and Industrial Health Series Volume 1 (number 4), by Jerry F. Stara and Linda S. Erdreich, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, 364 pages (including 34 figures, 76 tables, references and discussion remarks after the contributions, a list of participants of 3 pages, and an index of 14 pages), cloth, format 261 × 186 mm, ISBN 0–911131–90–6, Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (1985), £53.35. REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS (an evaluation of animal and human data), by Susan M. Barlow and Frank M. Sullivan, Guy's Hospital Medical School, University of London, U.K., 610 pages (including 3 tables, references (up to 1979, and an index of 11 pages), hard cover, format 235 × 159 mm, ISBN 0–12–078960–4, Academic Press Inc., London, New York and Orlando (1984), USS75.00. MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS AT THE WORKPLACE AND BIOLOGICAL TOLERANCE VALUES FOR WORKING MATERIALS, Reports No. XX and XXI of the Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Prof. Dr Dietrich Henschler, University of D‐8700 Würzburg), 92 resp. 94 pages, paper board, format 240 × 170 mm, ISBN 3–527–27332–8 resp. 3–527–27340–9, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft D‐6940 Weinheim (1984 resp. 1985). 相似文献
