共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
人工湿地组合生态工艺对规模化猪场养殖废水的净化效果研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了表面流、水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地以及地下渗滤系统组合生态工艺对模拟和实际猪场养殖废水的净化效果。结果表明,在进水ρ(COD)=709.2 mg.L-1,ρ(TN)=597.1 mg.L-1,ρ(NH4+-N)=560.4 mg.L-1和ρ(TP)=42.5 mg.L-1的质量浓度条件下组合生态系统对于COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别可以达到87%、95%、97%和95%,其中COD的去除主要在第一级表面流人工湿地,NH4+-N和TN去除主要是在水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地,水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地对溶解性磷酸盐去除效果明显,地下渗滤起到进一步稳定出水水质的作用。水平潜流和垂直潜流人工湿地的运行结果对比表明,后者对污染物的去除率均高于前者。 相似文献
2.
采用在线固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱联用(On-line SPE-LC-MS/MS)技术,建立海水循环水养殖系统中磺胺类(磺胺甲基异恶唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶)、大环内酯类(克拉霉素、脱水红霉素)、喹诺酮类(恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星)、四环素类(金霉素、四环素、土霉素)13种抗生素及孔雀石绿、隐色孔雀石绿共15种药物的同时检测方法,为循环水养殖海水中部分有机污染物的检验鉴定提供依据.采用0.1%(V/V)甲酸水溶液和0.1%(V/V)甲酸的乙腈-甲醇(1∶1,V/V)溶液为分析流动相,水样经简单酸化处理后直接进样0.9 mL进行On-line SPE-LCMS/MS检测,经在线固相萃取柱富集后,经过梯度洗脱分离,串联质谱多反应监测模式进行定性、定量分析测定.结果表明,15种目标化合物在1—100 ng·L-1范围内均具有良好的线性响应,方法检出限范围为0.02—1.00 ng·L-1,定量限范围为0.06—3.00 ng·L-1.采用该方法对山东省烟台市某水产公司2个海水循环水养殖系统的15... 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
6.
运用活体观察和蛋白银法染色对在青岛太平角贝类养殖场发现的一自由生活寡毛类纤毛虫新种拟卡氏异游虫Heterostrombidiumparacalkinsinov.spec.的活体形态及纤毛图式做了全面研究.本种的主要特征为:虫体近圆球形,领区突起不明显,活体l(27~43)μm×b(30~43)μm;领区小膜15~17片,口区小膜7~9片,背部有3片用以固着的小膜;赤道动基列不闭合,含44~56对毛基粒,赤道后动基列含8~16对毛基粒;大、小核各一枚.文中同时给出了属的新定义并对其相近种做了比较 相似文献
7.
8.
渔业养殖区水环境中汞的形态分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《环境化学》2015,(10)
为研究渔业养殖对水生生态环境中汞形态变化的影响,采用气相色谱-冷原子荧光法对浙江省舟山市六横岛海水样品中不同形态汞含量进行测定分析.结果表明,对于总汞(THg)、溶解态汞(DHg)和颗粒态汞(PHg),养殖区上浮水体与对照区上浮水体之间无显著差异(P0.05).纵向分布看,底层水体PHg含量要显著高于中间层和表层(P0.05),主要是由于沉积物向上浮水体释放大量颗粒物,而颗粒物本身对汞的吸附能力很强.对于上浮水体甲基汞含量分布,总甲基汞(TMe Hg)主要以(PMe Hg)的形态存在,且TMe Hg和PMe Hg在颗粒物含量较高的养殖区的含量要高于在对照区.但是,底层水体中可被微生物利用的溶解态甲基汞(DMe Hg)含量在对照区(0.066±0.009 pmol·L-1)要显著高于养殖区(0.031±0.007 pmol·L-1)(P0.05),这可能是由于常年养殖活动致使沉积物中大量有机物积累,有机物与无机汞离子络合,减少了汞的生物有效性,从而抑制了甲基汞的生成. 相似文献
9.
Zhuqiu Sun Jinying Xi Chunping Yang Wenjie Cong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(7):87
10.
Avril Siung-Chang 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1997,19(2):45-55
Marine pollution and coastal degradation have become serious development issues in the Caribbean. Early evidence of marine pollution was mainly anecdotal, but within the last 10--15 years, work conducted by universities and research institutions in the Region has provided the beginnings of a database that identifies several common marine pollution problems. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and the Pan American World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) have also been instrumental in co-ordinating several marine pollution studies. In the English-speaking Caribbean, the University of the West Indies, the Institute of Marine Affairs in Trinidad and Tobago, and the Caribbean Environmental Health Institute located in St Lucia, have taken a lead role in identifying marine pollution problems in their Sub-Region. For the Wider Caribbean a database for petroleum pollution and marine debris has been developed. Land-based sources of marine pollution have been identified as a major problem, with several hot spots identified in mainland countries and in some of the larger industrialised islands. Organic and nutrient pollution, particularly from sewage, is most widespread and is possibly the most serious marine pollution problem in the Caribbean. A lack of capital investment funds to install the appropriate infrastructure to deal with sewage and other liquid effluents is a major stumbling block to solving the problem of marine pollution in the Caribbean. Other factors include political will and administrative and legal structures to regulate human development activities. 相似文献
11.
V. Wiwanitkit 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):53-55
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental toxin that produces a wide range of adverse health effects in humans. Bioaccumulation of mercury in the aquatic food chain is a public concern for many countries. The aim of this study was to review the prevalence of Hg contamination in marine fauna in Thailand. 相似文献
12.
Landfill leachate treatment methods: A review 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
J. Wiszniowski D. Robert J. Surmacz-Gorska K. Miksch J. V. Weber 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,4(1):51-61
Landfilling of municipal waste is still a major issue of the waste management system in Europe. The generated leachate must
be appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment. Technologies meant for leachate treatment can be classified
as follows (i) biological methods, (ii) chemical and physical methods. Here we review briefly the main processes currently
used for the landfill leachates treatments. 相似文献
13.
Poonia Komal Singh Pardeep Singh Archana Thakur Sourbh Van Le Quyet Ahamad Tansir Raizada Pankaj Wang Chuanyi Nguyen Lan Huong Nguyen Van-Huy 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(1):265-283
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rising energy conflicts and environmental pollution are calling for the rapid development of advanced techniques such as photoelectrocatalysis to... 相似文献
14.
We present new data and the first rigorous analysis of latitudinal and thermal gradients of diversity, density and biomass
of marine herbivorous fishes and review proposed explanatory mechanisms. Consistently, negative relationships between latitude,
and positive relationships between sea surface temperature (SST), and relative richness and relative abundance of herbivorous
fishes were found worldwide. Significant differences in the strength of gradients of richness and abundance with latitude
and SST between tropical and extratropical zones were found consistently across ocean basins. Standardized sampling along
the western Atlantic also showed negative relationships between latitude and total density and biomass. The trends, however,
are driven by different components of the fish assemblages (i.e., scarids in the Caribbean and acanthurids in Brazil). Patterns
of abundance along thermal gradients, generally associated with extensive latitudinal gradients, also were found at the local
scale. Feeding rate of the ocean surgeonfish Acanthurus bahianus decreases with temperature more rapidly than the mean metabolic rate of teleost fishes. This relationship suggests a temperature-related
physiological constraint. From the new standardized and comparative data presented and the review of the explanatory hypotheses,
we conclude that temperature-related feeding and digestive processes are most likely involved in the distribution patterns
of herbivorous fishes.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at 相似文献
15.
森林枯枝落叶分解及其影响因素 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
枯枝落叶在森林生态系统中占有极其重要的地位,枯枝落叶的分解是一个以生物为主要参与者的过程,土壤动物使粗枯落叶实现物理性分解,土壤微生物则使枯落物碎片进一步分解为简单无机分子或转化为腐殖物质。土壤微生物的分解受枯落物自身成份的影响,粗脂肪与可溶性糖等在前期分解,木质素与纤维素等在后期分解,低w(C)/w(N)比枯落物易于分解,枯落物内的有机氮最终将降解为NH 4和NO-3,用于描述枯落物分解的最常用模型是指数方程x/x0=e-kt。自然因素与人为因素引起的火烧也是引起地面枯落物消失的重要因素,它有很强的负面效应,造成有机氮的损失。影响枯落物分解的因素很多,它们主要是通过影响分解生物而起作用,这些因素有树种、温度、湿度、酸碱度、污染等。阔叶树枯落物通常比针叶的分解快,温度与有机氮的矿化有线性关系,硝化作用可在大幅度的温度范围内发生,但最适温度通常在25℃。碳矿化的最适含水量约60%,在过于淹水条件下易于出现反硝化作用而造成氮损失。森林枯落物分解以真菌为主,适于在较高pH条件下进行,但与枯落物种类有关,云杉最适分解酸度为pH5~7,多种阔叶树最适分解酸度在pH3.5,土壤变酸时通常造成细菌数量显著下降,而以真菌占主导。枯落物的处理方式影响森林土地的生产力,移除地面枯落物或采伐剩余的枝叶可造成土地肥力的显著下降,相反,则有利于维持土地肥力。 相似文献
16.
Residues of fluoroquinolones in marine aquaculture environment of the Pearl River Delta, South China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
He X Wang Z Nie X Yang Y Pan D Leung AO Cheng Z Yang Y Li K Chen K 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(3):323-335
Concentrations and distributions of selected fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) in water, sediments
and nine kinds of fish species collected from 6 sites in two marine aquaculture regions of the Pearl River Delta, China, were
analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC). The results showed that the concentrations
of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were below the limits of quantification (LOQ) in all water samples except for norfloxacin.
Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations ranged from 1.88 to 11.20 ng g−1 dry wt, 0.76–2.42 ng g−1 dry wt in sediments collected from the Dapeng’ao region (sites 1–3) and ranged from 2.31 to 4.75 ng g−1 dry wt, 1.26–1.76 ng g−1 dry wt in sediments collected from the Hailing Island region (sites 4–6), respectively. However, no enrofloxacin was found
in all sediment samples. The three fluoroquinolones (FQs) were detected in all fish samples, and the concentrations were higher
in liver tissues than those in muscle tissues. The levels of norfloxacin were higher than ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin in
both liver and muscle tissues. Among the nine marine fish species, Siganus fuscescens from Hailing Island had a significantly high level of norfloxacin in liver tissue (254.58 ng g−1 wet wt), followed by Sparus macrocephalus (133.15 ng g−1 wet wt) from Dapeng’ao, and the lowest value was Lutianus argentimaculatus (5.18 ng g−1 wet wt) from Hailing Island. The obtained results of FQs in present study do not represent a risk to the human health in
Guangdong coastal area, based on the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by Chinese Government and the acceptable daily
intake (ADI) recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). 相似文献
17.
Yao Yuanyuan Pan Yuqi Yu Yanxi Yu Zixun Lai Leo Liu Fangzhou Wei Li Chen Yuan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(6):3837-3859
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Fenton processes allow to degrade and mineralize toxic organic contaminants, yet classical Fenton processes require continuously adding hydrogen peroxide and... 相似文献