环境监测分析测试中某些统计问题的探讨

分析测试中如何处理数据,评价和判断数据的正确性,是环境监测例行工作的重要议题。本文通过对水质测试,用数理统计的方法结合实例讨论几个问题。     

环境监测管理信息系统的构建

针对目前环境监测信息管理的薄弱环节,从监测、综合以及管理等多个角度,对环境监测管理信息系统的总体架构、基本功能及技术要求进行探讨.     

浅谈环境监测中污染物排放标准的应用

文章就环境监测中污染物排放标准使用中应注意的问题、现有部分污染物排放标准存在的缺陷及如何正确应用污染物排放标准。提出作者的看法。     

现代战争中环境监测问题的探讨

通过分析在高技术武器装备下的现代战争中环境监测工作的特点,提出要提高仪器设备的科技含量、监测应急机动能力和区域性监测能力,建立高技术环境决策支持系统,积极动员地方监测力量和增强现有技术人员素质,才能够适应战场环境,开展系统完整的环境检测工作,充分发挥环境监测作用,为战争结束后环境和生态恢复提供帮助。     

环境监测中pH平均值的计算探讨

本文根据pH的定义和水溶液电离平衡理论,探讨了pH平均值的计算方法,通过理论分析和实验验证指出了pH值现行计算方法的不足,本法对环境监测中酸沉降和水质监测pH数据的正确处理及编报具有现实的意义。     

环境监测数值修约在Excel中的实现

本文简要介绍了环境监测技术规范中所规定的数值修约规则及相关规范要求的主要内容,并给出了相应的Excel修约公式和修约函数,可方便地用于对环境监测工作中实验测定和计算得出的各种数值进行修约。修约公式是一个利用Excel工作表函数构造的满足数值修约基本规则的工作表计算公式,在给定修约位数的前提下,可直接在工作表单元格中使用修约公式对数值进行修约,对于简单应用,具有方便、快捷、直观的特点。修约函数是一个利用Excel VBA编制的自定义函数,共有四个参数,其调用方法同工作表函数,具有针对性强、灵活、便捷的特点,可根据环境监测技术规范的特定要求,实现自动按有效位数或小数位数进行数值修约,并按相应的格式输出数据。     

浅议环境监测档案的建立和运用

通过分析目前环境监测站监测档案建立和运用中存在的问题,探讨了档案的建立方法及在环境监测和环境管理中的运用。     

努力提升环境监测能力 构建环境监测预警体系

文章立足环境监测业务体系、技术水平和队伍建设,系统分析了当前青海省环境监测面临的主要问题,探讨了构建青海省环境监测预警体系的框架,有针对性地提出了对策建议。     

环境监测市场化的思考

改革环境监测机制,将其推向社会,实行市场化运作.主要措施是:通过立法建立环境监测机构认证制度,打破行业部门的垄断;取消财政包养环境监测所需经费,实行政府、单位或个人有偿购买具有资质的监测机构提供的数据;制定政策,实行监测有偿服务、环境监测机构企业化经营;对"三同时"环评项目、污染治理验收项目、事故或纠纷监测等,实行委托方市场招标方式,建立有资质监测机构的市场平等竞争.     

论加强环境监测质量管理

对做好环境监测质量管理的重要意义进行了论述,并在此基础上进一步阐述了环境监测质量管理的主要内容及如何搞好环境监测质量管理的做法。     

Community-Based Monitoring Frameworks: Increasing the Effectiveness of Environmental Stewardship

This article presents an adaptable community-based monitoring (CBM) framework. The investigators used a well-tested conceptual CBM framework developed by the Canadian Community Monitoring Network (CCMN) as a basis from which to work. With the use of feedback from various types of CBM groups in the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada, obtained through surveys and interviews, the CCMN framework was modified into a document that attempts to address current disparities and inefficiencies within most CBM systems. The need for such a framework was underscored by the lack of stewardship groups’ use of standardized monitoring protocols and inability to effectively provide information to decision makers. From the information collected through the survey, it was concluded that the proposed framework must be a functional, multiparty form of CBM that addresses the key concerns of a standardized monitoring and communication program and must be able to be fed into the environmental-management system.     

基于GIS的环境监测监控系统

随着我国环境保护工作的深入发展,对环境管理手段提出了更高的要求,利用G1S技术实施环境管理是适应现代环境管理发展需要的。本文对环境监测监控系统作了较详细的介绍和分析,说明了环境监测监控系统在环境管理中的重要作用。     

Contemporary Western Rural USA Economic Composition: Potential Implications for Environmental Policy and Research

/ The rural West of the United States is considered strongly antienvironment. The traditional economic reliance of the area on natural resources has long explained this antienvironment stance. The region consistently elects federal officials who as a group consistently vote against environmental bills and seek to undo existing federal environmental regulation. These politicians defend their antienvironment actions based on their perception of the economic composition and interests of the region. Recent studies, however, have suggested that rural residents are increasingly concerned about environmental issues. These studies, however, lack a consistent theoretical basis. This article uses an alternative economic typing system to examine the economic composition of rural Idaho and suggests that the results found using the alternative typing system might provide a theoretical basis to explain why some studies are finding increased rural environmental support. The results show that rural Idaho is much more economically diverse using this alternative typing methodology compared to the outcomes of traditional USDA economic methodologies. The policy and research implications of these findings are examined.KEY WORDS: Rural; Environmental policy; Economic composition     

环境监测信息网络建设思路的探讨

介绍了环境监测信息网络的组成、作用于流通范围,提出了环境监测信息的构架、环境数据库的设计原则、环境监测应用软件的开发思路,以及环境监测信息网络的管理与维护措施。     

Quality Control for Environmental Policy Appraisal Tools: An Empirical Investigation of Relations Between Quality,Quality Control and Effectiveness

The spectre of regulatory reform carried out in a range of Western countries has generated concern amongst parts of the environmental policy community. Quality and effectiveness are said to be at stake, but empirically there is a dearth of data on the relationship between provisions for quality control and the effects on quality and effectiveness. This research addresses this lacuna by analysing the effects of different quality control provisions in the Netherlands and Denmark for a globally institutionalized environmental appraisal tool—Environmental Assessment (EA). Extensive technical provisions for quality control in the Netherlands have led to it being described as the ‘Rolls Royce’ of EA systems, while in Denmark the polity is expected to take charge of quality control. The effects of quality control are investigated through surveys and in-depth interviews with actors centrally engaged with EA implementation. The results show that quality control provisions are poorly related to the perceived quality and effectiveness of EA. Only the appropriateness of the scope of EA reports is perceived to be strongly related to quality control provisions. The findings are relevant for environmental policy communities concerned with quality control systems and effectiveness of policy appraisal tools and policy-makers contemplating regulatory reforms.     

土壤环境监测技术规范中的土壤环境质量评价问题

近年来,场地和土壤污染勘查评价与修复逐渐发展成为环境科学和土木工程领域的热点,场地和土壤修复业务随之愈来愈多。但土壤修复理论和技术发展相对缓慢,无法满足土壤修复行业发展的需要。实践中,在场地和土壤污染勘查与评价的现行标准中,对土壤环境质量评价仅考虑了土壤中某物质成分的人为超标问题,而忽视了土壤中自然异常而导致土壤中某物质成分超标问题的评价,且误将土壤中某物质成分的超标等级定为土壤污染程度等级的全部。针对这些问题,本文通过研究,在深入分析各领域土壤污染评价差异的基础上,提出了土壤污染评价的一般过程、方法和标准,供标准修订参考。     

环境监测报告审核应注意的问题

本文从环境监测质量保证的角度出发,提出了环境监测报告的审核应注意其完整性,准确性、相关性及文字说明部分等方面的问题。     

Institutional, Legal, and Economic Instruments in Ghana's Environmental Policy

The environmental situation in Ghana is characterized by desertification, land degradation, deforestation, soil erosion, and inadequate water supply in the northern regions of the country. The population as a whole is growing at a rate of 3% per annum, with even greater urban growth rates, due to rural out-migration. Large parts of the coastal zone in the south are rapidly developing to become one large suburbanized area. Water quality is particularly threatened in the urban and industrialized areas, which are mainly located in the southern part of the country. The coastal lagoons and coastal waters are moderately to heavily polluted. Erosion extends along the whole Ghanaian coast with excesses, for example, in the Keta area, where during the last century over 90% of the original buildings have been washed awayby the sea. The obvious environmental consequences of the mining sector are illustrative of the environmental threats caused by a fast growing industry and industrializing agriculture, in a country where environmental policy is only in its formative years. Desertification, food insecurity and coastal erosion all contribute to an increasing number of environmental refugees. Environmental policy in Ghana is a post-Rio phenomenon. Environmental laws, a Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, an advisory National Committee for the Implementation of Agenda 21, and a fully mandated environmental administration have been established. This administration advocates a progressive attitude towards environmental legislation and points out the specific utility of economic and legal instruments in environmental management in this relatively fast developing country. The choice of instruments for environmental management is increasingly influenced by the specific state of African environmental and technological capacity and by a call for the recognition of the role of traditional customs in nature conservation. This African perspective on environmental management is further intensified by an unmet need for regional, transboundary cooperation in the West African subcontinent. This specific West African context calls for an elaboration of an effective capacity-building program for environmental management in the area.