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1.
台州湾五种海洋生物体内多环芳烃的浓度、富集特征及环境效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对台州湾近海5种不同生活习性的生物体内15种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析,研究不同生物体对PAHs的富集规律,探讨生物体PAHs的积累量与栖息环境的关系.结果表明,蓝圆鲹(Decapterusmaruadsi)、红点圆趾蟹(Ovalipes punctatus)、海鳗(Muraenesox cinereus)、日本沙蚕(Nereis japomixaj)和棱鲻(Liza carimatus)体内15种PAHs的总质量浓度(∑PAHs)平均值分别为74.02、127.30、128.50、150.32、224.30 ng/g,棱鲻∑PAHs是蓝圆鲹∑PAHs的3倍,5种生物体内2环PAHs占∑PAHs的17.19%~28.89%,3环占31.74%~39.17%,4环占33.47%~44.52%,5环占1.99%~4.05%,6环占0.78%~2.50%,其中3环和4环所占的比例较高,6环最低.蓝圆鲹、棱鲻、海鳗、日本沙蚕、红点圆趾蟹对PAHs的富集系数分别为20.49、54.93、0.68、0.79、0.67,对PAHs富集系数最大的是棱鲻,最小的是红点圆趾蟹.底栖生物对高毒性的PAHs具有极强的富集能力,台州湾近海生物体内PAHs的积累量不仅与生物体自身的生活习性有关,还与其栖息环境密切相关. 相似文献
2.
Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Daya Bay, South China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wen Yan Jisong Chi Weixia Huang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(6):1823-1830
The spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been investigated in Daya Bay, China. The total concentration of the 16 USEPA priority PAHs in surface sediments ranged from 42.5 to 158.2 ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 126.2 ng/g. The spatial distribution of PAHs was site-specific and combustion processes were the main source of PAHs in the surface sediments. Total 16 priority PAH concentration in the cores 8 and 10 ranged from 77.4 to 305.7 ng/g and from 118.1 to 319.9 ng/g respectively. The variation of the 16 PAH concentrations in both cores followed the economic development in China very well and was also influenced by input pathways. Some of the PAHs were petrogenic in core 8 while pyrolytic source was dominant in core 10. In addition, pyrolytic PAHs in both cores were mainly from the coal and/or grass and wood combustion. 相似文献
3.
Impact of soil organic matter on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. Yang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2170-4086
The knowledge on the distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soils can provide better understanding for their fate in the environment. In the present study, the n-butanol extraction and humic fractionation were applied to investigate the impact of SOM on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results indicated that 80.5%-94.8% of the target PAHs could be extracted by n-butanol and 63.1%-94.6% of PAHs were associated with fulvic acid (FA). Concentrations of un-extracted PAHs increased significantly with the increasing soil organic matter (SOM), however, such an association was absent for the extractable fractions. The results suggested that the sequestration played a critical role in the accumulation of PAHs in soils. SOM also retarded the diffusion of PAHs into the humin fractions. It implied that sequestration in SOM was critical for PAH distribution in soils, while the properties of PAH compounds also had great influences. 相似文献
4.
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis about physical factors causing a significant decrease of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds in foodstuffs. For this purpose, extraction of 16 PAHs (prioritised by EPA) from selected foodstuffs (rapeseed oil and sunflower oil) was carried out. The changes in PAH content in oils exposed to selected physical factors (UV radiation, temperature and time) were observed. Oils under study were exposed to two types of UV radiation: direct and indirect (through a glass plate). In both experiments, a reduction of 16 PAHs in oils was recorded but in the latter a PAH reduction was not as high. In another experiment, the temperature of oils was raised to 40, 100 and 200°C. As a result, the content of PAHs has decreased significantly. In both cases, exposure to UV radiation and high temperature resulted in the reduction of PAHs, it was strongly correlated with the duration of experiments. The results showed relatively low contamination of oil with PAHs. Only for rapeseed oil, the level of said contamination was substantially higher than laid down limits. 相似文献
5.
Uptake of selected PAHs from contaminated soils by rice seedlings (Oryza sativa) and influence of rhizosphere on PAH distribution 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The uptake of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings from spiked aged soils was investigated. When applied to soils aged for 4 months, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene exhibited volatilization loss of 98, 95, and 30%, respectively, with the remaining fraction being fixed by soil organic matter and/or degraded by soil microbes. In general, concentrations of the three PAHs in rice roots were greater than those in the shoots. The concentrations of root associated PHN and PYR increased proportionally with both soil solution and rhizosphere concentrations. PAH concentrations in shoots were largely independent of those in soil solution, rice roots, or rhizosphere soil. The relative contributions of plant uptake and plant-promoted rhizosphere microbial biodegradation to the total mass balance were 0.24 and 14%, respectively, based on PYR concentrations in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, the biomass of rice roots, and the dry soil weight. 相似文献
6.
我国环境介质中多环芳烃的分布及其生态风险 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
持久性有机污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)在我国环境介质中广泛分布,美国EPA规定的16种.优先控制多环芳烃大多在我国大气、水体、沉积物、土壤和生物体内检出.总结了我国环境介质中PAHs污染水平及特点,分析了其存在的环境风险.我国大气中PAHs污染较重,尤其是北方.水体已普遍受PAHs污染,其中部分水体污染严重;沉积物多环芳烃污染大多处于低生态风险水平,但沉积记录研究表明有越来越严重的趋势.我国土壤和生物体PAHs含量较低,污染生态风险较小.部分区域蔬菜中PAHs含量较高,存在不可忽视的生态风险. 相似文献
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A regression model based on the provincial energy consumption data was developed to calculate the monthly proportions of residential energy consumption compared to the total year volume. This model was also validated by comparing with some survey and statistical data. With this model, a PAHs emission inventory with seasonal variation was developed. The seasonal variations of different sources in different regions of China and the spatial distribution of the major sources in different seasons were also achieved. The PAHs emissions were larger in the winter than in the summer, with a difference of about 1.3-folds between the months with the largest and the smallest emissions. Residential solid fuel combustion dominated the pattern of seasonal variation with the winter-time emissions as much as 1.6 times as that in the summer, while the emissions from wild fires and open fire straw burning was mainly concentrated during the spring and summer. 相似文献
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Vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric boundary layer of Beijing in winter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shu Tao Yi Wang Shiming Wu Shuzheng Liu Han Dou Yanan Liu Chang Lang Fei Hu Baoshan Xing 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(40):9594-9602
Air samples were collected using active samplers at various heights of 8, 15, 32, 47, 65, 80, 102, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200, 240, 280 and 320 m on a meteorological tower in an urban area of Beijing in two campaigns in winter 2006. Altitudinal distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric boundary layer of Beijing in winter season were investigated. Meteorological conditions during the studied period were characterized by online measurements of four meteorological parameters as well as trajectory calculation. The mean total concentrations of 15 PAHs except naphthalene of gaseous and particulate phase were 667±450 and 331±144 ng m−3 in January and 61±19 and 29±6 ng m−3 in March, respectively. Domestic coal combustion and vehicle emission were the dominant PAH sources in winter. Although the composition profiles derived from the two campaigns were similar, the concentrations were different by one order of magnitude. The higher concentrations in January were partly caused by higher emission due to colder weather than March. Moreover, weak wind, passing through the city center before the sampling site, picked up more contaminants on the way and provided unfavorable dispersion condition in January. For both campaigns, PAH concentrations decreased with heights because of ground-level emission and unfavorable dispersion conditions in winter. The concentration ratio of PAHs in gas versus solid phases was temperature dependent and negatively correlated to their octanol–air partition coefficients. 相似文献
9.
Artur Ciemniak Agata Witczak Kamila Mocek 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(11):993-998
The aim of this study was to assess honey contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Six species of honey were examined, as well as rape blossom and soil from villages P?czerzyno and Przybys?aw in West Pomerania, Poland. The instrumental analysis was performed using a HP 6890 gas chromatograph coupled to a HP 5973 mass spectrometer with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Quantification was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using perdeuterated internal standards. Both soil samples showed high levels of all 23 PAHs, whereas honey contained mostly non-carcinogenic PAHs of low molecular weight. The most contaminated honey from P?czerzyno contained 0.24 μg kg-1 benzo[a]pyrene. Moreover, despite low contamination of honey, a positive correlation was found between PAH content in honey, blossom and soil. 相似文献
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The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in automotive crankcase oils. PAHs were not detected in the new oil; however, concentrations increased rapidly with usage in the gasoline engine of an automobile. The PAH distributions found were dominated by alkylated two- and three-ring compounds. The concentrations of these compounds increased until about 4000 miles and then levelled out. Four-ring compounds continually increased with miles driven, and the five-ring benzopyrenes were only detected in the oil used for the longest distance (about 5800 miles). 相似文献
12.
Hong-Sheng Wang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3298-3308
Surface and core sediments collected from six fish farms in Hong Kong and from reference sites were investigated for the enrichment and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Moderately high ∑PAH16 levels (123-947 ng g−1, mean: 450 ng g−1) were found in the surface aquaculture sediments. In comparison with the sediments from the reference sites, the average enrichment percentage of total organic carbon (TOC) and PAHs in surface sediments were 21.4 and 43.8%, respectively, and in the core sediments, 24.6 and 73.7%, respectively. Mathematical source apportionment analyses (i.e. isomer ratios, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal components analysis with multiple linear regression analysis) suggested a higher percentage of petrogenic sources in aquaculture sediments. The fish feeds might be the main source of the enriched PAHs in the aquaculture sediments. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that PAHs in aquaculture sediments could be attributed to human aquaculture activities. 相似文献
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LAS对土壤中多环芳烃吸附行为的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)对PAHs在士壤中吸附行为的影响。结果表明,LAS改变了PAHs在土水体系中的吸附/解吸平衡,吸附态LAS可提高土壤对PAHs的吸附,而溶解态LAS则增加了PAHs的表观溶解度,这2种作用的综合结果改变了PAHs在土水体系中的吸附系数。凶此,文中用表观吸附系数来描述PAHs在土壤-水-LAS体系中的综合吸附行为。 相似文献
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A directional passive air sampler for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass
Tao S Liu YN Lang C Wang WT Yuan HS Zhang DY Qiu WX Liu JM Liu ZG Liu SZ Yi R Ji M Liu XX 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(2):435-441
A passive air sampler was developed for collecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass from various directions. The airflow velocity within the sampler was assessed for its responses to ambient wind speed and direction. The sampler was examined for trapped particles, evaluated quantitatively for influence of airflow velocity and temperature on PAH uptake, examined for PAH uptake kinetics, calibrated against active sampling, and finally tested in the field. The airflow volume passing the sampler was linearly proportional to ambient wind speed and sensitive to wind direction. The uptake rate for an individual PAH was a function of airflow velocity, temperature and the octanol-air partitioning coefficient of the PAH. For all PAHs with more than two rings, the passive sampler operated in a linear uptake phase for three weeks. Different PAH concentrations were obtained in air masses from different directions in the field test. 相似文献
18.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygen-containing derivatives (OPAHs) in soils from the Angren industrial area, Uzbekistan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe Michael Kersten 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2888-2899
We measured the concentrations and depth distribution (0-10, 10-20 cm) of 31 PAHs and 12 OPAHs in soils at eleven equidistant sampling points along a 20-km transect in the Angren industrial region (coal mine, power plant, rubber factory, gold mine), Uzbekistan to gain an insight into their concentrations, sources, and fate. Concentrations of all compounds were mostly much higher in the 0-10 cm than in the 10-20 cm layer except in disturbed soil close to the coal mine. Proximity to one of the industrial emitters was the main determinant of PAH and OPAH concentrations. The ∑31PAHs concentrations correlated positively with the ∑7 carbonyl-OPAH (r = 0.98, p < 0.01), ∑5 hydroxyl-OPAH (r = 0.72, p < 0.05), and with industrially emitted trace metals in the topsoil, identifying industrial emissions as their common source. Concentrations of several OPAHs were higher than their parent PAHs, but their vertical distribution in soil suggested only little higher mobility of OPAHs than their corresponding parent PAHs. 相似文献
19.
The concentrations of black carbon (BC), total organic carbon (TOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been determined in soils from urban and rural areas of Beijing. The rural area can be divided into plain and mountainous areas which are close to and relatively far from the urban area, respectively. Concentration of BC (5.83 ± 3.05 mg g−1) and BC/TOC concentration ratio (0.37 ± 0.15) in Beijing’s urban soil are high compared with that in world background soils and rural soils of Beijing, suggesting the urban environment to be an essential source and sink of BC. Concentration of BC in the urban area decreases from the inner city to exterior areas, which correlates with the urbanization history of Beijing and infers accumulation of BC in old urban soils. Black carbon in Beijing soils mainly comes from fossil fuel combustion, especially traffic emission. Median PAH concentration in the urban area (502 ng g−1) is one order of magnitude higher than that in the rural plain (148 ng g−1) and mountainous area (146 ng g−1) where PAHs are supposed to mainly come from atmospheric deposition from the urban area. Concentrations of BC correlate significantly with those of PAHs (p < 0.01, except naphthalene) in the urban area and with those of heavier 4-, 5- and 6- ring PAHs (p < 0.01) in the adjacent rural plain area, while there is no significant correlation with any PAH in the farther rural mountainous area. 相似文献
20.
Bin Ma Yan He Huai-hai Chen Jian-ming Xu Zed Rengel 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):855-861
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and persistent organic pollutants with high carcinogenic effect and toxicity; their behavior and fate in the soil-plant system have been widely investigated. In the present paper, meta-analysis was used to explore the interaction between plant growth and dissipation of PAHs in soil based on the large body of published literature. Plants have a promoting effect on PAH dissipation in soils. There was no difference in PAH dissipation between soils contaminated with single and mixed PAHs. However, plants had a more obvious effect on PAH dissipation in freshly-spiked soils than in long-term field-polluted soils. Additionally, a positive effect of the number of microbial populations capable of degrading PAHs was observed in the rhizosphere compared with the bulk soil. Our meta-analysis established the importance of the rhizosphere effect on PAH dissipation in variety of the soil-plant systems. 相似文献