广西桂林旅游资源的可持续利用

桂林正在由国际性观光型旅游目的地向观光度假型旅游目的地转型。在实现转型的过程中,桂林应进一步优化旅游资源的空间结构,建构旅游资源开发的核心区、联动区与辐射影响区,促进旅游产品质量升级与结构调整,提高桂林在国际旅游市场上的竞争力,实现旅游资源的可持续利用。     

北九州生态园对我国静脉产业园建设的启示

北九州生态园是日本国第一个、也是最典型的静脉产业园．其成功经验可为我国开展同类园区建设提供有效的借鉴。结合北九州生态园的物质流分析结果,分析了影响园区建设的主要因素,并为我国静脉产业因的发展提出建议。     

市场化主导下生态产业园区柔性规划实践研究

借助生态产业园区的地理资源和新兴科技资源,进行生态园区和工业园区的柔性组合设计,平衡工业发展与生态保护之间的价值关系,以环境生态保护为基础,以市场行为为主导,结合旅游资源和产业的整合,促进区域经济和生态环境协调发展,通过生态产业园区带动地方城镇化建设,促进生态产业园区的环境、经济、社会效益统筹发展,提高资源利用率和土地利用率,大力倡导生态保护,建立生态环境与工业发展的平衡机制,提升生态产业园区的环境效益和市场经济效益。     

Reflections on implementing industrial ecology through eco-industrial park development

This paper investigates whether eco-industrial parks (EIPs) offer possibilities to implement sustainable development policies. EIPs are based upon industrial ecology principles that suggest industrial systems can operate in a similar fashion to natural ecological systems. Drawing upon a survey of all identifiable EIPs in the USA and Europe and in-depth interview surveys of 16 EIPs, the research discovered few examples of networking between firms or processes using wastes and materials recycling. Most EIPs are at a very early stage of development, where linkages are potential rather than real. The problems encountered in developing EIPs from scratch suggests that a more fruitful approach is to build upon existing and potential linkages within a locality, assisted by a pro-active policy to encourage interchanges.     

The Queensland food eco-efficiency project: reducing risk and improving competitiveness

For the past several years, cleaner production, or what is now commonly referred to as eco-efficiency by the business sector, has been promoted widely, but in a relatively ad-hoc manner. As a consequence, the advantages to industry and society stemming from the uptake of eco-efficiency have been difficult to quantify and assess. This paper details how the Queensland Food Processing Eco-Efficiency Project has attempted to overcome some of these barriers by implementing a two year project focused on: involving and gaining the support of as much of the industry sector as possible; using external expertise, providing the support and technical advice essential to the successful uptake of eco-efficiency by businesses; establishing the key environmental concerns for the industry; identifying realistic eco-efficiency opportunities through site assessments and visits; developing case studies based on quantifiable outcomes; developing tools and resources to enable businesses to successfully implement their own eco-efficiency initiatives; the wide and free distribution of these resources and tools to the entire Queensland industry; follow up workshops and awareness briefings together with the eventual development of a forum to allow effective industry networking to continue.     

Physical principles and simulations on the structural evolution of eco-industrial systems

Eco-industrial system is a typical complex adaptive system that generates intricate patterns with given constraints. In this paper, a universal variational principle on eco-industrial system is highlighted as: an eco-industrial system always tries to find an optimal process to obtain maximized flux under given constraints. Basing on this principle, the dynamic mechanisms on the formation and evolution of eco-industrial structure are then revealed. The fractal growth of eco-industrial pattern is discovered. By mapping theoretical model to artificial neural network of Self-Organization Feature Map (SOM), some eco-industrial patterns are then simulated and studied as typical examples basing on historical data of past years. The simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses. Here we not only make a renewed effort to deepen the theoretical understanding of the evolution of eco-industrial pattern, but also try to provide new implications on design, improvement and prediction of the structural evolution of the eco-industrial parks.     

能源基础设施在推进生态工业园区建设中的作用研究——以浙江杭州湾上虞经济技术开发区为例

生态工业园区建设是工业领域加快经济方式转变,推进工业生态文明建设的重要组成部分.园区层面基础设施共享对推进园区生态化建设、构建产业共生具有重要的支撑作用.能源基础设施越来越多地在园区生态化发展中发挥着重要作用.以杭州湾上虞经济技术开发区为例,研究其2005年以来能源基础设施多功能化发展对推进园区生态化发展的作用.通过拓展能源基础设施的功能,引导热电企业成为解决环境问题的要素,在污泥干化焚烧、有机废气焚烧等方面充分发挥作用;同时逐步增加清洁能源和可再生能源的利用比例,减少一次能源中煤炭的消费量.形成了能源基础设施多功能化推进园区生态化发展的示范模式.上虞经济技术开发区能源基础设施多功能化显著地推进了生态化发展,在区域循环经济发展中承担着分解者的重要作用,其实践模式将为国内众多类似化工园区的绿色低碳循环发展提供积极的借鉴和参考作用.     

Fostering sustainability through sourcing from small businesses: public sector perspectives

This article examines the opportunities for fostering sustainable development through public sector sourcing from small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Buying from small businesses can make such contributions in a variety of forms, ranging from a contribution to local economic development through providing innovative green products and services, particularly in the food sector, to helping the public sector organisation to better align its operations with its community. Sourcing from small businesses also has implications for the governance of sourcing processes and can benefit from a partnership approach. Barriers to public sector sourcing from small businesses are discussed and suggestions made on how these can be overcome.     

用循环经济理念构建包钢生态工业园区

以包钢(包头钢铁集团公司)为例,对包钢及周边地区存在的主要环境问题进行了分析.在此基础上,从园区系统结构、生态工业模式、生态产业链的设计以及行业网络耦合方面构建了包钢生态工业园区的规划框架,以体现"资源-产品-废物再资源化"的物质循环利用的循环经济理念.提出了运用清洁生产管理手段加快包钢以及整个园区的生态转型.      

基于LEAP模型的厦门交通能耗及大气污染物排放分析

交通部门能源消耗和污染物排放的比例较大,增长迅速,因此研究交通部门的节能减排措施显得尤为迫切。文章以厦门市城市交通部门为例,基于LEAP模型构建Xiamen-2008Tra交通模型,研究从基准年2008年到2030年的能源消费量以及CO2、SO2、NOx和PM10的排放量,评估各种节能减排措施的效果。模型设定了基准情景和最佳情景,前者作为参考情景假设政府没有采取任何措施来抑制交通部门能源增长,后者作为最乐观情景包括私家车控制、燃料经济性调整、新能源车推广、燃料税和生物燃料推广五个节能减排子情景。研究结果表明:2030年最佳情景要比基准情景节能36.08%,CO2、SO2、NOx和PM10的排放量分别减少40.46%、47.06%、32.07%和44.91%;在各种节能减排措施中,私家车控制措施节能减排效果最好。     

沿海重化工业基地生态工业体系规划研究

基于实现区域可持续发展,提升区域循环经济水平的目标,以某沿海港口经济区为案例,阐述了循环经济生态工业体系规划与构建的程序和方法.在沿海重化工业的环境影响、国家政策及资源制约的基础上,分析了产业准入的条件.对符合准入条件的产业进行了产业共生体系的优化设计,提出了生态工业体系发展的规划框架.最后通过对该港口经济区进行资源环境压力与承载力的合规性分析,从总量上控制产业规模,调控优化产业布局和类型,并提出预防及减轻不良环境影响的措施,从而规划设计出该港口经济区的生态产业体系.      

生态工业园工业共生网络的构建

工业共生网络是生态工业园建设过程中的核心内容。本文以铜陵循环经济工业试验园为例,开展了工业共生网络构建的实证研究。研究内容主要包括：（1）试验园建设背景和产业现状分析;（2）生态产业链（硫化工产业链、冶金产业链、纺织服装产业链、铜延伸加工产业链）的构建;（3）各产业链间在物质、能量和水层面上的耦合共生。最后,从参与共生企业的所有权关系和网络构成方式两方面,对试验园工业共生网络模式的优缺点进行了讨论,并提出进一步完善的建议。     

The role of business in sustainable consumption

This paper explores the role of the business community in promoting sustainable consumption. While businesses play an important role in shaping social trends, including the growth of material consumption, allegations that individual corporations wield excessive power may have been overstated. Most of the time corporations are simply playing by the rules and culture of the market.Businesses have mostly assumed that their contribution to sustainability lies in improving eco-efficiency—staying within the current business framework. But sustainable consumption will require wider change, including shifts in the incentives that shape the actions of businesses and others, and a change in the culture that underlies market expectations. Firms, governments, the media and civil society may need to enter a dialogue together to develop a new story about the nature of prosperity and the role of the business community in promoting it. The initiative is most likely to come from civil society.     

基于CCR模型的工业园区企业环境绩效管理系统

以数据包络分析法(DEA)的CCR绩效评价模型为内核,绩效评价函数与环境调控函数为工具,建立了工业园企业环境绩效管理系统,并利用该系统对南通农药工业园企业环境绩效管理进行了实证研究.利用绩效评价函数对园区20家同类型企业进行评价的结果显示,其中7家企业达到环境相对高效;根据环境调控函数计算结果,各企业环境绩效调控总量与绩效评价排序高度相关.实证研究结果表明,该环境绩效管理系统可为园区企业环境调控提出定量化的调整建议,为园区发展循环经济、建设生态型工业园提供有效的管理工具.     

Towards eco-agro industrial clusters in aquatic production: the case of shrimp processing industry in Vietnam

The concept of industrial ecology has been applied in this research to study possibilities to develop an eco-industrial cluster model for fishery production industry in Vietnam. By learning from experiments of other developed countries, we apply the principles of Industrial Ecology and of Ecological Modernization in the context of Vietnam. We design a physical-technological conceptual model for minimizing waste in agro-industries, with a case study of frozen shrimp production. The results indicate that it is possible and feasible to develop an eco-industrial cluster including aquaculture, fishery processing companies, by-product plants, and wastewater treatment units. By doing so, aquaculture and industry can cooperate for environmentally sound development. Actors and institutions that may govern the proposed eco-industrial cluster of shrimp processing industry are also analysed in this paper. The economic feasibility of the designed eco-agro industrial cluster for fish production in Vietnam depends on the energy savings and effective revenues gained from selling the produced valuable materials, such as Chitosan and animal feed.     

A life cycle impact of the natural gas used in the energy sector in Romania

The world's natural gas consumption continues to grow, increasing its market share of total primary energy consumption. Among the major fuels, natural gas is expected to provide the greatest increase in energy consumption in the world energy sector, due to its relatively low environmental impact and high thermodynamic quality. Natural gas plays a significant role in the energy sector because of its environmental qualities and energy. We analyzed the natural gas life cycle by using the life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare, from an environmental point of view, four sites of heat production by natural gas combustion. We determined the best site from an environmental point of view for a consumer and which stage (extraction, treatment, transportation, storage, combustion) of the natural gas life cycle pollutes the most. This study confirmed the utility of the LCA in the evaluation of the environmental impact in the energy sector.     

论经济欠发达地区如何建设生态工业园区——以千里山工业园区为例

资源和环境问题已成为各界关注的焦点,工业园区向现代生态工业因区建设转变是新形势生态文明下的必然要求。文章以内蒙古乌海市海勃湾区千里山工业园区为例,阐述了该工业园区建立生态型工业园区的可行性。     

基于投入产出生命周期模型的建筑业能耗及敏感性分析

建设活动消耗了大量能源,研究建筑业能耗测算方法并分析其影响因素有助于建筑业的节能减排. 采用投入产出生命周期评价模型测算建筑业能耗,分析建筑业能耗对部门间联系、部门能源强度和建筑业规模等因素变化的敏感性,提出部门对建筑业能耗的技术责任系数和结构责任系数,以判断部门在降低建筑业能耗中的责任. 结果表明,2010年我国建筑业能耗为1.07×109 t(以标准煤计);技术责任系数最大的部门是黑色金属冶炼及延压(0.489 8),其次是非金属矿物制品(0.479 8)和化工(0.211 8)等;除建筑业外,结构责任系数较大的部门包括非金属矿物制品(0.276 4)和黑色金属冶炼及延压(0.246 0)等;建筑业能耗对黑色金属冶炼及延压(0.243 8)和非金属矿物制品(0.203 4)等部门能源强度的变化最敏感. 降低建筑业能耗应注重促进高能耗建材生产节能、强化建设活动科学管理、推广高性能低能耗材料应用、提高基础设施建设水平和深化住房市场化改革等方面.      

深圳市建筑水泥流量-存量分析及环境影响评估

我国城镇化进程持续深入推进,大规模城市更新建造活动消耗了大量水泥等建筑材料.以深圳市为例,采用自下而上的物质流分析方法估算了自特区建设以来(1979～2018年)城市房屋建筑中的水泥存量和流量,并分析了其产生的综合环境影响(以碳排放当量为度量指标).研究结果表明:1979～2018年间,深圳市建筑水泥历史累积消耗约为8...     

重大环境自然灾害下的电网应急模型设计研究

在重大环境自然灾害下构建电网应急调度模型,确保电网畅通,提出一种基于区域网格分割和功率相关性调制的重大环境自然灾害下的电网应急模型,利用多个独立的网格分布模式进行电网和电力资源调度,采用Small-World模型构建电网应急调度网络结构,结合电网传输电力资源的相关性特征构建电力数据权重分配机制,采用自适应分配方法进行电网输出的网格模块化分区,通过区域网格分割进行电网应急调度的最优化分块设计,根据功率相关性调制方法提高电网的输出增益,避免重大环境自然灾害的影响。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行重大环境自然灾害下的电网应急调度,能提高电网的连通性,电网的输出增益较好,组网能力较强。