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1.
Plant materials which are available from farming regions in the moderate Austrian climate were investigated to serve as sources for natural dyes in textile dyeing operations. The extraction of the dye components from the plant materials was performed with boiling water without addition of chemicals or solvents. Based upon a rigorous selection of possible plant sources, a selection of natural dyestuffs applicable in a one-bath dyeing step was established. A broad variation in shade and color depth can be achieved by applying mixtures of natural dyestuffs in various combinations of iron- and alum-mordants. More than 60% of tested dyeings achieved acceptable fastness properties.On the basis of the developed natural dyestuff-based dyeing procedures, a comparison was made between the effluents from processes based upon them and those based upon the current ‘state-of-the-art’ techniques utilizing synthetic dyes. The comparison revealed that a lowering of the chemical load released with waste water can be expected by shifting to the plant-based dyes.  相似文献   

2.
Since the last decade, the application of natural dyes on textile materials is gaining popularity all over the world, possibly because of increasing awareness of environment, ecology, and pollution control. In this research, extraction of dyes from weld using soxhlet apparatus has been studied. The color components extracted and isolated from weld plant were characterized by Column Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), NMR, mass, IR techniques. The natural dye extract obtained from the weld was used for the dyeing of wool fiber. The results indicated that the exhaustion rate for the extracted dye increases by 49% compared to the raw dye. This, in turn, leads to a considerable decrease in the amount of the extracted dye used to reach the same desired results. Finally, for comparative studies between synthetic and this natural dye, all dyed specimens were tested for wash and light fastness properties, making weld a viable alternative to synthetic acid dyes.  相似文献   

3.
Two step ultrasonic dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics with natural dyes, Terminalia arjuna, Punica granatum, and Rheum emodi have been developed in which an enzyme is complexed with tannic acid first as a pretreatment. This was found to be comparable with one step simultaneous dyeing. The effectiveness of three enzymes—protease-amylase, diasterase and lipase was determined. The enzymatic treatment gave cotton and silk fabrics rapid dye adsorption kinetics and total higher adsorption than untreated samples for all the three dyes. The CIELab values also showed improvement by enzymatic treatment. The tannic acid-enzyme-dye combination method offers an environmentally benign alternative, ‘soft chemistry’ to the metal mordanted natural dyeing.  相似文献   

4.
文章采用自主研发的一体化平板膜靛蓝回收装置对印染废水进行了小试研究。此工艺采用投加H2O2氧化染液的方式析出靛蓝结晶并采用平板膜处理的方式不断浓缩靛蓝并将浓缩液回用于染色工段,保证了染料回用的效果。对装置中预处理单元,氧化单元,膜过滤单元等主.要参数进行了优化。研究结果表明.该装置氧化单元H2O2最佳投加量为15ml/L,最佳氧化pH=3;最佳过膜条件pH=4,连续曝气,开停比4:3;膜清洗采用水力冲洗后NaC10浸泡2h的方法,通量恢复近100%。在该最佳工况下,装置不仅能够高效回收靛蓝染料,回收效率达到99.5%,同时废水水质得到极大改善,SS平均去除93.9%,浊度下降100%,色度下降98.4%。  相似文献   

5.
Micelle dyeing with low liquor ratio is novel fabric dyeing method for cleaner production. Preparation and interaction of dye-surfactant micelles using dibutyl maleic acid ester sodium sulfate surfactant were investigated by UV-Vis spectra. Dyeing properties of cellulose fabrics using micelle dyeing with low liquor ratio were discussed by color yields (K/S), color differences (ΔE), exhaustion (E), fixation (F) and reactivity (R) of three reactive dyes. The results show that reactive dye molecules could be solved in surfactant micelles and form stable dye-surfactant micelles. Micelles formed by dibutyl maleic acid ester sodium sulfate had good anti-agglomeration effect on dye solutions. Liquor ratio of micelle dyeing for cellulose fabrics could be reduced from 1:15 to 1:5. Leveling properties of three reactive dyes using micelle dyeing were good. The exhaustion, fixation and reactivity of all three dyes using micelle dyeing were similar with the conventional dyeing technology. Wet rubbing, washing and perspiration fastnesses of dyed samples using micelle dyeing were also good. Micelle dyeing with low liquor ratio can save a large amount of water and energy.  相似文献   

6.
Natural dye is environment-friendly which is usually extracted from vegetative material. In this work, the wastewater of madder dyebath is reused for wool dyeing. Initially, the madder absorption behavior on wool fiber is determined by new methods based on spectroscopic information of dye solution. The absorbance spectra change is explained in terms of absorbability of chemical components of madder on wool by using several techniques such as principal component analysis, colorimetry, statistical and derivative spectroscopy techniques. The obtained results indicate that the chemical components of the initial dye solution are different from those remaining in the exhausted dye solution. In reusing wastewater of wool dyeing with madder, the exhausted dyebath is reconstructed by adding madder and water. The analyzing color parameter and fastness properties of samples indicate that the quality of samples dyed in reconstructed dyebath is the same as initial wool dyeing. The economic analysis shows that the reusing wastewater caused 19.91% cost saving in wool dyeing with madder.  相似文献   

7.
选取嘉兴市82家印染企业,针对棉、毛、化纤3种典型原材料,研究了织物、纱线、纤维产品在前处理、染色和印花等工段的废水产生量和水质,基于产污强度算法估算了各印染工序的废水产污强度.结果表明:棉、毛、化纤织物印染废水总产生强度分别为90.21、206.02、109.66 L·kg-1织物,漂洗为废水主要产生工序.印染各工段化学需氧量(COD)产生强度普遍较高,特别是棉、化纤织物前处理工段COD产生强度高达136.98和131.67 g·kg-1织物.印染部分工序氮、磷产污强度高,如棉、毛、化纤织物的洗网废水总氮(TN)产生强度为4.98、1.25、2.21 g·kg-1织物,棉纤维、毛织物和毛纱线的染色工序总磷(TP)产生强度为0.28、0.18、0.18 g·kg-1产品,还有棉、化纤的洗网废水TP产生强度为0.30、0.15 g·kg-1产品.利用产污强度及治理设施削减系数估算得出的印染企业各废水污染物排放量,与污染物在线监测数据相比较,相对误差低于30%;将本研究所得各产污强度与第二次全国污染源普查产污系数比较,除印花工段外,两者相对偏差均低于20%.本研究获得的印染行业各产污节点特征和产污强度,可为印染行业的环境精细化管理和产污节点管控提供数据支撑.  相似文献   

8.
Dyeing processes of various yarns (wool, cotton, polyester, nylon 6 and acrylic) were studied with the aim to substitute some auxiliary agents with ethanol at low concentration. The results observed in isothermal dyeing showed a favorable effect of alcohol addition, at about 1-3% v/v, on the dye uptake, with some differences depending on fiber nature and dye class. This effect was correlated with contact angle measurements of water-ethanol solutions on the mentioned yarns, which confirmed a lower surface tension in the same concentration range. Then, laboratory tests with dye triads at programmed temperature were carried out comparing the results of standard dyeing recipes with those obtained by replacing wetting, retardant and leveling agents with ethanol. Good color imitations were generally shown with respect to standard processes. A wetting effect of ethanol was shown for all the tested yarns and dye classes, while in wool dyeing with acid, pre-metallized and reactive dyes, ethanol was suitable to replace also leveling and retarding agents. Light and wash fastnesses were also compared. Finally the environmental benefits arising from chemical substitution of auxiliary agents with ethanol were highlighted and the cost of alcohol introduction was compared with the cost saving of auxiliary substitution. A positive economic balance was obtained.  相似文献   

9.
靛兰染色废水处理的有效工艺及设备   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
为解决色织企业靛兰染色废水治理问题,在工艺实验研究的基础上,成功地采用了“预处理-物化-生化”工艺,并研制安装了一套处理能力为300m3/d的专用设备,经检测各项指标达到国家排放标准,其中SS、CODcr、BOD5、S2-、色度、苯胺的去除率分别为73.5%、73.5%、84.98%、96.28%、96.92%、100%。在多年运行中证明该工艺及其设备性能稳定、操作简单、投资省、运转成本低。  相似文献   

10.
The paper analyses and reviews in detail the use of ultrasound as a tool to improve the cleanliness of leather production for each stage of leather processing, showing that ultrasound has the added advantages of improving the process efficiency, reducing the process time and improving the quality of leather produced. The rate of diffusion of chemicals such as dyes through the pores of the leather matrix can be enhanced by the use of power ultrasound. Thus the optimum amount of chemicals required can be employed to improve the % exhaustion of chemicals, thereby minimising the significant amount of unspent chemicals in the effluent and reducing pollution load to a large extent. Dyeing experiments carried out in the presence of ultrasound (150 W and 33 kHz) give an increase of about 40% in dye exhaustion and a decrease in dyeing time by about 55% compared with the process in the absence of ultrasound under stationary conditions. Compared with conventional drumming conditions, ultrasound increases dye exhaustion by about 28% and reduces dyeing time by 25%. Ultrasound can also function as a physical activator and reduce the use of conventional chemicals in some of the processing stages, such as soaking for cleaning the raw skin/hide, liming for loosening hair and degreasing for removing natural fat. Therefore, ultrasound can be employed effectively in leather processing to enjoy multifaceted benefits.  相似文献   

11.
印染废水的透视度与SS色度相关性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章探讨了印染废水的透视度与SS、色度的相关性。分别对活性、分散、直接染料的染色液、模拟印花浆液进行研究,发现对分散染料残液及浆液无法用单纯的过滤来去除色度与SS,必须通过混凝、电解、生化等方法来解决。  相似文献   

12.
内电解法处理工业废水技术的试验   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28  
用内电地对印染废水,靛兰生产废水,电镀废水及炼油厂含油废水进行了试验。结果表明,CODCr的去除率可达50%_70%,色度,硝基苯,酚,重金属离子及油的去除率可达90%以上。  相似文献   

13.
自然资源资产负债表编制设计及应用Ⅰ:设计   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
十八届三中全会提出“探索编制自然资源资产负债表,对领导干部进行自然资源资产离任审计”,这是我国在生态文明制度建设中的一项重大改革。自然资源资产负债表是表明一定期间内自然资源的存量以及存量变化情况的报表,论文在研究自然资源资产负债表概念内涵的基础上,分析自然资源资产负债表实物量和价值量核算方法,提出两者之间的换算表,最后研究自然资源资产负债表编制样式,提出设计方案,为自然资源资产负债表应用研究提供基础。  相似文献   

14.
通过用一种天然有机高分子化合物制备的复合絮凝剂在活性染料染色废水处理中应用,并与无机高分子混凝剂聚合铝铁、聚合氯化铝进行脱色效果的比较,发现其在酸性和近中性条件下对酸性、活性、分散、还原等染料均有较好的混凝脱色效果,同时通过对回流污泥工艺的改进可减少沉降时间。  相似文献   

15.
In application of vat dyes the substitution of non-regenerable reducing agents such as Na2S2O4 by cathodically regenerable reducing agents offers great ecological advantages. In a demonstration project a 45 A multi-cathode electrolyser successfully was coupled to a dyeing apparatus for package dyeing with a capacity of 1–10 kg material. Iron-complexes with triethanolamine and Na-d-gluconate were used as cathodically regenerable reducing agents. Dyebath regeneration was performed by ultrafiltration. Substantial reduction in chemical consumption and reduction in wastewater volume, released from the dyeing process could be demonstrated. Quality of dyeings was assessed with regard to levelness and iron content analysed in the dyed samples.  相似文献   

16.
M—铁氧体对印染废水催化脱色试验研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
介雯  许慧平 《环境科学》1991,12(3):37-41
本文介绍了用含不同组分的铁氧体(M-铁氧体)作为催化剂,对印染废水进行催化空气氧化脱色的试验研究.实验发现Ni-铁氧体对不溶性还原染料废液有较好的催化脱色能力,脱色率通常可达90%以上.红外光谱分析结果表明,Ni-铁氧体参与的不溶性还原染料废液的催化脱色反应是通过将染液中的助剂保险粉彻底氧化,从而使染料转化为不溶性沉淀物被分离而完成的.  相似文献   

17.
The capability of decolorization for commercial dyes by Coriolus versicolur fermentation broth containing laccase with or without immobilized mycelium was evaluated.With cell-free fermentation broth containing laccase,high decolorization ratio was achieved for acid orange 7,but not for the other dyes concerned.The immobilized mycelium was proved to be more efficient than the cell-free system.All the four dyestuffs studied were found being decolourized with certain extent by immobilized mycelium.The repeated-batch decolorization was carried out with satisfactory results.The experimental data showed that the continuous decolorization of wastewater from a printing and dyeing industry was possible by using self-immobilized C.Versicolor.  相似文献   

18.
IntroductionWastewaterfromtextileprintinganddyeingindustryisoneofthemainpollutionsourcesinEasternChina,wherethecountry’smosttextileindustryarestationed .Thousandskindsofdyeswithdifferentstructuresarebeingconsumedandlargeamountofcolorfulwastewaterconta…  相似文献   

19.
利用吲哚降解菌丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas)IDO2转化吲哚合成靛蓝,优化靛蓝合成条件,并对合成产物进行分析.结果表明,菌株IDO2能够在苯酚、萘、苯和菲的诱导下转化吲哚合成靛蓝,在苯酚诱导时靛蓝的产量最高.采用表面响应法优化菌株合成靛蓝的条件:吲哚197.76mg·L~(-1),苯酚203.39 mg·L~(-1),酵母浸粉0.18%,在此条件下靛蓝的合成量为9.0 mg·L~(-1),与初始条件下的产量相比提高了104%.此外,考察了不同金属离子对菌株IDO2合成靛蓝的影响,结果表明Ba~(2+)和Ca~(2+)对靛蓝的合成具有促进作用.采用液相色谱/飞行时间/质谱联用对菌株IDO2转化吲哚的产物进行定量和定性分析,发现合成产物主要为靛蓝和靛红,并依此提出了可能的反应途径.  相似文献   

20.
生物-光催化反应器系统处理印染废水的研究   总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26  
实验室规模间歇排放延时曝气(IDEA)生物反应器及TiO2光催化反应器组成的生物-光催化反应器系统,处理由3种不工业染料的人工配制印染废水,结果表明,此系统能够有效去除印染废水中的生物可降解及不可生物降解的COD,且能够将废水完全脱色、该系统有很高的抗冲击负荷及处理高浓度印染废水的能力。  相似文献   

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