复合生物反应器处理焦化废水试验研究

采用在悬浮相污泥中投入纤维球填料形成单一复合生物反应器来处理焦化废水,研究了各个运行参数对复合生物反应器处理效果的影响,确定出最佳的运行参数,并研究了在最佳运行条件下复合生物反应器对焦化废水中的COD和NH3-N的去除情况。试验结果表明,采用单一复合生物反应器是一种很好的焦化废水处理方法,它能有效地降解焦化废水中的COD和NH3-N等难降解物质,当进水COD和NH3-N分别小于670、260mg／L时,COD和NH3-N的去除率分别可高达94．8％和91．4％。     

光合细菌强化二级流化床工艺处理焦化废水的研究

采用厌氧酸化加二级流化床组合工艺处理焦化废水。一级反应器内光合细菌与兼性厌氧菌处于共生状态,二级反应器内光合细菌与亚硝酸细菌处于共生状态。一级反应器内光合细菌有充分的小分子有机酸可降解并形成二次酸化,在二级反应器内完成进一步降解。结合反应条件：温度,pH,DO和基质浓度等,将二级反应器内硝化反应控制在亚硝化阶段,有效地保证了废水中碳源的利用。稳定运行了60 d,结果显示,出水COD和NH₃-N浓度分别为105～135 mg/L和14～20 mg/L,去除率分别稳定在90.3%～92.5%和92%～95%。TN去除率稳定在83%～86%。酚、氰化物和BOD5的去除率均在95%以上。     

焦化废水臭氧催化氧化过程的污染物降解特征

为了考察焦化废水臭氧催化氧化深度处理过程中污染物的降解特征,对处理过程中的废水进行了COD、TOC、BOD、紫外可见光谱、高效液相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和凝胶色谱等多种分析。结果表明：经臭氧催化氧化处理后,废水的COD、TOC和UV254均降低,降低速度大小为UV254 >COD >TOC;臭氧催化氧化可提高废水的可生化性,但氧化时间进一步延长,可生化性反而降低;液相色谱表明非极性物质优先得到去除;凝胶色谱表明分子量较小的物质优先去除;GC-MS结果表明焦化废水混凝出水中主要成分为苯酚类、杂环化合物、多环芳烃及其衍生物,臭氧催化氧化处理后这些化合物都得到有效降解。     

电催化降解废水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠为研究对象,在最佳的物理化学条件下,利用紫外光谱、红外光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等仪器分析和化学分析的方法研究了电催化降解新技术去除废水中阴离子表面活性剂的机理.实验结果表明.在羟基自由基(@OH)的氧化分解作用下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基碘酸钠先降解为丁烷,最终均矿化为CO2、H2O和SO42-.     

利用Rank氧电极筛选焦化废水功能菌的探索

介绍了一种利用Rank氧电极筛选焦化废水功能菌的方法。实验所用焦化废水中含有结构不明的成色有机物，从驯化后的活性污泥中分离到一组对该物质有效的菌株，利用Rank氧电极测定其对该物质的活性大小，筛选出活性较好的菌种用于废水生化处理的进一步研究。对于结构不明的物质降解，这种方法具有快速、简捷、灵敏度高等优点。可广泛应用于功能菌的筛选等方面。     

焦化废水深度处理试验研究

采用BC法＋复合过滤技术工艺对焦化废水生化出水进行深度处理试验。结果表明,在SE混凝剂投药量为30 mg/L、BC池停留时间为1.5 h、复合过滤器水力负荷为2.4 m³/（m²·h）的条件下,当深度处理进水水质为COD＝196.1 mg/L、色度＝120倍、NH₃-N＝35.1 mg/L时,其去除率分别为74.7%、86.7%和69.7%,出水可达回用水要求。     

焦化废水中苯系物的分析

随着工业的发展,有机化学在人们的生产和生活中所占的比重日益增长。随之带来的工业污染也日趋严重。炼焦废水含有复杂的芳烃,多核芳烃和其他有机物质。其中含有大量的致癌物质。为此进行分析测定是十分必要的。本工作着手于焦化废水中轻苯组份的分析研究和测定。本方法采用气相色谱法对轻苯组份的分析。以有机皂土—34和邻苯二甲酸二壬酯混合液涂敷上试101白色担体填充的3米色谱柱上于氢火焰离子化检测器上进行     

不同絮凝剂处理焦化废水的研究

相同条件下用3种常用的聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂（PASS，PZSS，PFSC）和高铁酸钠（Na2FeO4）处理焦化废水，实验结果表明，除聚硅酸铝在去浊方面优于高铁酸钠外，高铁酸钠无论在CODCr、色度去除率及固体悬浮物生成量等方面均优于聚硅酸盐类絮凝剂。     

对氯苯酚废水的电化学降解研究

实验利用电沉积法制备的不锈钢基PbO2电极,以对氯苯酚溶液为模型废水,通过静态实验研究外加电压、电解质浓度、曝气量及初始pH值对电化学氧化降解对氯苯酚效果的影响。结果表明,实验制备的PbO2电极具有较高的电催化活性,能够有效降解对氯苯酚;较低的操作电压有助于降低处理成本;随着电解质浓度和曝气量的增加,对氯苯酚去除率均呈...     

Effects of growth substrate on triclosan biodegradation potential of oxygenase-expressing bacteria

Triclosan is an antimicrobial agent, an endocrine disrupting compound, and an emerging contaminant in the environment. This is the first study investigating triclosan biodegradation potential of four oxygenase-expressing bacteria: Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5, Rhodococcus ruber ENV425, and Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. B. xenovorans LB400 and R. ruber ENV425 were unable to degrade triclosan. Propane-grown M. vaccae JOB5 can completely degrade triclosan (5 mg L⁻¹). R. jostii RHA1 grown on biphenyl, propane, and LB medium with dicyclopropylketone (DCPK), an alkane monooxygenase inducer, was able to degrade the added triclosan (5 mg L⁻¹) to different extents. Incomplete degradation of triclosan by RHA1 is probably due to triclosan product toxicity. The highest triclosan transformation capacity (T_c, defined as the amount of triclosan degraded/the number of cells inactivated; 5.63 × 10⁻³ ng triclosan/16S rRNA gene copies) was observed for biphenyl-grown RHA1 and the lowest T_c (0.20 × 10⁻³ ng-triclosan/16S rRNA gene copies) was observed for propane-grown RHA1. No triclosan degradation metabolites were detected during triclosan degradation by propane- and LB + DCPK-grown RHA1. When using biphenyl-grown RHA1 for degradation, four chlorinated metabolites (2,4-dichlorophenol, monohydroxy-triclosan, dihydroxy-triclosan, and 2-chlorohydroquinone (a new triclosan metabolite)) were detected. Based on the detected metabolites, a meta-cleavage pathway was proposed for triclosan degradation.     

活性焦吸附对煤化工废水膜处理工艺的影响

煤化工废水经过生化处理后一般难以达到回用标准,须采用有效的深度处理工艺才能实现废水的资源化利用。通过对比研究方式,采用“混凝-超滤-反渗透工艺”及“混凝-活性焦吸附-超滤-反渗透”2种处理工艺,考察了活性焦吸附对后续膜处理工艺的影响。结果表明,活性焦对废水中的芳香族类等主要污染物具有很好的吸附性能,混凝出水经活性焦吸附后进人膜系统可有效减缓膜污染,降低膜通量的衰减程度并提高产水水质,因此,将活性焦吸附用于煤化工废水膜系统的前处理,采用“混凝-活性焦吸附-超滤-反渗透工艺”深度处理煤化工废水是有效可行的。     

城市污水处理厂污水处理系统中四环素类药物耐药菌的分布特性研究

采用微生物平板涂布法对2家城市污水处理厂污水处理各阶段的四环素类药物(四环素、金霉素、土霉素)耐药菌分布进行了测定,分析了污水处理的各阶段对四环素类药物耐药菌的去除效果。结果显示,2家污水处理厂污水处理系统中均能检出土霉素、四环素、金霉素耐药菌,数量分布均为土霉素耐药菌>四环素耐药菌>金霉素耐药菌。3种耐药菌的浓度均在加氯消毒出水中为最小(在0～103 cfu/mL),在外排污泥中最大(高于进水浓度,在105～107 cfu/mL)。四环素耐药菌数从进水的1.1×105～1.6×105 cfu/mL降为出水的0～5.5×102 cfu/mL,说明污水处理过程对四环素耐药菌有一定的去除效果,但四环素耐药菌占总菌数的百分比没有明显下降或上升,相比于进水的1.1%～3.4%,出水仍然保持在3.1%～4.3%左右,表明污水处理过程中没有选择性的富集或去除四环素耐药菌。     

Photodegradation of quinestrol in waters and the transformation products by UV irradiation

Quinestrol is synthetic estrogen used in contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy and occasionally for treating breast cancer and prostate cancer. It can make its way into the environment through sewage discharge and waste disposal produced by human excretions. In this study, the photodegradation kinetics of quinestrol in various conditions was investigated by UV and solar irradiation. The affecting factors were studied including concentration of hydrogen peroxide, different water types, and the initial concentrations of quinestrol. Concurrently, the transformation products and presumed pathways of quinestrol in distilled water by UV irradiation were identified and proposed. The results showed that the degradation of quinestrol in both irradiation conditions followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. More rapid degradation was observed by UV irradiation (k = 0.018 min⁻¹) than solar irradiation (k = 0.004 h⁻¹), and the photodegradation rate of quinestrol depended on the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the initial concentration of quinestrol and water types. The transformation products of quinestrol in distilled water were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. When exposed to UV irradiation, quinestrol in aqueous solution was rapidly degraded, giving at least ten photodegradation products. The chemical structures of ten degradation products were identified on the basis of mass spectrum interpretation and literature data.     

炼焦废水生化处理技术研究进展

综述了近几年来炼焦废水及炼焦废水中主要成分(酚类、氨类物质、氰化物)的生化处理方法.其中废水中酚类物质的去除方法有投加有效菌、超滤法等;去除氨类物质的方法有A2/O法、纳滤法和反渗透法等;去除氰化物的方法有生物法和化学法等.综合处理炼焦废水的方法有双层生物膜法、生物脱氮法和含铁活性污泥处理技术等.     

活性焦吸附处理一硝基甲苯(MNT)废水

一硝基甲苯(MNT)废水是一种具有高毒性、难降解的火炸药废水。以活性焦为吸附剂,研究了活性焦对MNT废水中COD的吸附性能及pH、时间、温度和活性焦用量对吸附效果的影响,并分析了吸附前后MNT废水水质和急性毒性的变化。实验结果表明,pH、时间和活性焦用量是影响吸附效果的主要因素,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学,吸附速率常数为1.01×10-2g/(mg·min),可以用Freundlich吸附等温线来描述,等温线常数为Kf=1.14×10-4,n=0.58;在pH为3,温度为20℃,活性焦用量为80g/L的条件下吸附MNT废水3 h,COD的去除率达到72.0%,急性毒性下降了98.6%,表明活性焦能有效地吸附处理MNT废水。     

活性焦吸附处理对硝基苯甲酸废水

对硝基苯甲酸是一种对人体有害的化工合成中间体,活性焦是一种具有吸附和催化活性的颗粒物质。采用活性焦对对硝基苯甲酸废水进行静态吸附实验,研究了吸附时间、活性焦投加量、pH值和温度对吸附效果的影响,并分析了吸附等温线、动力学和热力学,以及吸附前后水样水质的变化。结果表明,吸附时间和活性焦投加量是影响吸附效果的主要因素,当初始浓度为50 mg·L-1时,20 g·L-1的活性焦在30 ℃下吸附24 h,废水中的对硝基苯甲酸含量降至0.13 mg·L-1,去除率达99.74%。对硝基苯甲酸在活性焦表面的吸附是放热反应,反应可自发进行,并以物理吸附为主,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。     

褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水

研究褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水的性能,为褐煤活性炭用于废水处理提供理论依据和技术指导。以河南某气化厂的焦化废水为吸附原水,进行褐煤活性炭对酚吸附性能的静态和动态实验。静态实验表明,褐煤活性炭对酚的吸附性能符合弗兰德里希（Freundlich）吸附方程式。在室温条件下,对于150 mL焦化废水,当活性炭的用量为10 g,吸附反应时间为1 h,酚的去除率可达92%以上。动态实验研究表明,当进水酚浓度为3 800 mg/L,吸附1.5 h,活性炭的吸附容量可达21.38 mg/g。水处理的实验研究表明,利用褐煤制备的活性炭,对焦化废水具有良好的处理效果。     

Occurrence of polycyclic musks in wastewater and receiving water bodies and fate during wastewater treatment

The occurrence of cashmerane (DPMI), celestolide, phantolide, traesolide (ATII), galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) in sewage and surface waters and their fate during wastewater treatment and anaerobic sludge digestion is investigated. AHTN and HHCB are the most important representatives and influent concentrations of 0.41-1.8 and 0.9-13 μg L⁻¹ are observed. DPMI is detected in influent and effluent samples but in notably lower concentrations than AHTN and HHCB. Major sources of polycyclic musks are households, whereas industrial emitters seem to be of minor importance. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of selected industrial wastewaters (metal, textile and paper industry). Specific emissions of 0.36 ± 0.19 and 1.6 ± 1.0 mg cap⁻¹ d⁻¹ for AHTN and HHCB are calculated. Overall removal efficiencies between approx 50% and more than 95% are observed during biological wastewater treatment and removal with the excess sludge is the major removal pathway. Log K_D values of 3.73-4.3 for AHTN, 3.87-4.34 for HHCB and 2.42-3.22 for DPMI are observed in secondary sludge. During sludge digestion no or only slight removal occurred. Mean polycyclic musk concentrations in digested sludge amounted to 1.9 ± 0.9 (AHTN), 14.2 ± 5.8 (HHCB), 0.8 ± 0.4 (ATII) and 0.2 ± 0.09 (DPMI) mg kg⁻¹ dry matter. In the receiving water systems a comparable distribution as during wastewater treatment is observed. AHTN, HHCB and DPMI are detected in surface waters (ND (not detected) - < 0.04, ND - 0.32 and ND - 0.02 μg L⁻¹) as well as AHTN and HHCB in sediments (ND - 20, ND - 120 μg kg⁻¹). For HHCB an apparent K_OC value of 4.1-4.4 is calculated for sediments. Major source for polycyclic musks in surface waters are discharges from wastewater treatment plants. For HHCB and DPMI 100% of the load observed in the sampled surface waters derive from discharges of treated wastewater.     

活性焦对典型煤气化废水的吸附及其影响因素

以国内河南某气化厂和哈尔滨某气化厂的煤气化废水为原水,进行活性焦的吸附性能实验。通过COD的去除、BOD/COD变化及分子量变化,研究其对煤气化废水的吸附特点。褐煤制备的活性焦对煤气化废水具有良好的处理效果,吸附出水COD降低,颜色变浅,可生化性提高,活性焦主要吸附煤气化废水中500u以上的大分子有机物。研究了活性焦的粒径、焦浓度、温度和煤气化废水的pH等因素对其吸附性能的影响,结果表明,粒径小于2mm的粉末焦的吸附性能较好,针对特定废水存在最佳焦浓度,温度对吸附效果影响不大,酸性条件有利于吸附。