PBA添加剂在湿法脱硫系统中的应用

当前火电厂燃煤硫分普遍超出设计值,吸收塔入口SO2浓度过大,同时环境保护要求越来越严格,火电厂烟气中SO2浓度很难达标排放,为此脱硫装置迫切需要进行提高脱硫效率的增容改造。针对上述情况,介绍了一种使用新型复合有机酸添加剂PBA来满足脱硫系统设计脱硫效率的解决方案,探讨了PBA添加剂工作原理及使用方法,并就其在节能降耗方面的应用实例进行了分析。     

全国工业节能与综合利用工作会议在重庆召开

<正>全国工业节能与综合利用工作会议于2010年1月14—15日在重庆召开,各省市区工业和信息化主管部门和行业协会的代表参加会议。工业和信息化部苗圩副部长到会并讲话。苗圩副部长全面分析了工业节能与综合利用工作面临的机遇和挑战,并对下一步做好工业节能降耗、减排治污提出了明     

电除尘器节能控制技术在600MW机组上的应用

结合华能汕头电厂3号炉600MW机组电除尘器节能改造实践,从电控角度总结了电除尘器节能保效技术在火电厂的应用,检测结果表明,改造后的节电率超过70%.     

坚持为环境管理服务的发展方向

环境监测是环境管理和污染治理的基础工作，各级主管部门要把环境监测作为环境保护的一项重要工作抓好，各省电力环境监测中心站要明确环境监测为环境管理服务的发展方向，抓紧自身建设，提高整体素质，严格按照《火电厂环境监测条例》和《火电厂环境监测技术规范》开展工作，充分发挥其作为全国电力环境监测网络的“中心”作用。     

坚持为环境管理服务的发展方向──谈电力环境监测中心站工作

环境监测是环境管理和污染治理的基础工作，各级主管部门要把环境监测作为环境保护的一项重要工作抓好；各省电力环境监测中心站要明确环境监测为环境管理服务的发展方向，抓紧自身建设，提高整体素质，严格按照《火电厂环境监测条例》和《火电厂环境监测技术规范》开展工作，充分发挥其作为全国电力环境监测网络的“中心”作用。     

2010年工业节能与综合利用工作要点

2010年工业节能与综合利用工作的总体要求是,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,按照中央经济工作会议及全国工业和信息化工作会议部署,以结构调整和发展方式转变为主线,突出抓好节能降耗,全面推行清洁生产,加强工业“三废”综合利用,积极发展工业循环经济,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型工业体系,力争单位工业增加值能耗下降7％,工业固体废物综合利用率提高1．5个百分点,完成淘汰落后产能年度计划任务,为全面实现“十一五”节能减排目标和应对气候变化作出积极贡献,努力推动工业发展方式转变。     

火电厂排水用于循环冷却补充水的探讨

以淮北等电厂应用厂区排水，徐州等电厂应用灰渣排水作为循环冷却补充水的工程为实例，对水量水质与工艺流程作了介绍；对净化技术和运行综合参娄和作了汇总，根据我国火电厂水量水质多年来的调查统计资料，就循环冷却补充水应达到的水质提出了一些看法，并对火电厂排水净化工艺与开展排水资源化工作提出了探讨意见     

火电厂烟气脱硫工程快速估价方法

为解决目前国内火电厂烟气脱硫工程造价计算方法研究不足的问题，应用模糊数学原理和平滑指数预测方法，结合工程实际，提出了一种火电厂烟气脱硫工程快速有效的估价方法，为烟气脱硫工程的投资估算及概预算工作提供参考。     

1000 MW燃煤机组电除尘深度节能技术研究及应用

电除尘设备在减少工业粉尘排放量、降低大气环境污染、保护生态环境等方面有着重要的作用,随着我国对节能减排工作的重视及环保要求的提高,保证其安全、稳定、经济、节能运行成为火电厂环保工作重点。对北仓电厂三期2×1000 MW机组电除尘电场供电方式优化、电除尘振打方式优化、电除尘闭环控制技术、电除尘高频电源技术、电除尘灰斗、瓷套蒸汽加热技术组合集成应用进行了研究,在确保除尘效率达到要求的情况下,降低运行电耗。相关的电除尘深度节能技术成果在国内同类型设备中具有一定的借鉴意义。     

高频电源在660 MW机组电除尘器中的应用

新的《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（ GB 13223-2011）对燃煤发电厂的烟尘排放浓度作出了更为严格的限制,重点地区烟尘排放标准由50 mg/m3变为30 mg/m3。目前,国内部分火力发电厂电除尘器很难达到新标准要求。针对上述问题,某电厂对电除尘器进行了高频电源改造。介绍高频电源的工作原理,分析高频电源替代传统的工频电源方案的可行性,并以基建实例简要介绍工频电源改为高频电源的措施,实现节约基建成本,达到节能减排目的。     

Photo-oxidation and Photo-toxicity of Crude and Refined Oils

The fate and effects of an oil spill are effected by solar radiation through the action of photo-oxidation and photo-toxicity. Photo-oxidation, an important process in the weathering of oil, produces a variety of oxidized compounds, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, esters, epoxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, phenols, anhydrides, quinones and aliphatic and aromatic alcohols. Some of these compounds contribute to the marine biota toxicity observed after an oil spill. Photo-toxicity occurs when uptake of certain petroleum compounds, e.g. certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzothiophenes, is followed by solar exposure which results in much greater toxicity than after dark uptake. The mechanism of PAH photo-toxicity includes absorbance of solar radiation by the PAH which produces a free radical and this free radical in turn reacts with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA and other cellular macromolecules. While most studies on photo-toxicity have been carried out in the laboratory, there are studies showing that water from an oil spill is photo-toxic to bivalve embryos for at least a few days after the spill. Other studies have found that oil contaminated sediments are photo-toxic to several marine invertebrates. More studies are required to determine if marine fauna at an oil spill site are effected by the action of photo-toxicity and photo-oxidation.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

北京市居民衣服消费处置及对其回收利用认识调查与分析

首先对北京市居民每年购买新衣服的数量、支出、穿着时间、淘汰原因,以及闲置衣服的处理方式、数量等进行了调查与分析,然后对北京市居民对旧衣物回收利用的认识、回收形式及其处理方式,对旧衣物如何处理回收、再利用的担忧,对希望旧衣物回收箱摆放的场所等进行了调查与分析。其研究结果对废旧纺织品回收体系建设、制度及政策制定具有一定的参考价值。     

硫磺回收装置扩能改造及效果分析

介绍了回收酸性气体生产硫磺的工艺原理与工艺流程,论述了影响硫磺回收装置生产能力的诸多因素与扩能改造的情况。扩能改造后,该装置的酸性气体处理量平均为976m^3／h,瞬时处理量可达1200m^3／h,硫磺的生产能力从4450t／a提高到7500t／a,生产能力提高了68．5％,装置总硫回收率达到93．5％。     

微生物絮凝剂及其在水处理中的应用

近年来对微生物絮凝剂的研究不断深入，新的高效菌种不断被发现。简要介绍了微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理、分关、絮凝效果及影响因素，重点介绍了新型微生物絮凝剂在水处理中的应用。     

Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Mineral Spoils and Drainage Waters at Abandoned Coal and Metal Mines

Mining is a long-established human activity. Abandonedmines, tailings, and mine spoils may have considerable impacton neighboring environments long after the sites are abandoned. Of greatest concern are derelict mines and wastes that generateacidic discharge waters that are enriched with iron and othermetals and metalloids. The chemistry and microbiology of thesesites are intricately intertwined. Whilst some indigenousmicroorganisms are responsible for accelerating sulfide mineraloxidation, thereby generating acidity and mobilizing metals,others catalyze reductive processes that essentially reversethese reactions and thereby ameliorate polluted mine waters.This article reviews current knowledge on the chemistry and microbiology of abandoned coal and metal mines, mine spoils and tailings.     

含氟化物及沥青的烟尘治理

铝厂排出的含有氟、氟化物、沥青的烟气及粉尘、使植物、家畜受到危害,引起氟中毒。应用沥青混凝聚装置和静电回收净化技术,既能净化有害烟气又能回收有价值的工业原料。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Polyols and Polyurethane Foams from PET Waste and Crude Glycerol

In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste from post-consumer soft-drink bottles and crude glycerol from the biodiesel industry were used for the preparation of polyols and polyurethane foams. PET waste was firstly depolymerized by the glycolysis of diethylene glycol. The glycolyzed PET oligomers were then reacted with crude glycerol at different weight ratios to produce polyols via a series of reactions, such as esterification, transesterification, condensation, and polycondensation. The polyols were characterized by titration, viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, polyurethane (PU) foams were made via the reaction between the produced polyols and polymeric methylene-4,4′-diphenyl diisocyanate and were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Polyols from crude glycerol and their PU foams were also prepared to compare properties with those of polyols and PU foams from PET and crude glycerol. The influence of aromatic segments existing in glycolyzed PET and glycerol content on the properties of the polyols and PU foams was investigated. It was found that aromatic segments of polyols from glycolyzed PET helped increase their molecular weights and improve thermal stability of PU foams, while high glycerol content in polyols increased the hydroxyl number of polyols and the density and compressive strength of PU foams.     

Dialdehyde starch and zein plastic: Mechanical properties and biodegradability

Dialdehyde starch (DAS) and zein, a hydrophobic corn protein, were investigated to produce biodegradable plastics with improved water resistance and mechanical properties. In the study, dialdehyde starch and zein ratio, plasticizers, and degree of starch oxidation were examined. Increased molding temperature and level of starch oxidation decreased water absorption of the plastic. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased with starch oxidation. The biodegradation of starting materials and ground plastic specimens was studied in aerobic soil reactors maintained at 25°C for 180 days. Biodegradation of corn starch, zein, and dialdehyde starch for 180 days produced CO₂ equivalent to 64, 63, and 10% of theoretical carbon, respectively. Specimens of molded DAS and zein (3 : 1) plastic showed accelerated CO₂ evolution compared to DAS and other raw materials alone. By 180 days, specimens made with starch of low oxidation (1 and 5% oxidized) demonstrated a 60% biodegradation, and specimens with highly oxidized starch (90% oxidized) achieved 37% biodegradation.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Third National Meeting, June 6–8, 1994, Boston, Massachusetts.Journal Paper J-15927 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Project No. 3258.