利用城市污水厂剩余污泥制备生物炭吸附镉

利用城市污水厂剩余污泥制备生物炭并用于吸附重金属离子Cd2＋,有利于城市污水厂污泥的处置,为污水中重金属的处理与处置和“碳减排”提供新的思路与方法。研究结果表明不同污水厂的污泥的最佳活化温度不同,昆明第一污水处理厂污泥最佳活化温度为300℃,第三、第五污水处理厂污泥为400℃;对于污水厂污泥制备的生物炭对镉的吸附量随着pH值的升高而增加;吸附模型拟和结果表明Freundllch模型在大部分温度下均具有比Iangrmuir模型有更好的相关性。     

用常规活性污泥法及一体化氧化沟新工艺处理生活污水的效果分析

对常规活性污泥法和一体化氧化沟工艺在中原油田基地污水厂的应用效果进行了对比分析。月度抽查对比监测发现,两种生物处理法对有机物均有较好的去除效果。一体化氧化沟工艺是一种新型的生活污水处理技术,它对SS、NH3-N的去除效果优于常规法。连续三天的日均值监测结果表明,新工艺对各种污染物的去除效果达到91%以上。这种工艺集通氧、沉淀、废渣分离和回收为一体,占地面积小,操作简单,在中原油田污水站取得了较好的应用效果。     

浅析非工程措施在污泥处理项目中的应用

针对我国现阶段污泥处理过程中管理机制不足的问题,通过对城市污水处理厂污泥管理现状的分析,揭示了污泥处理处置过程中暴露出的管理方式弊病;以广东省东莞市污水处理厂污泥管理实践为例,提出污泥处理项目投融资机制和污泥处理成本分担支付机制,可有效实现城市污水处理厂污泥集中处理处置过程的环境效益最大化。     

Precipitation assessment in wastewater treatment plants operated for biological nutrient removal: a case study in Murcia, Spain

The Murcia Este Wastewater Treatment Plant is the largest wastewater treatment plant in Murcia (Spain). The plant operators have continuously found pipe blockage and accumulation of solids on equipment surfaces during the anaerobic digestion and post-digestion processes. This work studies the precipitation problems in the Murcia Este Wastewater Treatment Plant in order to locate the sources of precipitation and its causes from an exhaustive mass balance analysis. The DAF thickener and anaerobic digester mass balances suggest that most of the polyphosphate is released during excess sludge thickening. Despite the high concentrations achieved in the thickened sludge, precipitation does not occur at this point due to the low pH. The increases in ammonium and pH during anaerobic digestion cause precipitation to take place mainly inside the digesters and in downstream processes. This study shows that 50.7% of the available phosphate is fixed in the digester of which 52.0% precipitates as ammonium struvite, 39.2% precipitates as hydroxyapatite and the remaining 8.8% is adsorbed on the surface of the solids. Thermodynamic calculations confirm the precipitation of struvite and hydroxyapatite and also confirm that potassium struvite does not precipitate in the anaerobic digesters.     

武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂污泥培养驯化方案选择及实施

武汉市二郎庙污水处理厂设计规模24×10^4m^3/d,采用改良A/A/O处理工艺。主要介绍了污泥培养驯化方案的制定,过程和经验,可为类似城市污水处理厂的调试和试运行提供借鉴。     

Sorption of phenol and 4-chlorophenol onto pumice treated with cationic surfactant

The anaerobic digestion rate for flocculated sludge has been considered to be lower than that of original sludge, particularly in the later stages of digestion; attributed this relatively slower rate to the increased mass transfer resistance for reactants through the large flocs after flocculation. This study confirmed that methane production was retarded by flocculation. The structure of the floc was identified with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) technique. To verify the mass transfer resistance induced by flocculation, microsensors were applied to assess the response of oxygen concentration distribution inside the flocs that are subjected to sudden changes in ambient oxygen levels. Response time for the electrode at a floc's center was five times greater than the response time in original sludge flocs. Although the effective diffusivity of oxygen in the floc increased by 2.3 times after flocculation, the increased size of the flocculated floc was the major contributor to the total mass transfer resistance to oxygen.     

丽江市古城区污水处理厂扩建工程的启动调试及运行

丽江市污水处理厂扩建工程处理规模为1万m3/d,采用了改良型ICEAS工艺。该污水处理系统的启动调试内容,包括调试前的准备工作以及活性污泥的培养与驯化。活性污泥培养驯化历时50 d左右,活性污泥絮体基本形成,生物相基本稳定,处理效果显著,出水各项指标达标。在进水BOD低营养源不足的不利条件下,成功完成了该污水处理厂的启动调试和活性污泥培养驯化,对指导污水厂的调试运行有着重要的意义。     

Land application of phosphorus-laden sludge: a feasibility analysis

An investigation was conducted to examine aerobic digestion of the phosphorus-laden sludge produced at the Regina Wastewater Treatment Plant and feasibility of land use of this sludge combined with the dewatered anaerobically digested primary sludge from this plant. Experimental studies showed that aerobic digestion can be employed for the stabilization of the chemical sludge. Results of the feasibility analysis showed that mixing the two digested sludges met the heavy metal criteria set by various guidelines for agricultural use, presented the advantage of an increased concentration of nutrients and a decreased concentration of heavy metals, and a longer useful life of the agricultural site compared to using dewatered anaerobically digested primary sludge alone. Land application of the mixed digested sludges would be a more appropriate method of sludge disposal compared to the present practice of landfilling the dewatered sludge and lagooning the chemical sludge.     

地质屏障的防护性能在采油废水污泥填埋中的作用机理研究

地质屏障对有害物质的防护性能取决于地质屏障的岩石性质、水文地质特征以及污染物本身的物理化学性质。为了了解污泥填埋场表层土壤性质、土壤渗透性能及对特征污染物的吸附和截留情况，实验工程以克拉玛依白碱滩六九区及81#污水处理站废水及所产生的污泥为实例，以六九区污水处理站污水贮存塘区为试验场地，实施现场渗水试验，并对该试验场地不同剖面、不同层位的土壤吸附参数进行测定，以评价地质屏障的防护作用，在满足环境保护的前提条件下，尽量减少工程投入，使污泥填埋工程及投资在社会、环境及经济三方面更趋合理、可行。     

IMPACT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT MODIFICATIONS ON WATER QUALITY OF A RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT. As a result of several investigations conducted in the Department of Civil Engineering through the Water Resources Research Center at The University of Tennessee, dating from 1966 to the present, a rather comprehensive surveillance of water quality conditions has been maintained in Forth Loudoun Reservoir on the Tennessee River near Knowville, Tennessee. During the period covered by these investigations, the Knoxville Third Creek Sewage Treatment Plant was upgraded from a primary plant to a secondary (activated sludge) treatment plant. Comparison of the collected data is being undertaken herein to elucidate the impact of these modifications upon water quality conditions in the reservoir. Consideration is given to the improvements of water quality as related to the expenditure for modification of the treatment facilities. In addition, comment is directed toward the public health significance of the water quality conditions determined.     

污泥厌氧消化预处理技术综述

全球环境问题已成为国际社会关注的焦点,围绕全球气候变化,降低温室气体排放,寻求再生能源,节能减排已成为目前国际科技发展的方向。通过"十一五"污水处理厂的建设,每年污泥产量已接近3000万吨(含水率80%脱水污泥计)以上,且以每年10%的速度递增。其处理与处置是制约社会经济发展的重要问题。但是,城市污泥蕴含有大量生物质能,通过借鉴国外先进技术与经验,开发城市污泥生物质能提取和利用技术,对我国节能减排具有重要战略意义。由于细胞壁的存在,使得污泥水解成为限制厌氧消化效率的重要瓶颈,而污泥强化预处理可有效提高污泥细胞壁的破坏,溶出胞内有机物,最大化回收剩余污泥中的有机能源。目前,预处理技术较多,如超声波预处理、热处理、微波预处理、碱解处理、臭氧预处理等,本文从物理、化学等角度分析了不同预处理对厌氧消化技术的影响。     

Sewage sludge as organic ameliorant for revegetation of fine bauxite refining residue

The rise in aluminium demand in the world has significantly increased the generation of bauxite residue which occupies huge areas of land worldwide. Direct revegetation of residue storage areas has been unsuccessful because of the high alkalinity and salinity, and poor nutrient contents of the fine residue (red mud). This paper describes glasshouse and field experiments evaluating the potential use of sewage sludge as an organic ameliorant for gypsum amended red mud. The growth of Agropyron elongatum in red mud receiving gypsum (0 and 38.5 t ha⁻¹) and sewage sludge (0, 38.5 and 77 t ha⁻¹) amendment was assessed in a glasshouse study. Leachate and soil analyses revealed that gypsum was effective in reducing the pH, EC and ESP of red mud, while sewage sludge gave additional reductions in EC, Na and ESP. No evidence of any significant increases in heavy metal contents were observed in the leachates following sewage sludge amendment. However, soil Al contents were more available in red mud receiving only sewage sludge treatment. Sewage sludge amendment significantly increased dry weight yield and provided sufficient nutrients for plant growth except K which was marginal. No heavy metal accumulation was observed in Agropyron. Following that, a field experiment was performed having red mud amended with sewage sludge (38.5, 77 and 154 t ha⁻¹) and gypsum (38.5 and 77 t ha⁻¹) to evaluate their effects on soil physical properties of red mud. Sewage sludge significantly reduced soil bulk density (25%) and particle density (9%) and increased the total porosity of red mud (8%). Hydraulic conductivity also increased from 1.5 to 23 × 10⁻⁵ m s⁻¹. Plant cover percentage and dry weight yield of Agropyron increased with an increase in gypsum and sewage sludge amendment. The results confirm that sewage sludge is effective in improving both soil structure and nutrient status of gypsum amended red mud. The use of sewage sludge for red mud revegetation provides not just an option for sludge disposal, but also a cost effective revegetation strategy for bauxite refining industry.     

从荷兰、德国的实践看污泥的能源回收利用——浅议污水厂的污泥处理

进入21世纪后,随着城市发展和环境污染的加剧,我国城镇污水处理厂的建设开始加速发展。至2010年,城市污水处理率约为70%,随着大量污水处理厂投入运行,污泥处置问题已经迫在眉睫。本文介绍了荷兰污泥处理的发展历程和方法,以SNB污泥处理中心、慕尼黑Gut Groβlappen污泥处理厂为实例介绍了集中式污泥处理及能源利用。我们认为,荷兰、德国污泥处理的经验和方法对我国的污泥处理具有借鉴价值。     

东莞市污水处理厂升级改造工艺路线初探

针对东莞市38个污水处理厂的实际情况,通过对目前城市污水处理厂常用的二级处理工艺进行技术升级改造时可能采用的深度处理工艺技术的综合分析比较,推荐了NPR、CNR、人工湿地三种工艺作为尾水的深度处理备选技术,提出了东莞市污水处理厂升级改造应优先采用CNR工艺,并可为我国不同地区、不同发展时期满足不同的水质需求进行污水处理厂工艺升级改造提供技术支持。     

伊利金川污水处理厂的设计与运行

根据乳品生产中产生的污水水质特点,对伊利金川污水处理厂采用“调节-隔油-UASB-SBR”工艺进行了工程设计。运行结果表明,采用UASB工艺处理乳品生产中的污水,绝大部分有机物可由厌氧微生物进行降解及去除,每天可减少供氧能耗约7900kW·h,每年可节约电费约130万元。出水水质符合GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准。同时,污水处理厂每天可产生约14300m3沼气(含9875m3甲烷),相当于9.8吨标准煤。沼气可用于低压锅炉燃烧原料,对于缓解目前能源日益紧缺的压力和发展企业的循环经济具有非常重要的意义。该工艺还具有路线短及能源回收等优点,实用性强。     

REGIONAL SEWERING AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE SOUTHERN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY1

ABSTRACT: Sewage effluent is commonly disposed of on land in arid regions, and the majority usually recharges the groundwater. Few evaluations have been made of the effect of effluent disposal on groundwater quality in the west. Groundwater hydrologists are rarely involved with treatment plant design and operation or effluent disposal in the San Joaquin Valley, California. The author's purpose is to evaluate the effect of regional sewering programs on groundwater quality in this valley. Research was conducted on past studies of sewage effluent disposal. An extensive water sampling program was undertaken near the Fresno Sewage Treatment Plant. Chloride contents were used to trace recharged effluent. The extent of recharged effluent was delineated and traced for about ten miles. Sampling between the plant and the urban Fresno area indicated a high probability of large-scale leakage of raw sewage into the groundwater.     

污水处理厂Carrousel氧化沟工艺研究

新会龙泉污水处理厂二期工程采用carrousel氧化沟工艺,经过一年的调试与运行,出水水质达到设计要求,部分指标优于设计标准。由于在Carrousel氧化沟工艺前端增设了厌氧池,有效地提高了Carrousel氧化沟工艺的脱氮除磷效果。     

基于IWRM视角的污水治理绩效综合评价研究——以浙江省为例

绩效评价是地方政府污水治理工作的重要但仍很薄弱的环节。本研究基于综合水资源管理(IWRM)目标原则开发了污水治理绩效综合评价指标体系,确定了指标权重,并对浙江省污水治理绩效进行了实证研究。结果表明,污水治理关键是改善自然水体功能。当前浙江省污水治理绩效总体良好,但存在污水处理投资项目运转效率差、农田污灌比重高、东部沿海市污水治理效果不理想等问题。建议今后浙江省污水治理工作应在继续提高自然水体功能的基础上,提高污水处理设施运转效率,加强农田水污染防治,并强化对东部沿海市区污水治理支持力度。     

SELECTED NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS IN SEWAGE SLUDGE FROM NEW JERSEY POTWs1

ABSTRACT: In order to determine appropriate application rates and to ensure low pollutant levels in sewage sludge, knowing the chemical composition of sewage sludge is of great importance in a land application program. The objective of this study is to evaluate the variability of selected chemical characteristics of sewage sludge from New Jersey publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). Measurements of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH₄⁺‐N, P, K⁺, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn reported by 98 facilities in the 1996 and 1997 New Jersey Sludge Quality Assurance Regulations (SQAR) reports were statistically analyzed. Sewage sludge from Category 5 POTWs (greater than 10 percent industrial input) showed higher Cd, Cu, and Pb concentrations than Category 3 and Category 4 facilities (less than 10 percent industrial input). Even though only two years of data were analyzed, there was an indication that Cd and Pb concentrations in sewage sludge are decreasing with time. The yearly mean of only a few facilities exceeded the federal pollution concentration limits (40 CFR Part 503, Table 3). Phosphorus and Cd values showed the highest variability within facilities based on the coefficient of variation. Due to the variability of sewage sludge constituents, the use of the yearly rolling mean of nutrient concentrations to determine application rates was considered inadequate. An actual analysis of the sewage sludge to be applied is more appropriate to determine application rates than historical data.     

Bioproduction of ferric sulfate used during heavy metals removal from sewage sludge

Toxic metals removal from wastewater sewage sludge can be achieved through microbial processes involving Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The oxidation of ferrous ions by A. ferrooxidans, cultured in sewage sludge filtrate, was studied in both batch and continuous flow stirred tank reactors. Sewage sludge filtrate containing natural nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) was recovered as effluent following the dehydration of a primary and secondary sludge mixture. Batch and continuous flow stirred tank reactor tests demonstrated that A. ferrooxidans were able to grow and completely oxidize ferrous iron in a culture medium containing more than 80% (v v(-1)) sewage sludge filtrate with 10 g Fe(II) L(-1) added. Toxic levels were reached when total organic carbon in the sewage sludge filtrate exceeded 250 mg L(-1). The ferric iron solution produced in the sludge filtrate by A. ferrooxidans was used to solubilize heavy metals in primary and secondary sludge. The solubilization of Cu, Cr, and Zn yielded 71, 49, and 80%, respectively. This is comparable with the yield percentages obtained using a FeCl(3) solution. The cost of treating wastewater sewage sludge by bioproducing a ferric ion solution from sewage sludge is three times less expensive than the conventional method requiring a commercial ferric chloride solution.