昆明市医疗废物的焚烧处理

医疗废物含有大量传染性物质,导致污染的可能是各种病菌和寄生虫卵等,是高度危险废物,必须进行无害化处置.针对昆明市医疗废物的现状,根据国内外先进的管理和处理模式,结合昆明市实际情况,采用焚烧实验炉焚烧昆明市医疗废物,医疗废物无须进行预处理,能直接进行焚烧.实验证明,高温焚烧可彻底清除医疗废物中的病菌及恶臭气体,保证医疗废物的无害化处理.     

北京市城郊生活垃圾无害化处理率达91.3%

北京市认真贯彻《北京市市容环境卫生条例》,加强对各种垃圾的无害化处理,大大加快了环境卫生基础设施建设的步伐。北京每天产生生活垃圾约1.15万吨。目前在对原有垃圾处理设施进行技术改造的同时,又建成2座垃圾处理设施,新增日处理能力600吨。全市已有17座垃圾处理设施投入运行,城近郊区垃圾无害化处理率已经达到了91.3%。北京市每天产生医疗废物40多吨。非典疫情发生前,全市医疗废物日处理能力不过10吨。非典危机过后,全市针对在医疗废物处理方面存在的薄弱环节,着手筹建医疗废物集中处理设施。目前,高安屯医疗废物集中处理厂已开工建设,…     

广东生活环境无害化处理中心

广东生活环境无害化处理中心(以下简称“处理中心”)是由省人民政府拨款扶持兴办的治理环境污染的全民所有制专业机构,成立于1996年2月。“处理中心”的主要任务是协助政府及有关职能部门治理污染,保护人体健康。在省、市人民政府及有关职能部门的大力支持下,于1998年2月建成了广东医疗污染处理站,负责对全广州地区各医疗单位(含中央、部队和省属在穗医院)产生的医疗废物进行集中无害化处理,被称之为全国医疗废物集中无害化处理的“先行者”。1999年10月,广州市卫生部门、广州市环保部门联合下发了《关于我市医疗垃圾集中处置的通知》(穗卫…     

医疗废物非焚烧处理技术规范出台

为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》，落实国务院颁布的《全国危险废物和医疗废物处理设施建设规划》和《医疗废物管理条例》，规范医疗废物化学消毒处理技术的应用行为、工程建设以及设施运行管理，加强医疗废物的安全管理，防止疾病传播，保障人体健康，实现医疗废物无害化处理目标，国家环保总局2006年3月15日颁布实施《医疗废物化学消毒集中处理工程技术规范（试行）》、《医疗废物微波消毒集中处理工程技术规范（试行）》两项国家环境保护行业标准。     

天津市出台医疗废物污染环境防治检查规范 针对医院上交医疗废物少的问题正研究解决方案

天津市于2003年12月出台了《天津市医疗废物污染环境防治检查规范》(简称“规范”),这是我国首部针对医疗废物污染环境防治的检查规范。 “规范”规定了医疗废物焚烧炉必须是采用热力技术处理医疗废物,使之分解并达到无害化的装置,包括进料装置、炉体、烟气净化装置、控制系统、报警系统和应急处     

大港油田免烧砖技术研究与应用

为合规无害化处理钻井废物,避免和降低其对生态环境的影响,针对大港油田钻井废物产生现状,对废钻井液处理后的泥浆土进行了检测分析,污染物检测结果均在GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》第二类用地管制值或筛选值范围内。采用免烧砖技术进行实验数据对比,对原料配比、产品无害化等进行分析,介绍了免烧砖制备的7个主要工艺流程,实践应用效果分析表明,利用泥浆土压制成砖,具有较好的环保效果。     

中国固体废物现状与管理对策

固体废物主要指工业固体废物、城市生活垃圾。其中还包括有毒有害的危险废物。解决固体废物问题最好的方式就是避免产生废物,但有些废物的产生又是不可避免的,因此就必须寻求资源化途径和研究无害于环境的处理处置技术,遵循对固体废物实施减量化、资源无害化的原则,对...     

浅议LRET油基泥浆资源化利用技术

为回收昂贵的油基泥浆资源和使油基废物减量化,油田公司积极寻求和开发含油废物的资源化利用和无害化处理技术,LRET油基泥浆资源回收技术,可将回收的油基泥浆资源再循环用于钻井,降低油田油基泥浆钻井成本,促进油田勘探开发更好更快发展。     

烟台绿环再生资源有限公司

烟台绿环再生资源有限公司成立于2004年3月,注册资本10,127万元,占地面积46万m2,是集普通废物资源化利用、电子废物拆解处置、危险废物无害化处置为一体的循环经济型企业。公司现已建成了危险废物处置中心、废弃电器电子产品回收处置中心、山东省固体废物资源化研发中心等,形成产学研为一体,功能区完善的加工利用基地。年综合处理能力达50万吨,处置电子废物300万台(套),处置和资源     

线路板硝酸剥挂液循环再生工程——深圳市洁驰科技有限公司

深圳市洁驰科技有限公司成立于2007年1月4日,是国内专业从事清洁生产设备研制的高新技术企业。是集研发、设计、生产、安装调试及环保设施运营管理一体的产业化生产基地。公司专注于“废物处理”和“废物再利用”两大领域,在含重金属的工业废液、废渣、污泥处理方面拥有多项核心技术,自主研发的项目超过20个,使洁驰科技在废物无害化、减量化处置和资源化综合利用领域处于国内领跑水平。公司拥有众多核心技术,如PCB含铜废液处置与资源化、退锡水资源化利用、     

Conversion of temperate forests into heaths: Role of ecosystem disturbance and ericaceous plants

Fire and logging in nutrient-poor temperate forests with certain ericaceous understory plants may convert the forests into heaths. The process of disturbance-induced heath formation is documented by using examples ofCalluna in western Europe,Kalmia in Newfoundland, andGaultheria (salal) in coastal British Columbia. In a cool, temperate climate, rapid vegetative growth ofCalluna, Kalmia, and salal following disturbance results in increasing organic accumulation (paludification), nutrient sequestration, soil acidification, and allelochemicals. These are thought to be the main reasons to conifer regeneration failure in disturbed habitats. If continuation in forest is a land-use objective, then temperate forests with an ericaceous understory should not be logged unless effective silvicultural methods are devised to control the ericaceous plants and restore forest regeneration. Preharvest vegetation control may be considered as an option. Failure to control the understory plants may lead to a long-term vegetation shift, from forest to heathland, particularly in nutrient-poor sites. Successful methods of controllingKalmia andGaultheria, however, have yet to be developed. While theKalmia- andGaultheria- dominated heathlands are undesirable in Canada and the Pacific Northwest, a wide range ofCalluna heathlands of western Europe are being conserved as natural and seminatural vegetation.     

Urban ecological systems: scientific foundations and a decade of progress

Urban ecological studies, including focus on cities, suburbs, and exurbs, while having deep roots in the early to mid 20th century, have burgeoned in the last several decades. We use the state factor approach to highlight the role of important aspects of climate, substrate, organisms, relief, and time in differentiating urban from non-urban areas, and for determining heterogeneity within spatially extensive metropolitan areas. In addition to reviewing key findings relevant to each state factor, we note the emergence of tentative "urban syndromes" concerning soils, streams, wildlife and plants, and homogenization of certain ecosystem functions, such as soil organic carbon dynamics. We note the utility of the ecosystem approach, the human ecosystem framework, and watersheds as integrative tools to tie information about multiple state factors together. The organismal component of urban complexes includes the social organization of the human population, and we review key modes by which human populations within urban areas are differentiated, and how such differentiation affects environmentally relevant actions. Emerging syntheses in land change science and ecological urban design are also summarized. The multifaceted frameworks and the growing urban knowledge base do however identify some pressing research needs.     

Neighbourhood characteristics and urban gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area: staffing and voluntarism,food production,infrastructure, and sustainability practices

Urban gardens are important sources of sustenance for communities with limited access to food. Hence, this study focuses on food production in gardens in the Toledo metropolitan area in Northwest Ohio. We administered surveys to 150 garden managers from November 2014 to February 2015 in our attempt to better understand how neighbourhood racial composition and poverty levels are related to staffing and voluntarism, food production and distribution, the development of infrastructure, and the adoption of sustainability practices in urban gardens. The results from 30 gardens are presented in this paper. We used Geographic Information Systems to map the gardens and overlay the map with 2010 census data so that we could conduct demographic analyses of the neighbourhoods in which the gardens were located. Though the gardens were small – two acres or less – up to 46 varieties of food were grown in a single garden. Gardens also operated on small budgets. Food from the gardens was gifted or shared with friends, family, and neighbourhood residents. Gardens in predominantly minority neighbourhoods tended to have fewer institutional partners, less garden infrastructure, and had adopted fewer sustainable practices than gardens in predominantly White neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, residents of predominantly minority and high-poverty neighbourhoods participated in garden activities and influenced garden operations. Volunteering and staffing were racialised and gendered.     

Using Paleo Reconstructions to Improve Streamflow Forecast Lead Time in the Western United States

In water stressed regions, water managers are exploring new horizons that would help in long‐range streamflow forecasts. Oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations have been shown to influence streamflow variability. In this study, long‐lead time streamflow forecasts are made using a multiclass kernel‐based data‐driven support vector machine (SVM) model. The extended streamflow records based on tree ring reconstructions were used to provide a longer time series data. Reconstructed data were used from 1658 to 1952 and the instrumental record was used from 1953 to 2007. Reconstructions for oceanic‐atmospheric oscillations included the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation. Streamflow forecasts using all four oscillations were made with one‐year to five‐year lead times for 21 gages in the western United States. This is the first study that uses both instrumental and reconstructed data of oscillations in SVM model to improve streamflow forecast lead time. SVM model was able to provide “satisfactory” to “very good” forecasts with one‐ to five‐year lead time for the selected gages. The use of all the oscillation indices helped in achieving better predictability compared to using individual oscillations. The SVM modeling results are better when compared with multiple linear regression model forecasts. The findings are statistical in nature and are expected to be useful for long‐term water resources planning and management.     

Predicting deer-vehicle collisions in an urban area

Collisions with deer and other large animals are increasing, and the resulting economic costs and risks to public safety have made mitigation measures a priority for both city and wildlife managers. We created landscape models to describe and predict deer-vehicle collision (DVCs) within the City of Edmonton, Alberta. Models based on roadside characteristics revealed that DVCs occurred frequently where roadside vegetation was both denser and more diverse, and that DVCs were more likely to occur when the groomed width of roadside right-of-ways was smaller. No DVCs occurred where the width of the vegetation-free or manicured roadside buffer was greater than 40 m. Landscape-based models showed that DVCs were more likely in more heterogeneous landscapes where road densities were lower and speed limits were higher, and where non-forested vegetation such as farmland was in closer proximity to larger tracts of forest. These models can help wildlife and transportation managers to identify locations of high collision frequency for mitigation. Modifying certain landscape and roadside habitats can be an effective way to reduce deer-vehicle collisions.     

AN APPLICATION RUNOFF MODEL STRATEGY FOR UNGAGED WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Mathematical models for predicting watershed surface flow responses are available, most of which are elaborate nonlinear numerical surface and channel flow models linked with infiltration models. Such models may be used to make predictions for ungaged areas, assuming an acceptable fitting of the model to the topography and roughness of the real system. For some application purposes, these models are impractical because of their complexity and expensive computer solutions. A procedure is developed that uses a complex model of an ungaged area to derive a simpler parametric nonlinear system model for repetitious simulation with input sequences. The predicted flow outputs are obtained with the simpler model at significant savings of money and time. The procedures for constructing a complex kinematic model of a 40 acre (161,880 m²) reference watershed and deriving the simpler system model are outlined. The results of predictions from both models are compared with a selected set of measured events, all having essentially the same initial conditions. Peak discharges ranged from 3 to 118 ft³/sec (0.085 to 3.34 m³/sec), which includes the largest event of record. The inherent limitations of lumped systems models are demonstrated, including the bias caused by their inability to model infiltration losses after rainfall ceases. Computer costs and times for the models were compared. The derived simple model has a cost advantage when repeated use of a model is required. Such an applications hydrologic model has an engineering tradeoff of reduced accuracy, and lumping bias, but is more economical for certain design purposes.     

MANGANESE CYCLE IN IMPOUNDMENT WATER

Manganese entering impounded water will undergo a cyclic transformation. Oxidation precipitates manganese from top waters. At the bottom of the lake, biological activity will render manganese soluble by both intracellular as well as extracellular activity. The study was made to demonstrate that biological reduction and transformation, organometallic complexation, together with the presence of carbon dioxide and the lowering of pH all have some effect on the solubility of manganese. Dissolved manganese may be brought back to top waters during the lake overturn and therefore deteriorates the water quality.     

Surface applied water treatment residuals affect bioavailable phosphorus losses in Florida sands

Water treatment residuals (WTR) can reduce runoff P loss and surface co-application of P-sources and WTR is a practical way of land applying the residuals. In a rainfall simulation study, we evaluated the effects of surface co-applied P-sources and an Al-WTR on runoff and leacheate bioavailable P (BAP) losses from a Florida sand. Four P-sources, namely poultry manure, Boca Raton biosolids (high water-soluble P), Pompano biosolids (moderate water-soluble P), and triple super phosphate (TSP) were surface applied at 56 and 224kgPha(-1) (by weight) to represent low and high soil P loads typical of P- and N-based amendments rates. The treatments further received surface applied WTR at 0 or 10gWTRkg(-1) soil. BAP loss masses were greater in leachate (16.4-536mg) than in runoff (0.91-46mg), but were reduced in runoff and leachate by surface applied WTR. Masses of total BAP lost in the presence of surface applied WTR were less than approximately 75% of BAP losses in the absence of WTR. Total BAP losses from each of the organic sources applied at N-based rates were not greater than P loss from TSP applied at a P-based rate. The BAP loss at the N-based rate of moderate water-soluble P-source (Pompano biosolids) was not greater than BAP losses at the P-based rates of other organic sources tested. The hazards of excess P from applying organic P-sources at N-based rates are not greater than observed at P-based rates of mineral fertilizer. Results suggest that management of the environmental P hazards associated with N-based rates of organic materials in Florida sands is possible by either applying P-sources with WTR or using a moderate water-soluble P-source.     

Sources and Transport of Phosphorus to Rivers in California and Adjacent States,U.S., as Determined by SPARROW Modeling

The SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed attributes) model was used to simulate annual phosphorus loads and concentrations in unmonitored stream reaches in California, U.S., and portions of Nevada and Oregon. The model was calibrated using de‐trended streamflow and phosphorus concentration data at 80 locations. The model explained 91% of the variability in loads and 51% of the variability in yields for a base year of 2002. Point sources, geological background, and cultivated land were significant sources. Variables used to explain delivery of phosphorus from land to water were precipitation and soil clay content. Aquatic loss of phosphorus was significant in streams of all sizes, with the greatest decay predicted in small‐ and intermediate‐sized streams. Geological sources, including volcanic rocks and shales, were the principal control on concentrations and loads in many regions. Some localized formations such as the Monterey shale of southern California are important sources of phosphorus and may contribute to elevated stream concentrations. Many of the larger point source facilities were located in downstream areas, near the ocean, and do not affect inland streams except for a few locations. Large areas of cultivated land result in phosphorus load increases, but do not necessarily increase the loads above those of geological background in some cases because of local hydrology, which limits the potential of phosphorus transport from land to streams.     

Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific

The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.