浙江省生物多样性保护对策研究

由于森林的破坏与片段化、湖泊面积缩小、水域污染、滩涂湿地围垦和物种资源过度开发利用等原因,使生物多样性严重受协。在对浙江省生物多样性保护进行系统研究的基础上,提出了浙江省生物多样性保护的目标和主要对策。     

生物多样性受损人类难寻治疗癌症等疾病良方

有专家指出,随着地球上植物和动物灭绝的脚步加快,生物多样性正面临挑战,人类找到治疗癌症等疾病的希望也因此变得渺茫。     

农业生物多样性的保护和利用概述

生物多样性,是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础,不仅提供了人类生存不可缺少的食物来源,也构成了人类生存与发展的生物圈环境。因此,从农业生物多样性的概念、农业生物多样性的变化态势以及其丧失的原因;农业生物多样性的保护与可持续利用的对策等方面加以阐述,以达到保护作物和畜禽等的遗传多样性及其野生亲缘种类的目的。     

生物多样性面临的威胁及其原因

本文探讨了生态系统和物种多样性所面临的威胁,指出目前物种灭绝的速度在加快,濒危物种在增多,生物多样性保护的重点应是濒危物种。并分析了生物多样性丧失的原因,认为人口过快增加是生物多样性危机的主要根源     

涉及生物多样性保护的环境影响评价有效性评估

涉及生物多样性的环境影响评价有效性评估分为对执行状况的评估和对管理状况的评估两方面.以生态影响型环境影响评价报告书执行合规程度和行政管理的信息机制完善程度为评估目标,构建了“原则层-指标层-标准层”评估指标体系和量化评估方法.涉及生物多样性的环境影响评价有效性一般,主要问题是评价等级与评价范围的确定不符合相关规范,生态环境现状评价、生态影响预测及公众参与的有效性均不理想;信息机制有效性很差,缺失报告书草稿公布阶段和项目运营后评估信息公布阶段,已有的各信息公布阶段在内容上存在明显时滞,干系人综合决策与审批透明度不足.建议明确评价机构的资质,加强培训和信息公开的执法.     

生物多样性日渐丧失

据IUCN（世界自然保护联盟）公布的2007年《受威胁物种红色名录》,世界上受威胁的物种已达到41415种,其中有16306种物种濒临灭绝,比2006年增加了188种,比2000年增加了5260种。70％的植物、1／3的两栖动物、1／4的哺乳动物（尤其是大猩猩）以及1／8的鸟类（特别是非洲和亚洲的秃鹫）生存受到威胁。唯有毛里求斯回声鹦鹉状况在2007年有新改善,这得益于颇为有效的保护措施。IUCN今年编制名录首次按照国家分布分类。     

环评中生物多样性影响评价内容与方法探析

环境影响评价(简称"环评")中生物多样性影响评价在生物多样性保护中具有重要的作用。介绍了环评中生物多样性影响评价的基本内涵和主要特征及其在中国的发展现状,分析了现有评价内容和方法所存在的不足,并提出从完善评价指标体系、建立有效的评价预测模型、加强GIS技术在实际评价工作中的实践来加强环评中生物多样性影响评价工作。     

旅游规划环境影响评价中的生物多样性影响识别探析

在甘孜州旅游总体开发规划环境影响评价工作的基础上,对旅游规划环境影响评价中的生物多样性影响评价中的影响识别的基本内涵、主要内容和方法进行了探讨,以期为旅游规划环境影响评价中的生物多样性评价以及其他相关工作提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

Biostyr曝气生物滤池的沿程微生物多样性

采用高通量测序Illumina MiSeq方法对Biostyr曝气生物滤池（BAF）沿程微生物多样性进行研究,分析了滤池内不同高度样品中菌群类别、群落组成及不同样品间物种差异及进化关系等;同时测定各高度样品的COD、NH4+-N和磷变化规律,与微生物特性进行了对应性分析。结果表明,Biostyr曝气生物滤池优势菌群主要为拟杆菌、疣微菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门,滤池沿程微生物的变化主要表现在数量上的变化,而群落结构的变化不明显,这是沿程理化条件变化引发微生物在空间上发生变化的结果。     

PCR-DGGE分析脱苯脱酚生物塔中的生物多样性

运用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增，从脱苯脱酚生物塔中提取微生物的总DNA，得到其16S rRNA(分子钟)的V3可变区的特定片段，然后运用变性梯度凝胶电脉(DGGE)分析其微生物的多样性。实验表明：在脱苯和脱酚塔中生长着多种微生物，两个生物塔中微生物有很大的差别，也有相似之处。     

Balancing Water Resources Development and Environmental Sustainability in Africa: A Review of Recent Research Findings and Applications

Sustainable development in Africa is dependent on increasing use of the continent’s water resources without significantly degrading ecosystem services that are also fundamental to human wellbeing. This is particularly challenging in Africa because of high spatial and temporal variability in the availability of water resources and limited amounts of total water availability across expansive semi-arid portions of the continent. The challenge is compounded by ambitious targets for increased water use and a rush of international funding to finance development activities. Balancing development with environmental sustainability requires (i) understanding the boundary conditions imposed by the continent’s climate and hydrology today and into the future, (ii) estimating the magnitude and spatial distribution of water use needed to meet development goals, and (iii) understanding the environmental water requirements of affected ecosystems, their current status and potential consequences of increased water use. This article reviews recent advancements in each of these topics and highlights innovative approaches and tools available to support sustainable development. While much remains to be learned, scientific understanding and technology should not be viewed as impediments to sustainable development on the continent.     

水资源的持续开发和利用

随着人品的增长和经济的发展,越来越多的国家正面临着严重的水危机、水质的恶化和水生态系统的破坏使许多国家的淡水供应出现危机,所以水资源必须得到保护和合理的开发。本文探讨了全球水资源的短缺及其原因,并提出了解决水资源短缺的途径。     

Transnational multistakeholder partnerships for sustainable development: Conditions for success

This perspective discusses nine conditions for enhancing the performance of multistakeholder partnerships for sustainable development. Such partnerships have become mainstream implementation mechanisms for attaining international sustainable development goals and are also frequently used in other adjacent policy domains such as climate change, health and biodiversity. While multistakeholder arrangements are widely perceived as a positive contribution to addressing global change, few studies have systematically evaluated the existing evidence for their positive performance. This poses an urgent and important challenge for researchers and practitioners to understand and improve the effectiveness of partnerships, in particular since their popularity increases despite their past track record. The recommendations presented are based on own research, a literature survey and discussions with a large number or international Civil Society Organizations at two occasions during 2014. This article proceeds as follows: first, we define multistakeholder partnerships, outline their rational and summarize available assessments on partnership success; second, we provide a set of concrete recommendations based on lessons-learned from over 10 years of scholarship; and third, we conclude with some reflections on the future of multistakeholder governance for sustainability.     

富阳市昌东村生态农业建设

对昌东村生态农业建设和自然资源保护情况进行了总结,并对其取得的成效进行了分析。结果表明,生态村建设是农村经济可持续发展必由之路,昌东经验对亚热带丘陵地区发展农村经济有一定指导意义。     

生态全息论对发展循环经济的启示

作者根据生态全息的理论,提出了推行工业生态系统和循环经济的具体步骤。发展循环经济是一个大的系统工程,涉及到经济、环境、社会的各个层面,涉及到国民经济的各个行业和企业,必须进行系统的研究和战略部署,理念不能作为目标,没有政府的支持和企业的积极参与是不行的。     

环境与经济协调发展理论研究进展

简述了协调发展的内涵及其定量化研究概况,综述了协调发展相关理论－可持续发展,环境承载力,生态经济规划等的研究进展,并指出了协调发展理论的研究趋势。     

基于生态足迹模型的浙江省可持续发展研究

基于废弃物处理技术与土地面积之间的关系,对Wackernagel等提出的生态足迹模型中废弃物账户的核算方法作了补充,并以浙江省为实例,分析了2003年浙江省可持续发展状况.结果表明,2003年浙江省人均生态足迹为1.70 hm2,人均生态承载力为0.42 hm2,人均生态赤字为1.28 hm2,生态需求与供给之间存在一定差距.     

Social and Cultural Sustainability: Criteria, Indicators, Verifier Variables for Measurement and Maps for Visualization to Support Planning

Policies on economic use of natural resources require considerations to social and cultural values. In order to make those concrete in a planning context, this paper aims to interpret social and cultural criteria, identify indicators, match these with verifier variables and visualize them on maps. Indicators were selected from a review of scholarly work and natural resource policies, and then matched with verifier variables available for Sweden’s 290 municipalities. Maps of the spatial distribution of four social and four cultural verifier variables were then produced. Consideration of social and cultural values in the studied natural resource use sectors was limited. The spatial distribution of the verifier variables exhibited a general divide between northwest and south Sweden, and regional rural and urban areas. We conclude that it is possible to identify indicators and match them with verifier variables to support inclusion of social and cultural values in planning.