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有专家指出,随着地球上植物和动物灭绝的脚步加快,生物多样性正面临挑战,人类找到治疗癌症等疾病的希望也因此变得渺茫。 相似文献
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本文探讨了生态系统和物种多样性所面临的威胁,指出目前物种灭绝的速度在加快,濒危物种在增多,生物多样性保护的重点应是濒危物种。并分析了生物多样性丧失的原因,认为人口过快增加是生物多样性危机的主要根源 相似文献
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农业生物多样性的保护和利用概述 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
生物多样性,是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础,不仅提供了人类生存不可缺少的食物来源,也构成了人类生存与发展的生物圈环境。因此,从农业生物多样性的概念、农业生物多样性的变化态势以及其丧失的原因;农业生物多样性的保护与可持续利用的对策等方面加以阐述,以达到保护作物和畜禽等的遗传多样性及其野生亲缘种类的目的。 相似文献
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涉及生物多样性的环境影响评价有效性评估分为对执行状况的评估和对管理状况的评估两方面.以生态影响型环境影响评价报告书执行合规程度和行政管理的信息机制完善程度为评估目标,构建了“原则层-指标层-标准层”评估指标体系和量化评估方法.涉及生物多样性的环境影响评价有效性一般,主要问题是评价等级与评价范围的确定不符合相关规范,生态环境现状评价、生态影响预测及公众参与的有效性均不理想;信息机制有效性很差,缺失报告书草稿公布阶段和项目运营后评估信息公布阶段,已有的各信息公布阶段在内容上存在明显时滞,干系人综合决策与审批透明度不足.建议明确评价机构的资质,加强培训和信息公开的执法. 相似文献
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浙江省生物多样性保护对策研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
由于森林的破坏与片段化、湖泊面积缩小、水域污染、滩涂湿地围垦和物种资源过度开发利用等原因,使生物多样性严重受协。在对浙江省生物多样性保护进行系统研究的基础上,提出了浙江省生物多样性保护的目标和主要对策。 相似文献
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采用高通量测序Illumina MiSeq方法对Biostyr曝气生物滤池(BAF)沿程微生物多样性进行研究,分析了滤池内不同高度样品中菌群类别、群落组成及不同样品间物种差异及进化关系等;同时测定各高度样品的COD、NH4+-N和磷变化规律,与微生物特性进行了对应性分析。结果表明,Biostyr曝气生物滤池优势菌群主要为拟杆菌、疣微菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门,滤池沿程微生物的变化主要表现在数量上的变化,而群落结构的变化不明显,这是沿程理化条件变化引发微生物在空间上发生变化的结果。 相似文献
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冬季生态浮床对浮游藻类数量及生物多样性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了考察生态浮床在冬季的运行效果,选择世博园区白莲泾生态浮床工程为研究对象,研究了冬季生态浮床对浮游藻类数量及生物多样性的影响。结果表明,取样期间浮游藻类生物总量逐月增加,且对照区明显高于浮床区;浮床区与对照区浮游藻类的种群结构差异明显,浮床区以硅藻门为主,而对照区以绿藻门为主。并且,小环藻与细微颤藻的优势度指数均有明显的下降。同时,浮床区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数明显高于对照区。以上结果均证明,虽然在冬季较低温的情况下水生植物新陈代谢缓慢,但生态浮床仍会影响浮游藻类的数量及生物多样性,从而对水质净化起到一定的改善作用。 相似文献
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中小企业的迅速发展所造成的环境污染已有目共睹,而造纸行业的污染则更是严重;本文从造纸行业污染的特点出发分析了其主要问题和对策。 相似文献
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从城市环境概念和内涵入手,以可持续发展原则作为依据,首次提出了城市环境可持续发展的概念,并建立了其相应的模型,进而对城市环境SD具体内容进行了分析,最后指出了城市环境可持续发展政策框架,为研究城市可持续发展理论,实施国家可持续发展战略提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
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Michael E. McClain 《Ambio》2013,42(5):549-565
Sustainable development in Africa is dependent on increasing use of the continent’s water resources without significantly degrading ecosystem services that are also fundamental to human wellbeing. This is particularly challenging in Africa because of high spatial and temporal variability in the availability of water resources and limited amounts of total water availability across expansive semi-arid portions of the continent. The challenge is compounded by ambitious targets for increased water use and a rush of international funding to finance development activities. Balancing development with environmental sustainability requires (i) understanding the boundary conditions imposed by the continent’s climate and hydrology today and into the future, (ii) estimating the magnitude and spatial distribution of water use needed to meet development goals, and (iii) understanding the environmental water requirements of affected ecosystems, their current status and potential consequences of increased water use. This article reviews recent advancements in each of these topics and highlights innovative approaches and tools available to support sustainable development. While much remains to be learned, scientific understanding and technology should not be viewed as impediments to sustainable development on the continent. 相似文献
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This perspective discusses nine conditions for enhancing the performance of multistakeholder partnerships for sustainable development. Such partnerships have become mainstream implementation mechanisms for attaining international sustainable development goals and are also frequently used in other adjacent policy domains such as climate change, health and biodiversity. While multistakeholder arrangements are widely perceived as a positive contribution to addressing global change, few studies have systematically evaluated the existing evidence for their positive performance. This poses an urgent and important challenge for researchers and practitioners to understand and improve the effectiveness of partnerships, in particular since their popularity increases despite their past track record. The recommendations presented are based on own research, a literature survey and discussions with a large number or international Civil Society Organizations at two occasions during 2014. This article proceeds as follows: first, we define multistakeholder partnerships, outline their rational and summarize available assessments on partnership success; second, we provide a set of concrete recommendations based on lessons-learned from over 10 years of scholarship; and third, we conclude with some reflections on the future of multistakeholder governance for sustainability. 相似文献
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固相微萃取(SPME) 是在固相萃取(SPE) 的基础上结合顶空分析(Headspace) 建立起来的一种新的样品预处理方法,它于1990 年J.Pawliszyn 首先提出,因其携带方便、操作简便、测定快速、高效的特点,且是一种无溶剂的样品预处理方法,故在短短几年时间,广泛应用于各个研究领域,如环境( 包括水样、土壤、空气) 以及食品、药物、毒理学等的分析研究。本文根据所查阅到的文献,对目前国际上固相微萃取法的应用发展及其研究情况作一概述,并就该方法今后的可能发展方向进行初步的探讨(60 ,146 ,153) ! 相似文献
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