基于层次分析法的秦皇岛市垃圾填埋场选址评价

城市垃圾填埋场场址的选择,受到当地经济、交通、气候条件,自然地理条件,环境保护条件,水文地质工程地质条件等诸多因素影响,是一项十分复杂的工程。本文总结了秦皇岛市现有垃圾填埋场的基本情况、存在问题及其产生原因。鉴于层次分析法在多目标决策分析方面的成效,将其运用到秦皇岛市垃圾填埋场选址评价中,对研究区进行适宜性分区,依次划分为最佳场地区、适宜场地区、较适宜场地区、不适宜场地区。     

面向循环经济的电子产品逆向物流网络选址研究

一个有限的资源环境不可能支撑无限的经济增长要求,逆向物流选址是物流系统管理中的核心问题,其解决不仅可合理平衡这两者之间的矛盾,还可从技术层面实现物质闭环流动,促成循环经济的可持续发展.基于Jayaraman选址模型,通过对无锡市电子产品逆向物流网络选址问题的实际研究,利用Lingo_11.0软件求得在特定假设下的最优选址结果.结果显示,有5个回收站被选中,分别分布在北塘区、崇安区、南长区、锡山区和新区;有2个重制站被选中,分别分布在东湖塘和雪浪,并对该选址结果进行可行性分析,为无锡市整体逆向物流选址提供了可靠的科学依据和有力的政策建议.     

青海祁连民用机场工程选址浅析

机场选址事关机场的可持续发展和促进区域经济发展以及服务国防战备的重要。文章从地形地貌及不良地质现象、地质构造、水文地质特征、自然水系及水位、以及工程地质特征及场地适宜性五个方面对三个场址的工程地质条件进行对比分析,最终确定阿柔场址为首选推荐场址,其次为热麦尔场址但水文地质条件较差;最后推荐峨堡场址,地形起伏较大,工程地质条件一般,水文地质条件较好,但环境地质条件较差,易受到风蚀砂埋不良地质环境的影响。     

畜禽养殖场建设项目选址合理性评价

选址合理性是建设项目审批的基本原则之一,是环境影响评价文件中不可或缺的内容。在环境影响评价工作中,需从法律法规制度、规划符合性分析、畜禽养殖场内外环境的影响、环境安全风险以及环境容量等方面,多角度、全方面地分析论证畜禽养殖场建设项目选址的合理性。     

南海北部海域油气勘探保障建设选址适宜性研究

为分析南海北部海域油气勘探保障建设选址的适宜性,在广泛研究备选区特征资料的基础上,基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)原理,以自然环境因素、开发环境因素、基础设施与投资情况以及其他因素作为一级评判准则,建立了包括12项二级评判准则的递进层次结构模型,并以永兴岛、赵述岛和晋卿岛作为3个假定备选区,来验证分析评价模型的有效性和可靠性。AHP评判结果显示,3个备选区的整体优劣指数依次为0.587 1, 0.212 1, 0.200 8;AHP模型的一致性比例CR值为0.020 3。通过分析和筛选影响远海油气勘探保障建设的选址因子,构建基于AHP原理的选址评价模型,可用于分析评价南海北部岛礁油气勘探保障建设选址的适宜性。     

考虑环境因素的新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径优化

基于双目标数学规划模型的新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径规划方法与基于启发式算法的新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径规划方法忽略换电站服务半径的计算,在换电站选址优化后出现经济效益低、用户充电总交通成本高的现象,导致新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径优化结果不合理,为此设计一种考虑环境因素的新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径优化方法。将负荷约束与电能质量约束作为选址约束条件,依据新能源配送汽车的续驶能力对新能源配送汽车换电站服务半径测算,并确定换电站的最大服务次数,根据新能源配送汽车固定需求与过路充电需求对新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径优化,以此完成考虑环境因素的新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径优化。实验结果表明,此次设计的方法比传统的两种方法优化后的换电站经济效益高、用户充电总交通成本低,证明了所设计的考虑环境因素的新能源配送汽车换电站选址路径优化方法的合理性。     

土地综合整治项目选址影响因素分析

以重庆市云阳县中湾村为例,构建了以自然条件、政策与经济条件、社会文化、土地利用4方面16次评价指标为内容的选址影响因素评价指标体系,并运用AHP层次分析法对影响因素权重进行了分析。分析表明:地形地貌、土地整治潜力、土地规模化经营程度和项目实施规模相对重要性最高,产业规划及开发条件、土地规划影响、群众意愿、土地流转政策及实现程度、水源灌溉条件、自然灾害发生情况及土地权属状况相对重要性居中,群众受教育程度、经济发展水平、对外(内)交通条件、干群基础和村域熟人网络重要性相对较小。     

土地综合整治项目选址影响因素分析CSSCI

以重庆市云阳县中湾村为例,构建了以自然条件、政策与经济条件、社会文化、土地利用4方面16次评价指标为内容的选址影响因素评价指标体系,并运用AHP层次分析法对影响因素权重进行了分析。分析表明:地形地貌、土地整治潜力、土地规模化经营程度和项目实施规模相对重要性最高,产业规划及开发条件、土地规划影响、群众意愿、土地流转政策及实现程度、水源灌溉条件、自然灾害发生情况及土地权属状况相对重要性居中,群众受教育程度、经济发展水平、对外(内)交通条件、干群基础和村域熟人网络重要性相对较小。     

准好氧填埋技术在城市垃圾处理中的应用

准好氧垃圾填埋技术在近年得到了国内外的广泛应用。其原理是将排气管与渗滤液收集管相通，利用自然通风，使外部空气因填埋场内微生物发酵产生的热量形成的热对流而通过排水管自然进入填埋场内。使填埋场内维持好氧状态，从而加快垃圾的分解，改善渗滤液水质，降低有害气体的发生量，极大的改善了填埋场周围的环境。     

非常规油气田开发作业废液处理站选址模型研究

针对作业废液处理站选址问题，通过分析长庆某油气田油气井点位分布、废水产量，注水点位置 信息，运用Python、Arcgic、Excel等分析工具，以作业废液处理站建设成本与作业废液的运输成本之和最小为目标函数，节点单日作业废液产量之和小于等于作业废液处理站日处理量为主要约束条件，在路径不明的情况 下，修正路径距离，建立废液处理站选址模型并进行求解。模型运行结果表明，通过选址模型可以得出作业废 液处理站的最优坐标点位置，随着设定作业废液处理站数量增加，运输费用逐渐降低，单座处理站规模降低，但运算量也随之增大，选址模型对非常规油气田开发作业废液处理站的选址具有指导意义。     

城市生活垃圾填埋场恶臭污染与周边限建区划分探讨

随着我国城市垃圾状况和城市建设的变化,填埋场气体问题日益突出。探讨环境影响评价中如何合理确定垃圾填埋场周边建设的控制距离,科学设置垃圾填埋场的防护距离,已成为解决恶臭污染问题的有效途径之一。文章将恶臭污染影响作为限制性因素,提出垃圾填埋场周边限建区的概念,并探讨了划分思路和原则,最后文章从恶臭污染控制因子选取、恶臭污染影响计算模式及参数选取等对恶臭污染防护距离进行了讨论,在此基础上对垃圾填埋场周边限建区的划分方法进行了具体说明。文章探讨的基于垃圾填埋场恶臭污染影响的限建区划分方法,对垃圾填埋场环境影响评价及垃圾填埋场周边建设项目规划具有一定的参考意义。     

风水与环境

“风水”的基本思想是“天人合一”，它重视人与自然的内在联系，崇尚自然，尊重环境。本文旨在通过现代科学的阐述，从环境学的角度来看待风水与人的关系，挖掘风水中的科学精髓，让其能更好的为时所用。     

厌氧-准好氧型填埋的渗滤液实验研究

通过室内模拟试验，在渗滤液回灌的厌氧填埋柱基本进入稳定状态后，改用准好氧运行方式。同时监测了渗滤液中有机物浓度以压温度、pH值的变化。改变模拟垃圾柱的运行方式两个月以后。氨氯浓度由2000mg／L迅速下降至101．48mg／L，试验结果显示，准好氧运行方式可以解决生物反应器填埋场进入稳定阶段后存在的氨氮浓度高的问题，加速填埋场的稳定。     

生活垃圾填埋场建设项目环保验收调查方法研究简

垃圾填埋场建设项目的主要环境问题包括：渗沥液排放、地下水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪声污染、景观变化和环境安全。根据工作经验,建立了包括建设项目基本情况、生态环境影响、社会环境影响、生态环境保护措施四大类调查监测指标为核心的环保验收调查指标体系,提出了文件资料核实、现场勘查、遥感调查、公众意见调查、环境监测和摄影法为主的建设项目竣工环保验收调查技术方法。     

浅谈非正规垃圾填埋场的治理

以广东省某镇级非正规垃圾填埋场整治为例,介绍非正规垃圾填埋场治理技术及主要工程措施,为今后类似项目提供借鉴。     

GIS and the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Regional Landfill Site Selection in Transitional Countries: A Case Study From Serbia

The Serbian National Waste Management Strategy for the Period 2010–2019, harmonized with the European Union Directives, mandates new and very strict requirements for landfill sites. To enable analysis of a number of required qualitative and quantitative factors for landfill site selection, the traditional method of site selection must be replaced with a new approach. The combination of GIS and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was selected to solve this complex problem. The Srem region in northern Serbia, being one of the most environmentally sensitive areas, was chosen as a case study. Seventeen factors selected as criteria/sub-criteria were recognized as most important, divided into geo-natural, environmental, social and techno-economic factors, and were evaluated by experts from different fields using an AHP extension in Arc GIS. Weighted spatial layers were combined into a landfill suitability map which was then overlapped with four restriction maps, resulting in a final suitability map. According to the results, 82.65% of the territory of Srem is unsuitable for regional landfill siting. The most suitable areas cover 9.14%, suitable areas 5.24%, while areas with low and very low suitability cover 2.21 and 0.76% of the territory, respectively. Based on these findings, five sites close to two large urban agglomerations were suggested as possible locations for a regional landfill site in Srem. However, the final decision will require further field investigation, a public acceptance survey, and consideration of ownership status and price of the land.     

Ramifications of solid waste disposal site relocation in urban areas of developing countries: a case study in Tanzania

Sanitary landfilling is considered to be the most appropriate means of final disposal of solid wastes. Currently in Tanzania, the cheapest method of developing a landfill is by making use of natural depressions or former borrow pits and mine pits. This paper examines the impacts associated with the relocation of a waste disposal site from a crude disposal site at Vingunguti to a new landfill site at New MECCO quarry in Kunduchi area, both in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The paper focuses on the fate of scavenging and solid waste recycling which are currently taking place at Vingunguti site and mining as well as food vending activities at the proposed new landfill site. Scavenging and waste recycling were found to be important sources of income for some individuals in the city. Various items collected for recycling were found to be an important source of raw materials for some industries in Dar es Salaam. A total of 94% of all the miners were entirely dependent on stone mining and crushing as a sole means of income generation, and 68% of the miners had practised this activity for between 1 and 9 years. Finally the paper recommends that, selection of a waste disposal site should favour abandoned mines or borrow pits rather than operational ones. It also recommends that, waste recycling and scavenging be accommodated in other stages of the waste stream since they can not be practised at a sanitary landfill.     

Landfill site selection using spatial information technologies and AHP: A case study in Beijing,China

Site selection is an important and necessary issue for waste management in fast-growing regions. Because of the complexity of waste management systems, the selection of the appropriate solid waste landfill site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation criteria. Based on actual conditions of the study area, we considered economic factors, calculated criteria weights using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and built a hierarchy model for solving the solid waste landfill site-selection problem in Beijing, China. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to manipulate and present spatial data. All maps are graded from 1 (lowest suitability) to 5 (highest suitability) using spatial information technologies. The candidate sites were determined by aggregation based on the criteria weights. The candidate sites are divided by ‘best’, ‘good’ and ‘unsuitable’ landfill areas. Best landfill areas represent optimal sites; good landfill areas can be used as back-up candidate sites. Our work offers a siting methodology and provides essential support for decision-makers in the assessment of waste management problems in Beijing and other rapidly developing cities in developing countries.