垃圾填埋渗滤液的环境污染与处理

讨论了垃圾渗滤液对地下水、土壤及生态系统的污染危害,介绍了生物处理法、物化处理法等各种对垃圾渗滤液处理的工艺原理、处理效果及优缺点。一般,一种工艺很难将垃圾渗滤液处理达标,或者处理成本太贵,采用以生物处理为主,物化方法为预处理或后处理的组合工艺,是目前对垃圾渗滤液处理非常值得推荐的方法。     

味精废水处理技术综述

本文分类介绍了当前我国味精废水处理技术的现状 ,重点介绍了物化处理和生物处理方法对味精废水的处理效果 ,并对味精废水综合处理方案提出了自己的见解     

甲醛工业废水的处理方法及研究进展

甲醛废水是一种难处理的工业废水,因此介绍了利用氧化法、生物降解法、缩合／沉淀法及物理处理法对其处理的方法,并对技术参数进行了说明和比较,对处理技术的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

废弃荧光灯的回收处理方法及对策

废弃荧光灯不加处理或处置不当,会对人类健康产生极大危害.同时其中的有价资源可回收再利用.综述了国内外对废弃荧光灯的回收处理现状,总结了国内外废弃荧光灯的资源回收与处理方法,重点介绍了废弃荧光灯中汞和稀土元素的回收处理研究进展,提出了废弃荧光灯回收处理的相应对策.     

中国城市污水处理厂污泥处理、处置问题探讨分析

明确了有关污泥处理、处置的术语和定义,通过对我国污水处理厂污水处理工艺与污泥处理、处置现状的调查分析,认为污水处理工艺与污泥处理和最终处置方式有关;同时对污水处理厂污泥处理、处置中土地利用问题和处理、处置费用问题进行探讨,并提出了相关建议.     

啤酒工业废水的特点及其处理方法

阐述了啤酒工业废水的特点及其处理技术的现状,分析了各种处理方法的优缺点,重点介绍了一些处理工艺,为研究开发高效、经济的啤酒工业废水处理新技术提供了参考.     

石油化工废水处理技术研究进展

石油化工废水组成复杂、浓度高、毒性强和难降解,对环境危害大.概括介绍了国内外石油化工废水的主要处理方法如物化法、化学法和生化法,并评述了各种处理方法的适用条件和处理效果,总结了各种处理方法的优缺点.最后,提出推行清洁生产,开展废水资源化,并用高效的末端治理方法处理废水,是石油化工行业水污染控制的出路.     

废电子电器回收处理体系研究

分析了废电子电器回收处理体系的问题,提出了一种适合我国国情的废电子电器回收处理体系模式,并对国家对废电子电器回收处理体系的支持问题进行了讨论。     

工业循环冷却水处理技术研究动态

目前工业循环水处理技术主要有药剂处理、磁化处理和臭氧处理,其中药剂处理最为常用。近年来,药剂作用机理研究日趋深化,药剂合成、检验与复配技术也得到较大发展;同时,水处理技术的发展为循环水水质稳定技术注入了新的活力,磁化处理、臭氧处理技术也相继运用到工业循环水处理技术中来,并取得了较好效果。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的人工湿地处理

卫生填埋是垃圾处理的主要方式之一,填埋场产生的渗滤液对地下水和地表水会产生污染,因而需要进行有效的处理。介绍了垃圾渗滤液的人工湿地处理方法,包括人工湿地的组成、污染物去除机理、影响处理效率的因素等;对人工湿地处理渗滤液的工艺和国内外应用实例进行了总结;通过与传统处理方法相比,对其经济性进行了分析。可以看出,垃圾渗滤液的人工湿地处理法有成本低、构建和运行维护费用低、处理效果比较好等优点,在我国的某些地区有一定的适用性。     

围油栏在急流溢油应用中存在的问题与应对措施研究

分析了围油栏在急流溢油应用中存在的四种典型问题:溢油逃溢、溢油泄漏、溢油飞溅、围油栏不稳定性,研究讨论了四种相应的围油栏的应对措施,包括围油栏与水流成一定角度布放、围油栏以一定速度相对水流运动、采用急流分流器系统、实行多级重叠布放围油栏、优选围油栏以及围油栏顶部底部设置绳索,为急流条件下溢油污染的防治提供参考与借鉴。     

Emissions Tradeoffs among Alternative Marine Fuels: Total Fuel Cycle Analysis of Residual Oil,Marine Gas Oil,and Marine Diesel Oil

Abstract

Worldwide concerns about sulfur oxide (SO_x) emissions from ships are motivating the replacement of marine residual oil (RO) with cleaner, lower-sulfur fuels, such as marine gas oil (MGO) and marine diesel oil (MDO). Vessel operators can use MGO and MDO directly or blended with RO to achieve environmental and economic objectives. Although expected to be much cleaner in terms of criteria pollutants, these fuels require additional energy in the upstream stages of the fuel cycle (i.e., fuel processing and refining), and thus raise questions about the net impacts on greenhouse gas emissions (primarily carbon dioxide [CO₂]) because of production and use. This paper applies the Total Energy and Environmental Analysis for Marine Systems (TEAMS) model to conduct a total fuel cycle analysis of RO, MGO, MDO, and associated blends for a typical container ship. MGO and MDO blends achieve significant (70–85%) SO_x emissions reductions compared with RO across a range of fuel quality and refining efficiency assumptions. We estimate CO₂ increases of less than 1% using best estimates of fuel quality and refinery efficiency parameters and demonstrate how these results vary based on parameter assumptions. Our analysis suggests that product refining efficiency influences the CO₂ tradeoff more than differences in the physical and energy parameters of the alternative fuels, suggesting that modest increases in CO₂ could be offset by efficiency improvements at some refineries. Our results help resolve conflicting estimates of greenhouse gas tradeoffs associated with fuel switching and other emissions control policies.     

Lubrication Oil Reservoir Mist Elimination

Visible emissions from lubrication oil reservoir vents on stationary internal combustion engines, compressors and turbines can be virtually eliminated through the use of properly engineered fiber beds. The fiber bed is more successful than other approaches at eliminating visible emissions because of the inherent low pressure drop, minimal or non-existent maintenance requirements, and proven collection efficiency. In fact, with fiber bed technology, visible emissions can be reduced to virtually zero percent opacity. This paper reviews the applicable emission standards, explores the nature of the lubrication oil vent (LOV) oil mist, describes some of the equipment that has previously been used to control LOV emissions, and details the application of fiber beds for this purpose.     

Oil spill cleanup using graphene

In this article, we study the use of thermally reduced graphene (TRG) for oil spill cleanup. TRG was synthesized by thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide and characterized by X-ray diffusion, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, elemental analysis, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement. Various aspects of the sorption process have been studied including the sorption capacity, the recovery of the adsorbed oil, and the recyclability of TRG. Our results shows that TRG has a higher sorption capacity than any other carbon-based sorbents, with sorption capacity as high as 131 g of oil per gram TRG. With recovery of the sorbed oil via filtration and reuse of TRG for up to six cycles, 1 g of TRG collectively removes approximately 300 g of crude oil. Moreover, the effects of TRG bulk density, pore volume, and carbon/oxygen ratio and the oil viscosity on the sorption process are also discussed.     

石油污染的生物修复

简述了石油的组成、生物修复的概念及类型,对石油烃的微生物摄取、降解机制等进行了详细的论述，并且对生物修复在含有污染物处理方面的应用进行了讨论。     

Brazilian Oil Spills Chemical Characterization--Case Studies

In the last decade, PETROBRAS has experienced some significant oil spills cases and the PETROBRAS Research Center has played an important role in the company emergency response program by characterizing the spilled oil, monitoring the affected ecosystem, determining the fate of the oil in the environment, and, subsequently, helping the company in assessing the environmental damage. This paper presents the use of advanced chemical analytical techniques (GC/FID, P&T/GC/PID and GC/MS) in some Brazilian oil spill studies in order to determine fractions and individual petroleum hydrocarbons in different matrices such as water, groundwater, sediment, sand, fish and the spilled oil itself. The spill studies encompassed crude and fuel oil releases on land and coastal ecosystems, related to the incidents in Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro), Barigui and Iguassu Rivers (Parana) and Sao Sebastiao Channel (Sao Paulo). Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), n -alkanes, isoprenoids, unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), volatile monoaromatic compounds--benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), parent and alkylated homologues polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and terpanes and steranes were characterized for determining correlation to the spilled oil and other known oil sources and environmental assessment. Some of the acute ecotoxicity data for water and sediment samples is also presented.     

Oil pollution in Qatari coastal sediments

The present study focuses on the areal distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Qatari coastal-belt sediments. Total petroleum hydrocarbons were quantified by ultra-violet fluorescence spectroscopy (UVF) for eighteen surface-sediment samples collected from six different areas along the Qatari coastline. Petroleum hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the sediments studied, and their concentrations ranged from 48 microg g(-1) dw Kuwaiti-oil equivalents on the eastern side of the peninsula to 248 microg g(-1) dw Kuwaiti-oil equivalents on the western side. Concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in Qatari coastal sediments were very heterogeneous from one area to another and showed a decreasing sequence in the following order: Al-Zubarah (215 microg g(-1) dw) > Dukhan (143 microg g(-1) dw) > Ruwais (108 microg g(-1) dw) > Umm Said (89 microg g(-1) dw) > Fuwairet (81 microg g(-1) dw) > Doha (5 microg g(-1) dw Kuwaiti-crude-oil equivalents). This could indicate that the possible sources of oil on the Qatari coasts are mainly external on the western side and local on the eastern one. No significant correlation was found between organic C (0.6-1.4%) and petroleum-hydrocarbon concentrations.     

城市餐饮废油脂的管理

探索了城市餐饮废油脂的管理措施，提出了全过程管理和市场方法相结合的管理模式，即从环境影响评价阶段起，就对餐饮项目可能产生的废油脂纳入管理轨道。同时，建立多元化的环境投资方式和市场运作机制，使废油脂收集、处理实行企业化运营。环境管理体系和市场方法的有机结合，不但达到控制污染的目的，还可以取得较好的经济效益。     

油气吸附剂及其改性方法

吸附剂的性能对油气吸附分离的效果起着决定性的作用。介绍了活性炭、活性炭纤维、疏水硅胶和疏水沸石等油气吸附剂的吸附性能及改性工艺,提出了吸附剂的改性、复合吸附剂的使用、配套吸附器的开发、新型吸附剂对油气的吸附及解吸工艺将是今后研究的重点。