污泥的农林处置与利用

污水处理厂污泥的处置是当前环境科学中要解决的重要课题。污泥的农林处置与利用 ,要解决以下三个主要问题 :1、污泥中重金属能否造成土壤及作物的二次污染 ;2、污泥中病原体能否对环境造成影响 ;3、氮磷等物质 ,浓度过高能否对地下水造成污染 ,本文针对这三个问题 ,进行国内外研究工作综述。     

氧化沟污泥膨胀和生物泡沫的控制及应用研究

污泥膨胀和生物泡沫现象是众多泥法污水厂常见的运行难题。通过对唐山污水处理厂的氧化沟中膨胀污泥和泡沫中的微生物种类进行了分类鉴定;然后进行小试研究,探索投加次氯酸钠和缩短污泥龄方法控制污泥膨胀和生物泡沫的技术办法;最后将试验研究成果应用到生产实践中。结果表明,投加10mgCl/gMLSS的NaClO和缩短污泥龄到8d均能有效地解决由微丝菌过度增殖造成的污泥膨胀和生物泡沫问题。     

关于危险废物管理的几点探讨

通过对我国危险废物管理法规的学习和分析,结合工作实践,对危险废物的界定;危险废物的豁免和排除;污水处理场污泥三个问题,提出来共同讨论。     

活性污泥丝状膨胀的研究

在活性污泥法污水厂,污泥膨胀是运行中的一个严重问题。上海市的几个污水厂就时常发生污泥丝状膨胀;不少工厂的污水处理厂也常发生活性污泥膨胀问题。西德斯图特加特工业大学曾调查了200多个活性污泥法污水厂,竟有40％都发生相当严重的污泥丝状膨胀问题。因此,各国都对活性污泥膨胀的成因和克服方法进行了研究。西德、荷兰和奥地利三     

选择压法培育好氧颗粒污泥的试验

以普通絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,葡萄糖为碳源,在序批式反应器中培育出好氧颗粒污泥增加COD负荷的同时,减少沉降时间以造成选择压,强化好氧颗粒污泥的形成根据污泥的形态变化,颗粒污泥的形成可分为3个阶段.反应器启动67d出现颗粒污泥COD负荷4.8kg/(m³·d)、表面气体流速0.0175m/s时,反应器中活性污泥完全颗粒化颗粒污泥粒径大多6～9mm,MLSS 7800mg/L,最小沉降速率32.7m/h.好氧颗粒污泥具有在高负荷下良好的COD去除率.对好氧颗粒污泥的基本性质及其形成的影响因素进行了初步分析.     

用循环经济理念解决城市污泥问题的探讨

常规的污泥处置方法难以从根本上解决城市污泥问题。本文在分析污泥处置现状的基础上，运用循环经济的基本原理，探讨了城市污泥问题的循环经济模式，通过源头控制、建立污泥产业链及污泥向自然生态系统的回归，在企业、区域和自然生态系统三个不同层面上分别建立了城市污泥的小循环、中循环和大循环，为一体化解决城市污泥问题提供了新思路。     

从下水污泥中回收重金属的探讨

一、前言过去,在城市公共卫生中疾病的传染曾是个大问题,现在由于排水系统和污水处理的发展,这个问题已基本得到解决,但取而代之的是由于污泥的处理不当,污泥中的重金属再次迁移扩散而造成严重的环境污染。即城市下水道中混有来自工厂的含重金属废水,在污水处理厂进行活性污泥生化处理时,重金属就被浓缩在污泥中,若将该污泥直接投弃或用作农业肥料,污泥中的重金属经过一系列的迁移转化,就会再次进入水源、河流及农作物     

好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器污泥性状研究

采用厌氧-好氧运行方式的颗粒污泥膜生物反应器（GMBR）,连续运行近120　d表现出良好的有机物去除及同步硝化反硝化能力.对GMBR中污泥粒径分布变化研究表明,GMBR中污泥浓度的增加主要是由于粒径0.18～0.45　mm的小颗粒污泥及小于0.18　mm的絮状污泥的增加造成的,粒径大于0.45　mm的颗粒污泥能够基本稳定维持其颗粒形态,反应器运行末期,GMBR中颗粒污泥（粒径大于0.18　mm的污泥）含量稳定在污泥总量的60％～65％以上.污泥表面电荷量随着污泥组成形态的变化电负性逐渐增加,80　d后稳定在-0.42～-0.80　meq·g^-1之间.污泥表面电荷的负电性增加主要是由小于0.45　mm的污泥造成的,其中小于0.18　mm的絮状污泥对其影响最大.并且,污泥粒径越大污泥表面负电荷量越少,两者具有较好的线性关系.另外,GMBR中SVI稳定在60～90 mL/g之间,并且随着污泥表面电荷负电性的增加污泥SVI值增加,两者之间具有一定的相关性.     

生物滤池除臭工艺在污泥发酵工程中的有效实践探讨

在努力减少污泥产生的工作中,生活污泥发酵工程是一项关键的项目,也是取得显著成果的主要举措之一,对生活污泥的处理在改善生态环境方面发挥了关键作用。然而,在污泥发酵过程中,会产生臭气,这可能对环境造成一定程度的不利影响。因此,需要采取措施对污泥发酵工程进行除臭处理。本文重点关注生物滤池除臭工艺在污泥发酵工程中的应用策略,旨在减轻污泥处理过程中产生的臭味问题,以确保环境和居民的健康。     

欧美采用辐射法处理污泥的现状

前言采用活性污泥法处理污水,最多是半个世纪前的事,但是,由于目前世界上人口日益增加和排水处理设施的普及,污泥的排出量也在逐年增加。特别是最近,为达到水质环境标准,三级处理设施增多,予计污泥的排出量将更大辐度增加,无论对于哪个国家,其处理都将会成为一个问题。能否园满解决污泥问题,已成为污水处理事业发展的重要课题。最近,人们为     

规划环境影响评价项目实施有效性的评估

从管理程序、技术方法、内容设置、评价结论及规划实施的保障措施等方面,建立了评估规划环境影响评价实施有效性的指标体系,包括“早期介入、公众参与的有效性、评审制度的严格性、工作程序的合理性、评价方法的实用性、技术手段的先进性、指标体系的全面性和合理性、环境质量评价标准的有效性、累积影响评价、替代方案、评价结论的明确性、规划评价结论的有效采纳、缓解和跟踪措施”等13项指标,并在对9个规划环境影响评价案例实施有效性评估的基础上,分析了当前该领域普遍存在的问题,包括规划环境影响评价介入时机晚、替代方案较少、公众参与普遍流于形式和对累积影响考虑不够等.      

中山市乡镇环境规划的初探

随着沿海地区乡镇经济的迅猛发展，开展乡镇的环境规划具有十分重要的意义。文章重点对中山市乡镇在发展过程中产生的环境污染问题进行分析，强调对乡镇进行环境规划的重要性，并对中山市开展乡镇环境规划的意义、内容和注意事项进行了深入的研究，并建议在开展乡镇环境规划中应避免盲目套用城市环境规划的方法，应根据乡镇发展的特殊情况，研究适合的环境规划方案。     

Achieving sustainable development: a review of the environmental balancing act in two key clean water act regulatory programs

The goal of achieving “sustainable development” has been embraced by a wide range of stakeholders interested in protecting both the environment and the economy in the United States and globally. The Clean Water Act (“CWA” or the “Act”) includes important regulatory provisions that contemplate the application of sustainable development principles. Yet implementing those programs often raises substantial debate about what sustainable development means, what course of action it requires, and the availability and adequacy of tools to measure or predict whether a given level of use or development is sustainable. Failure to confront those questions can lead to imprudent or wasteful decisions. This paper first will briefly describe the ongoing evolution of sustainable development concepts in the United States, with particular focus on the recommendations of the President’s Council on Sustainable Development. Then, it will examine the applicability of those concepts to two important Clean Water Act regulatory programs — the 4316(b) regulatory program for cooling water intake structures and the state water quality standards program — both of which are now under evaluation.     

Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China: A review and outlook

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China, and for regulatory and control purposes. This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years. China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort. The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved, and a technical & production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated. It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.     

National pathways to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A comparative review of scenario modelling tools

The recently-adopted global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will have significant implications for national development planning in both developed and developing countries in the post-2015 period to 2030. Integrated, nationally-owned SDG strategies will be at the centre of national efforts to implement the new sustainable development agenda. The long-run processes and systems perspective that are inherent in the SDGs present complex analytical problems for policymakers and analysts. Scenario analysis and quantitative modelling will be important analytical tools to support national sustainable development planning, and there is an increasingly sophisticated suite of models available to decision makers. This paper reviews and assesses a broad range of different quantitative models that have the potential to support national development planning for the SDGs. The study develops a typology and inventory of 80 different models, and then reviews the comparative strengths, weaknesses and general utility of different models through an initial screening and subsequent multi-criteria analysis of short-listed models. Current gaps in model capabilities are highlighted in the context of providing analytical support for national development planning for the SDGs. While some existing models are particularly relevant, it is unlikely that an ideal model can analyse all SDG targets and variables of interest within a single modelling framework. Top-down ‘macro framework’ models are likely to be more useful for undertaking system-level or economy-wide scenario analysis driven by the national long-term goals and targets, and for exploring trade-offs and synergies among sectors. Bottom-up sectoral models will be able to support far more detailed option-level impact analysis of concrete interventions, technologies and investments. Combining both approaches within an analytical framework will provide a robust approach for analysis and decision-making. The results highlight a range of potential gaps in current modelling capabilities, and provide some new tools to assist with model selection.     

村域社会资本与环境影响的关系——基于甘肃省村域调查数据

社会资本作为改善生态环境的先决条件,已引起了全社会的广泛关注,当前急需辨明社会资本与环境影响之间的关系,并依次寻求解决生态环境问题的对策措施。研究基于甘肃省20个村域的调查数据,以网络、信任、规范为指标测度社会资本,以生态足迹为指标测度环境影响,利用计量经济模型分析了村域层面社会资本与环境影响的关系。结果表明:①社会资本差异有助于解释村域之间的环境影响差异;②社会资本的普遍信任维度、制度信任维度与环境影响呈显著正相关,规范维度与环境影响呈显著负相关,网络维度虽与环境影响呈负相关,但统计上不显著;③劳动力受教育程度、非农就业水平与环境影响呈显著负相关,人口规模虽与环境影响呈正相关,但在多数模型中不显著。最后,指出了社会资本对环境影响作用研究中需进一步关注的问题。     

关于废水中氮和磷的去除研究

废水中存在的氮和磷一旦排入天然水体,就会造成藻类繁殖和水体的富营养化,因此将氮和磷从废水中有效去除是非常必需的.本文从污水处理厂提高脱氮除磷的工艺出发进行研究,对进一步强化仅通过生物作用去除氮、磷的二级污水处理厂的处理工艺,将深度处理单元加入到污水处理厂中,减少出水指标和对地表水的影响很有意义.     

Concept of common interests of mankind in the global environmental protection

The concept of common interests of mankind in the environmental protec-tion spurred -by the internationalized and globalized environmental problems are discussed in this paper. While making challenges for many principles and rules of international law and the traditional conception of national security, the concept does play its role in strengthening the environmental protection. However, it cannot be neglected that diflerent national interests pose an obstacle to the realization of the common interests of mankind in the envirormental protection. The article concludes that whether the concept plays its greater role in the environmental protection will depend on many factors, such as the spread of environmental awareness, the revision of the traditional conception and the balanced development of the world economy.     

可持续发展指标：发展中国家的决策过程和适用性整合

实现可持续发展已经成为了重要的全球性目标,这反映了公众以及决策者对环境问题日益增长的关注。虽然可持续发展指标为决策提供了坚实的基础,但许多国家特别是发展中国家并没有向可持续发展迈进。本文考查了在发展中国家测量可持续发展指标面临的挑战,这些指标在决策中的有效性和指标对决策过程的影响。特别地,本文将评估这些指标是否被整合到了决策进程中而且是否促进了可持续发展。环境数据的约束,缺乏相关机构的协调,发展中国家资源的缺乏都阻碍了可持续发展指标的测量。水、卫生条件的案例表明在政策和决策过程中整合可持续发展指标的无效性。既要有可持续发展的核心指标集以整合决策者关注环境问题,也要辅助以反映地方关注和文化多样性的地方性指标,这是至关重要的。报告应该包括对环境因素和健康产出相关的分析,也应该相应地转化为对经济的影响。     

水体富营养化问题中外政策措施透析

富营养化问题正在污染地球上宝贵的饮用水资源。因此,防治和解决富营养化问题是全球的一项紧急任务。早在上个世纪,很多欧洲国家在富营养化的控制方面已经做了很多研究,尤其是对欧盟的立法与国家政策方面的研究。目前,很多欧洲国家都建立了相对完善的综合政策。中国太湖也面临着严重的水体富营养化问题。文章选取荷兰和英国作为案例分析,通过与太湖水体富营养化防治中存在的问题的对比和分析,提出一些可行性建议,对太湖水域的该问题的缓解起到一定的借鉴作用。