作业场所职业危害防护工作监管模式的设计研究

准确了解某地区作业场所职业危害防护现状,制定科学可行的监管模式,对实际职业危害防护工作意义重大。本文分析了靖江地区作业场所职业危害防护状况尤其是重点行业企业在选址、布局,工艺流程与车间设计、工程防护技术、管理等情况,同时依据工业企业设计卫生标准、建设项目职业病危害评价规范,结合国内外职业病流行病学状况与科学的管理理念,提出职业卫生监管模式,指导职业卫生监管工作实践,本文对其他地区开展作业场所职业卫生工作有参考价值。     

作业场所职业危害监管信息系统（企业版）设计与开发

根据我国职业危害的现状以及职业危害监管部门和企业的实际需求,分析了职业危害监管信息系统的体系结构。在对企业作业场所职业危害管理需求调研和分析的基础上,设计开发了职业危害监管信息系统（企业版）,包括基本信息管理、职业卫生管理、事故与应急管理、报表管理、辅助决策、专家咨询、系统管理和帮助等功能模块。系统规范了企业职业危害管理的形式和内容,为企业的职业危害管理和辅助决策提供了技术支撑。系统建立了连接企业和各级职业危害监管部门的网络体系,为改善企业职业危害管理的水平和效率提供了手段和环境。     

作业场所职业危害信息化管理系统平台研究

建立作业场所职业危害信息化管理系统平台,可有效解决目前我国职业危害监管监控等方面存在的主要问题,缓解我国严峻的职业危害形势。本文对作业场所职业危害信息化管理系统平台的系统结构进行了设计,并对作业场所职业危害信息化管理系统中的职业危害监控信息系统和职业危害移动执法终端系统两个关键子系统进行了详细设计和阐述。明确了我国作业场所职业危害信息化管理系统平台建设的总体框架和关键子系统的功能需求,讨论并分析了目前职业危害信息化管理系统平台建设的主要任务。     

建立信息系统提高职业危害监管效率

目前我国职业危害监管方式相对简单,应用现代信息技术能够有效提高职业卫生监管工作效率。因此,有必要建立一个具有代表性、科学、可行且覆盖全国各地的作业场所职业危害监测信息系统。     

依法行政，加强煤矿职业卫生监察工作

在8月3日召开的全国煤矿职业卫生工作座谈会上,国家煤监局事故处理司司长商登莹指出,要建立健全煤矿职业卫生监察组织机构,加大对煤矿作业场所的职业卫生监察执法力度。商登莹说,随着我国经济的发展,安全监察的重点要逐渐从控制伤亡事故为主转变到控制职工安全卫生为主。要建立健全专职煤矿职业卫生监察队伍,建立科学的检查程序;依法开展煤矿职业卫生监察工作,查处职业危害引发的事故,督促企业做好职业卫生工作;同时还要依托中介机构、事业单位建立煤矿职业卫生监察职称体系。企业要把职业卫生纳入对职工的岗前教育中,要规范作业场所职业病防护用品的发放和使用,制定职业危害防治计划,对作业场所职业危害因素进行评价和监测,这也是煤     

作业场所职业病危害监督管理工作探讨

职业病危害形势严峻,加强职业卫生监管工作的领导,应尽快完成职业卫生监管职能划转,安全生产监督管理局要积极主动和卫生部门协商解决职业卫生管理人才合理调配的问题。某市政府高度重视职业卫生监管工作,对全市存在职业病危害用人单位的情况进行摸底调查,确定分级监管对象范围,落实责任,构建并逐步完善职业卫生监管体系。通过分析全市作业场所职业病危害申报汇总情况,针对发现的问题如对职业病工作不重视、监测体系没有建立、宣传培训不够、监管力量不足、职业卫生技术服务机构短缺等提出改进措施。     

基于BP神经网络的作业场所风险预警模型研究

在全面分析作业场所职业危害风险影响因素的基础上,从人、物、环境、管理、安全技术、法制监管和社会经济利益等方面进行分析,建立了作业场所风险预警指标体系,建立了作业场所风险预警的BP神经网络模型.应用该模型分析多个企业作业场所职业危害的样本,对作业场所风险预警进行实证研究.结果表明,该模型精度较高,具有实用性和可行性,可用于作业场所职业危害风险预警.     

作业场所职业危害监管信息系统企业级数据库数据结构设计

作业场所职业危害监管信息系统主要是通过对企业级数据库中的基础数据进行统计、汇总和分析,为政府提供监管依据.本文依据数据结构规范化理论,对作业场所职业危害监管信息系统企业级数据库中重点和难点部分的数据结构进行合理设计,阐述了职业危害监管信息系统企业级数据库数据结构合理设计的方法、步骤及其原因,得到了职业危害监管信息系统企业级数据库中重点和难点部分合理的数据结构,并以此为例阐述了数据结构合理设计的方法和步骤.     

关于做好煤矿作业场所职业卫生监察工作的指导意见

为了更好地贯彻实施《安全生产法》、《职业病防治法》、《煤矿安全监察条例》等法律法规，进一步促进煤矿作业场所职业卫生监察工作的全面开展，预防与控制煤矿作业场所职业危害，切实保障煤矿职工的人身安伞和健康，针对全国煤矿职业卫生监察工作发展不均衡、执法监察缺乏必要的技术支撑等问题，现就煤矿作业场所职业卫生监察工作提出以下指导意见。     

存在化学有害因素的小型企业职业危害定性评价研究

小型企业数量多、雇工人数总量大,分散在全国各地,行业分布广,由于其用于控制职业危害的资源和技术都非常有限,这对企业自身的职业危害控制和政府的职业卫生管理来说都是一大难题.本文在参考国外职业危害分级管理方法的基础上,为存在化学危害因素的小型企业建立了一个简便、实用的职业危害定性评价模型.该模型综合考虑了化学有害物质的危害性和接触可能性,并结合具体的实例进行分析,验证了其适用性和可靠性.该方法也适用于管理不够规范、缺乏监测资料和数据的作业场所职业危害评价.     

Anthropometry for Design for the Elderly

This paper presents anthropometric data on elderly people in Australia. Data were collected in the metropolitan city of Sydney, NSW, Australia. In all 171 elderly people (males and females, aged 65 years and above) took part in the study. Mean values, standard deviations, medians, range, and coefficients of variation for the various body dimensions were estimated. Correlation coefficients were also calculated to determine the relationship between different body dimensions for the elderly population. The mean stature of elderly Australian males and females were compared with populations from other countries. The paper discusses design implications for elderly people and provides several examples of application of the anthropometric data.     

FA型高炉煤气管道火焰捕器研制

研制满足高炉煤气管道阻火的火焰捕器.内径88 mm、199 mm和305 mm组合爆炸管道模拟实验结果表明,FA型火焰捕器的阻火性能良好,满足高炉煤气管道阻火的技术要求,各项技术性能指标达到了设计要求.     

Methodology for selecting hole sizes for consequence studies

Predicting release rates is the first step, and a crucial step, in consequence analysis. When the release is from an isolated volume of vessel and/or piping, the release rate decreases with time. There is often debate about what equivalent hole sizes should be used for a consequence study, and usually a range of hole sizes (3–4 values) is examined.This paper shows the effect of hole size on the ultimate impact of hydrocarbon releases for several scenarios and the methodology to select them. The impact depends on the intensity and exposure time. The intensity for a fire is the thermal radiation level, and that for an unignited release is the gas concentration. As the release rate decreases with time, so does the intensity. Probit functions describe the probability of a given impact based on the time-varying intensity. For a number of example scenarios, the predictions show that the worst-case hole size is an intermediate hole size, i.e., the impact goes through a maximum with increasing hole size. For smaller holes, the event is small enough that its impact is low even though the duration is long. For larger holes, the initial event is large but decreases so rapidly that the impact is low. For the intermediate hole, the event is large enough, and the duration long enough, to cause the greatest impact.This consequence study was made evaluating hole sizes with diameters between 5 and 400 mm in a fixed volume upstream process vessel. Worst case scenario consequence predictions for fire damages, effects on people and toxic releases were determined to be somewhat different for different hole sizes. However, hole sizes in the 30 mm–90 mm range seems to have the highest impact in dry gas service.     

A framework for measuring safety level for production environments

The paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying a new approach termed hybrid structural interaction matrix (HSIM) to the prioritisation of safety parameters in an organization. The methodology proposed is a prioritizing concept that integrates the structural interaction matrix (SIM), the hierarchical tree structured diagram (HTSD), and the goal programming (GP) concept from the decision science field. The paper presents an easy-to-apply methodology that reduces subjectivity commonly found in existing prioritizing methodologies. To this end, the safety of the manufacturing organization is analyzed and the important areas conceptualized such that the safety manager could have a more precise measurement and understanding of the safety system. With this, the safety manager would obviously reduce errors in measurement due to bias in human assessment of safety performance that may be characterized of existing safety prioritizing paradigm. The originality in the work lies in the development of a new star in the applied form to safety management.     

线板式电除尘器中离子风的数值模拟

为了探索线板式电除尘器在高压放电过程中离子风的流动特性,使用Fluent软件对电除尘器进行三维数值模拟研究.通过用户自定义函数(UDF)编写实现了电场、流场以及颗粒场的耦合,讨论了在不同电场风速、运行电压和板间距下,离子风对流场特性的影响.结果 表明:在离子风的影响下,电晕极附近会形成对称的涡旋,电场风速较低时涡旋更明显;随电场风速增加离子风对主流气流的影响减弱,当电场风速大于0.8 m/s时,离子风的影响较弱;离子风对主流气流的影响也会随运行电压升高而增大,随板间距增大而减小.     

A criterion for developing credible accident scenarios for risk assessment

Maximum credible accident analysis is one of the most widely used concepts in risk assessment of chemical process industries. Central to this concept is the aspect of ‘credibility’ of envisaged accident scenarios. However, thus far the term credibility is mostly treated qualitatively, based on the subjective judgement of the concerned analysts. This causes wide variation in the results of the studies conducted on the same industrial unit by different analysts.

This paper presents an attempt to develop a criterion using which credible accident scenarios may be identified from among a large number of possibilities. The credible scenarios thus identified may then be processed for detailed consequence analysis. This would help in reducing the cost of the analysis and prevent undue emphasis on less credible scenarios at the expense of more credible ones.     

企业劳动防护用品的选用标准

劳动防护用品是用以预防工作场所的不安全因素或职业有害因素,避免工伤事故或职业病的用具。企业如何选用劳动防护用品,对于保护从业人员的生命安全与健康非常重要。一、使用劳动防护用品的法律要求《安全生产法》规定“:生产经营单位必须为从业人员提供符合国家标准或行业标准的劳动防护用品。”《职业病防治法》规定“:用人单位必须采用有效的职业病预防措施,并为劳动者提供个人使用的职业病防护用品”,并且“提供的职业病防护用品必须符合防治职业病的要求,不符合要求的不得使用。”以上两法中都使用了“必须”词语,第一层含意是强调劳动…     

Announcing the CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain

This guideline provides recommendations for primary care providers who are prescribing opioids for chronic pain outside of active cancer treatment, palliative care, and end-of-life care. The guideline addresses: (a) when to initiate or continue opioids for chronic pain; (b) opioid selection, dosage, duration, follow-up, and discontinuation; and (c) assessing risk and addressing harms of opioid use. This guideline is intended to improve communication between providers and patients about the risks and benefits of opioid therapy for chronic pain, improve the safety and effectiveness of pain treatment, and reduce the risks associated with long-term opioid therapy, including abuse, dependence, overdose, and death (Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain — United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep 2016;65:1–49. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr6501e1.)     

重大事故的应急救援预案编制技术

重大应急预案编制是安全生产的一项重要基础工作 ,对于提高应急救援能力 ,控制事故与灾害的恶化 ,保障人民安全具有重大意义。笔者从应急预案编制的技术层面上 ,论述了应急预案的基本框架和应急预案体系 ;认为该体系可以由 6个一级和 2 0个二级的核心要素构成。其中 ,应急策划是制定应急预案的技术基础 ,包括风险评价、资源分析和法律法规要求 3个二级要素 ;应急准备包括机构与职责、应急设备设施与物质、应急人员培训、预案演练、公众教育和互助协议 6个二级要素 ;应急响应是应急预案中核心的内容 ,包括现场指挥与控制等 1 1个二级要素。所提出的应急救援预案文件体系 ,建议一般按照四级文件形式的设想 ,应急预案的目标是提高整体应急能力 ;建议把应急预案的具体编制过程划分为 6个基本的步骤 ,对于预案编制与实施应实现持续改进的机制