基于微震监测技术在矿山安全管理中的应用研究

在井下巷道工程设计多个微震监测系统传感器站网空间布置方案,地震信号由传感器采集并进行前置放大,传至井下数据交换中心,经A/D转化后的数字信号再经由光缆传至地表监测控制中心相连的计算机,利用监测数据对矿山地震活动及岩爆与地压活动进行分析研究、实时的监测和预报.应用该微震监测技术对冬瓜山铜矿的事件定位精度和系统灵敏度的分析,对人工震源定位及定位精度进行的验证实验以及对冬瓜山矿区井下各种振动波形进行的识别和分析,取得了很好的效果.微震监测系统的建立对于推动我国矿山地压灾害监测和安全管理水平具有重要参考意义.     

1种基于云服务平台的滑坡管道状态远程实时监测系统

为解决管道状态的远程实时监测问题,基于现场地质灾害调查结果,根据某受到不稳定边坡影响的管道所处滑坡区域的特点,设计1种基于云服务平台的管道状态远程实时监测系统。系统由前端数据测量模块、中端数据采集和传输模块以及终端监测平台模块组成。采用振弦式应变计进行管道应变测量;应用数据采集仪、移动数据发射器及电源进行数据采集及传输;利用自主开发的基于云服务平台专用软件进行管道状态的数据分析及远程实时监测。结果表明:系统具有稳定地实时数据获取、高效地数据远程传输和操作便捷、功能丰富的终端监测能力,可较好地评估管道的运行状况,提高滑坡灾害预警能力,保证管道的安全运行。     

污染源在线监测系统的设计与开发

通过设计开发一套实现对污染源实时监控、监测数据远程传输和基于地理信息系统数据分析与管理的在线监测系统,给我国污染源在线监测的研究与建设提供一定参考。     

我国冶金矿山井下地压活动监测技术概况

1979年召开的金属学会第一次矿山岩体力学学术会议,在科研及生产部门提出的地压活动监测方面的论文和报告中,反映了我国冶金矿山对井下大面积地压活动监测的一些研究现况。 1.地质力学的分析方法已为广大科技人员所掌握用地质力学的方法来分析矿区地质构造的类型及历史,定性分析地应力场的方向与大小,是研究地压活动的基础。结合矿区的开采情况和地压观测结果,可以从地质力学角度划定矿区地压活动的危险区或突破     

面向井下安全监测的多传感器数据融合ZigBee系统设计

针对当前井下众多的传感器类型,给矿井安全监测带来较大管理难度的问题,设计了面向井下安全监测的多传感器数据融合ZigBee系统,阐述了系统组成和系统实现。通过自定义的负载通信协议,将不同类型的传感器数据融合写入ZigBee协议的MAC负载字段,采集节点根据标准ZigBee协议将数据传输至汇聚节点,汇聚节点汇总后传输至嵌入式网关,并可以由嵌入式网关转发至安全监控中心,最终实现井下多类型传感器数据的实时显示。实际运行结果表明,系统可以兼容多个传感器数据进行ZigBee无线传输。     

北京铁路局降雨量远程实时监测系统的研究与开发——系统软件及性能指标

为北京铁路局各级防洪指挥部门 ,在汛期能够实时掌握所辖铁路范围内的降雨量情况 ,实现主动防洪 ,并做好铁路抗洪抢险准备工作 ,确保汛期铁路行车安全 ,笔者研究和开发了北京铁路局“降雨量远程实时监测系统”。概要介绍了系统软件的运行环境、数据库设计、系统功能以及系统达到的技术性能指标 ;重点分析了系统软件中数据的传输 ,以地理信息系统为平台的实时动态显示以及实时数据在Internet网上的发布技术 ;同时给出了系统在北京铁路局的应用案例     

老虎台矿55002#掘进面通过F7-1断层前后微震事件的时空特征分析

冲击地压作为一种特殊的矿压显现形式,对抚顺矿业集团老虎台矿深部开采的安全生产造成了严重的影响,在该矿的实际生产中,地质条件是引发冲击地压发生的重要因素。鉴于微震监测系统是目前在煤矿井下监测冲击地压应用较为广泛的手段之一,本文利用波兰ARAM IS/MA微震监测系统对老虎台矿55002掘进工作面通过F7-1断层前后的微震特征信号进行连续观测,分别从时间和空间上研究此掘进面通过断层前后的微震特征,验证了一种典型的冲击地压发生时间前后的微震活动规律,并结合实际地质条件从位置上分析了微震事件与断层等地质构造之间的关系,进而根据空间分析结果圈定了重点防治冲击地压区域,使老虎台矿在该工作面掘进生产中提前采取相应的防范措施,顺利通过断层等地质构造异常区域,确保了安全生产。     

山区公路堑坡滑坡灾害实时监控研究

我国山区公路堑坡数量众多,其稳定性监控预报研究,对滑坡地质灾害防控具有重要意义。在详细介绍滑坡灾害远程监测系统设计的基础上,依托湖南宁道高速公路堑坡滑坡,建立了以深部位移、渗透压力、裂缝开合度和降雨量为监测单元的单体滑坡监测硬件系统。通过CDMA无线通讯技术,将监测数据实时传输到自主开发的基于SQLite数据库的室内接收分析软件,数据经分析处理后实时发布到互联网。该系统自运行以来,运行稳定,效果甚佳,为山区公路行车安全提供了保障。     

现代电子监控技术在安全生产领域的应用

现代电子监控技术在安全生产领域的应用越来越广泛,在安全生产各个环节发挥了重要作用.如手机屏蔽仪在加油站等易燃易爆场所进行信号监控,防止在加油站等易燃易爆场所使用手机引发爆炸事故;应用煤矿安全事故预警系统,实时对井下巷道的各个传感器进行瓦斯浓度和透水情况监测、记录和数据分析;建立远程安全生产监控系统,形成安全生产监测体系.利用现代化的电子通信技术、网络技术、传感技术和自动监控技术,可以大大增强对事故的防范能力,防止事故发生和减少事故的损失.     

基于WiFi的煤矿井下应急救援无线通信系统的研究

随着现代化煤矿的要求及无线通信技术的发展,地面无线通信技术开始应用于煤矿井下通信。本文从煤矿井下灾害环境的特殊性及救援工作的安全性、紧迫性出发,通过分析W iF i短距离无线通信技术,提出了基于W iF i技术建立一种新的煤矿井下应急救援无线通信系统,重点介绍了其原理、硬件设计和软件仿真。该系统在灾后煤矿井下电力供应完全切断的情况下,仍能迅速建立应急救援无线通信链路。该系统基于S3C2410X ARM9硬件平台,硬件设计主要包括采集终端设备和链路路由设备两部分,可实现井下事故现场的环境参数监测、数据实时传输、语音通信等功能。通过NS2离线事件仿真器对系统仿真结果可以看,出该系统的时延小、抖动率低,传输速率随着时间的增加呈现稳定增长趋势,理论上基本满足井下应急救援通信需要,且性能比较稳定。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。