中小河流综合整治研究——以东江支流小金河为例

根据小金河流域水质监测结果,分析小金河水质现状特点、污染源现状特点,井进行水质评价与污染原因分析;预测小金河水质发展趋势;提出保护中小河流水质综合整治措施,即实施流域可持续发展战略。     

救救江南水乡的中小河流

目前，江南水乡的中小河流（全国亦如此）已因人为破坏处于灭绝之境。虽然我国的水利采取“分级管理”的原则，然而实际上，近20年以来。乡村毛细管河流的疏浚工作，不但处于无人过问的状态．而且已被作为倾倒各种废物的天然垃圾箱，致使这些河流从量变到质变，从清澈到黑臭，最后被消灭为止。这种状况如再不引起各级领导和有关部门的高度重视，后果将不堪设想。一、成因眼下，中小河流、毛细管河道受到至少10种人为因素的侵蚀和破坏：l、固体废弃物入河。人们将生活垃圾、部分工业废渣、白色塑料等固体废物随意倾倒到河中，日积月累造成了…     

中小河流水质模型应用研究

针对中小河流水文，水力特性，依据一维对流扩散方程，推导出适用于小河流的动态水质模型和稳态水质模型，分别应用于新疆乌鲁木齐地区水磨沟水质模拟计算，最后对两种状态的水质模型进行分析讨论。     

河长制背景下我国河流治理价值取向研究

河流治理问题不仅关乎国家经济问题,而且涉及人民根本利益,所以在面对严峻的河流问题,探寻其症结所在,探索河流治理价值取向则显得尤为重要。河长制作为新时代治理河流的治河政策,对于缓解我国河流治理困境以及对河流治理价值取向转向研究有着极其重要的作用。基于河长制的实施背景,从维护河流生态价值的角度出发,通过总结梳理河流治理体制现状,强调研究河流治理价值取向的重要性,通过对河流治理价值取向及其实现路径的理论的研究,辨析河流治理的价值取向,并从意识层面出发、从保障与监督机制以及立法协调角度对河流治理价值取向实现路径进行深入探索,得出其对维护河流生态功能、维持河流生态价值等具有重要意义,为河流管理发展规划提供参考。     

中国城市化进程中的生态河流治理研究

随着城市化进程的加快,城市河流的功能被逐渐弱化,河道被填埋,城市特色丧失.针对城市河流的现状,分析了造成城市河流被弱化的原因,提出了建设生态河流来实现河流的可持续发展.     

新疆河流水质调查及评价

采用2001年水质监测结果，用单项指标法对新疆河流水质进行评价，对新疆河流水质污染状况依据污染物标准做出分析判断。探讨污染途径及污染原因，寻找地下水水质恶化的根源，加强河流点源与非点源污染治理，为改善新疆河流水质提供依据。     

城市河流治理技术研究进展

城市河流水体具有生态系统复杂、污染类型齐全、污染源数量多、危害极为严重的特点。本文结合国内外最新研究成果和积累的宝贵经验，介绍了河道曝气技术、生态混凝土技术、阿科蔓复合生态技术、接触氧化技术、生态疏浚、化学强化一级处理、光催化技术等比较先进技术的研究进展，并对今后保护城市河流提出了建议。     

论多自然型河流治理法对河流生态环境的影响

本文首先介绍了成都府河望江公园段多自然型护岸工程的由来,然后通过简述国外多自然型河川治理常用方法论述了对河流生态环境的改善作用,最后在对府河多自然型护岸设计介绍的基础上提出了试验工程的深远意义及其对今后工作的启迪     

A Method and Rationale for Deriving Nutrient Criteria for Small Rivers and Streams in Ohio

A mechanistic understanding of the effects of nutrient enrichment in lotic systems has been advanced over the last two decades such that identification of management thresholds for the prevention of eutrophication is now possible. This study describes relationships among primary nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), benthic chlorophyll a concentrations, daily dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, and the condition of macroinvertebrate and fish communities in small rivers and streams in Ohio, USA. Clear associations between nutrients, secondary response indicators (i.e., benthic chlorophyll and DO), and biological condition were found, and change points between the various indicators were identified for use in water quality criteria for nutrients in small rivers and streams (<1300 km²). A change point in benthic chlorophyll a density was detected at an inorganic nitrogen concentration of 0.435 mg/l (±0.599 SD), and a total phosphorus (TP) concentration of 0.038 mg/l (±0.085 SD). Daily variation in DO concentration was significantly related to benthic chlorophyll concentration and canopy cover, and a change point in 24-h DO concentration range was detected at a benthic chlorophyll level of 182 mg/m². The condition of macroinvertebrate communities was related to benthic chlorophyll concentration and both minimum and 24-h range of DO concentration. The condition of fish communities was best explained by habitat quality. The thresholds found in relationships between the stressor and the response variables, when interpreted in light of the uncertainty surrounding individual change points, may now serve as a framework for nutrient criteria in water quality standards.     

Measuring Suspended‐Sediment Concentration and Turbidity in the Middle Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers Using Landsat Data

The Middle Mississippi River (MMR) and lower Missouri River (MOR) provide critical navigation waterways, ecological habitat, and flood conveyance. They are also directly linked to processes affecting geomorphic and ecological conditions in the lower MR and Delta. For this study, a method was developed to measure suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC) and turbidity along the MMR and the lower MOR using Landsat imagery. Data from nine United States Geological Survey water‐quality monitoring stations were used to create a model‐development dataset and a model‐validation dataset. Concurrent gaging data were identified for available Landsat images to generate the datasets. Surface‐reflectance filters were developed to eliminate images with cirrus cloud coverage or vessel traffic. Using the filtered model‐development dataset, unique reflectance‐SSC and reflectance‐turbidity models were developed for three Landsat sensors: Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, and Landsat 4–5 Thematic Mapper. Coefficient of determination values for the models ranged from 0.72 to 0.88 for the model‐development dataset. The model‐validation dataset was used to evaluate the performance of the models and had coefficient of determination values ranging from 0.62 to 0.79.     

中、小型制革企业生产废水处理设计及运行结果

介绍了根据制革工业废水污染物浓度高，水质水量多变的特点。从企业的实际出发，采用微电解——二级斜管沉淀工艺路线处理制革生产废水。工程运行表明：4r进水CODCr、BOD5、SS平均浓度分别为1973mg／L、787mg／L、1049mg／L的情况下，排水中CODCr、BOD5和SS平均浓度分别为206mg／L、89mg／L和102mg／L，处理后的水质达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）中的二级标准。该工程具有投资少，运行费用低，处理效果好，启动速度快的特点，并受气温影响小。因此，特别适合北方寒冷地区的中、小型制革企业的废水治理。     

Environmental Impact Assessment of Sand Mining from the Small Catchment Rivers in the Southwestern Coast of India: A Case Study

In the past few decades, the demand for construction grade sand is increasing in many parts of the world due to rapid economic development and subsequent growth of building activities. This, in many of the occasions, has resulted in indiscriminate mining of sand from instream and floodplain areas leading to severe damages to the river basin environment. The case is rather alarming in the small catchment rivers like those draining the southwestern coast of India due to limited sand resources in their alluvial reaches. Moreover, lack of adequate information on the environmental impact of river sand mining is a major lacuna challenging regulatory efforts in many developing countries. Therefore, a scientific assessment is a pre-requisite in formulating management strategies in the sand mining-hit areas. In this context, a study has been made as a case to address the environmental impact of sand mining from the instream and floodplain areas of three important rivers in the southwestern coast of India namely the Chalakudy, Periyar and Muvattupuzha rivers, whose lowlands host one of the fast developing urban-cum-industrial centre, the Kochi city. The study reveals that an amount of 11.527 million ty⁻¹ of sand (8.764 million ty⁻¹ of instream sand and 2.763 million ty⁻¹ of floodplain sand) is being mined from the midland and lowland reaches of these rivers for construction of buildings and other infrastructural facilities in Kochi city and its satellite townships. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) carried out as a part of this investigation shows that the activities associated with mining and processing of sands have not only affected the health of the river ecosystems but also degraded its overbank areas to a large extent. Considering the degree of degradation caused by sand mining from these rivers, no mining scenario may be opted in the deeper zones of the river channels. Also, a set of suggestions are made for the overall improvement of the rivers and its biophysical environment.     

河流生态连续统一体的概念与应用

通常认为生物群落是连续统一的,该连续统一体是由各种不同数量的生物有机体构成,河流生物群落也不例外,是个连续统一的生态系统。早在1911年,谢尔弗德（Shelford）就认为：河流中存在的种群集合是一定物理梯度变化的反应。后来,齐默（Ziemer）、斯温顿（Swansston）和范罗特（Vannote）等将该定义进一步延伸、完善,提出了“河流生态连续统一体概念”,它描述了沿一条河系生物群落结构和功能的一般变化特征。     

Habitat Assessment of Non-Wadeable Rivers in Michigan

Habitat evaluation of wadeable streams based on accepted protocols provides a rapid and widely used adjunct to biological assessment. However, little effort has been devoted to habitat evaluation in non-wadeable rivers, where it is likely that protocols will differ and field logistics will be more challenging. We developed and tested a non-wadeable habitat index (NWHI) for rivers of Michigan, where non-wadeable rivers were defined as those of order ≥5, drainage area ≥1600 km², mainstem lengths ≥100 km, and mean annual discharge ≥15 m³/s. This identified 22 candidate rivers that ranged in length from 103 to 825 km and in drainage area from 1620 to 16,860 km². We measured 171 individual habitat variables over 2-km reaches at 35 locations on 14 rivers during 2000–2002, where mean wetted width was found to range from 32 to 185 m and mean thalweg depth from 0.8 to 8.3 m. We used correlation and principal components analysis to reduce the number of variables, and examined the spatial pattern of retained variables to exclude any that appeared to reflect spatial location rather than reach condition, resulting in 12 variables to be considered in the habitat index. The proposed NWHI included seven variables: riparian width, large woody debris, aquatic vegetation, bottom deposition, bank stability, thalweg substrate, and off-channel habitat. These variables were included because of their statistical association with independently derived measures of human disturbance in the riparian zone and the catchment, and because they are considered important in other habitat protocols or to the ecology of large rivers. Five variables were excluded because they were primarily related to river size rather than anthropogenic disturbance. This index correlated strongly with indices of disturbance based on the riparian (adjusted R² = 0.62) and the catchment (adjusted R² = 0.50), and distinguished the 35 river reaches into the categories of poor (2), fair (19), good (13), and excellent (1). Habitat variables retained in the NWHI differ from several used in wadeable streams, and place greater emphasis on known characteristic features of larger rivers.     

市场化推进农村河流环境整治探究

农村河流环境污染的经济本质是由于环境“公共物品”属性导致其使用的外部环境不经济,本文把环境问题与经济研究接轨,设计了四种市场化利用模式,把河流厦相关公共物品“特定产权”明晰化,环保责任由政府承包转移到企业或个人,使责任明确化,从而有效对农村河流环境进行长效管理。最后以扬州市汉留镇河道清淤、保洁的市场化做实证分析。     

内江市中小型河流和水库的水质安全评价

本文采用层次分析法对内江市中小型河流和水库水质安全进行了评价。结果表明,内江市水质安全总体状况在中等级别,水质安全存在一定风险。处于水质安全级别Ⅱ级以下的河流主要来自威远县和隆昌县的次级河流。采用包括水质评价、营养状态评价、健康风险评价、水质污染风险评价在内的水质安全综合评价,具有直观和定量定性的特点,能够判断水质安全度。     

国际河流的水事矛盾与水权讨论

分析了国际河流的水事矛盾，讨论了水权、水权与主权的关系、水权的作用与意义，提出应用水权理论解决国际河流水事矛盾的建议。