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1.
为研究驾驶人在隐性危险场景中危险感知行为,基于Bayes判别法,将驾驶行为指标作为输入变量,建立驾驶人危险感知能力预测模型.结果表明:驾驶员在显性危险场景的纵向加速度显著低于隐性危险场景;驾驶人在隐性危险场景中TTC值小于显性危险场景;在被试车辆与轿车、行人、非机动车冲突3种交通冲突场景中,驾驶人对行人危险感知能力最弱...  相似文献   

2.
为深入研究低能见度下影响驾驶人发生危险驾驶行为的因素,提高道路交通安全性,自编低能见度环境中危险驾驶行为问卷和驾驶能力问卷,用其对314名驾驶人进行调查。采用Pearson相关系数法和结构方程模型(SEM)建模方法,研究低能见度环境中危险驾驶行为与驾驶能力描述性变量间的关系。结果表明,低能见度环境中, 驾驶人危险驾驶行为可分为错误行为和失误行为;性别与错误行为显著相关,且对错误行为影响最大的因素是危险感知能力,其次是低能见度事故,驾龄影响最弱;错误行为正向影响失误行为,且危险感知能力对失误行为有间接影响。  相似文献   

3.
为完善我国驾驶人安全教育体系,预防由驾驶人引发的交通事故,选取潜在危险认知通过率、危险区域正确判断率、避险操作准确度为评价指标,利用自主开发的测试培训软件,采集36名被试的数据,分析不同训练频次及丰富度下,新手驾驶人潜在危险认知能力的提升效果。结果表明:反复训练可使驾驶人潜在危险认知能力提高并保持稳定;相较于低频训练,3~6天/次的高、中频训练效果更明显;相较于简单训练,有针对性教育指导的多样训练使驾驶人能力提升更快;有限的训练条件下,进行6~8次多样训练效果较好。  相似文献   

4.
为全面认识驾驶人行为及风险感知并分析行为成因,从驾驶人生理因素着手,从驾驶人视力、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和肌肉骨骼疾患3个方面梳理国内外驾驶人行为及风险感知的研究成果与研究不足。研究结果表明:驾驶人的生理疾病对其驾驶能力和危险感知存在显著影响;生理疾病严重程度与异常驾驶行为中的一般性失误、危险性失误行为之间具有显著正相关关系,疾病严重程度越高,出行失误行为的频率越高;之后可从理论和实验两方面着手,针对驾驶人的不同属性进行研究。  相似文献   

5.
为预防冰雪道路环境中驾驶人因视觉感知错误引发交通事故,研究了冰雪道路环境对驾驶人视觉感知特性的影响,选择8名熟练驾驶人作为试验样本,且每2人一组,采用跟车调查的方法采集驾驶人对于自身感知车速和前导车车距的视觉感知信息,并利用非接触车速仪检测2辆跟驰行驶试验车的实际车速与车距,对冰雪条件与非冰雪条件下驾驶人的视觉感知信息进行分析对比.研究结果表明,在冰雪环境中驾驶人视觉感知车速比非冰雪环境中低5% ~ 14%;但当2辆跟驰车辆前后车间距在50 m内时,驾驶人在冰雪环境与在非冰雪环境中行驶时,其视觉感知的车距无显著性差异.  相似文献   

6.
为预防和减少道路交通事故,利用多分类Adaboost SAMME算法辨识不同驾驶人的风险感知倾向。首先基于交通冲突分析方法,量化56位驾驶人的风险感知效用值;然后通过KMRTDS驾驶模拟器获取驾驶人在6个风险驾驶情境中的行为表征参数;最后运用线性判别分析(LDA)、Adaboost SAMME算法逐步构建基于驾驶行为数据的驾驶人风险感知倾向分类预测模型,并采用 k折交叉验证法评估该模型的有效性。研究结果表明:所提模型预测准确率达92.9%,可以有效辨识不同驾驶人的风险感知水平,将驾驶人分为安全、激进、复合3种类型。  相似文献   

7.
为提高用驾驶人危险辨识能力评估系统得到的评估结果的信效度,探讨评估场景对评估结果的影响。首先,分析各类评估系统中评估场景的异同点;其次,由于评估场景一般为危险情境,通过对危险定义与类型、危险风险度的系统梳理,探讨危险情境对评估结果的影响;最后,通过分析动静态场景的优缺点,探讨场景展现形式对评估结果的影响。结果表明:危险情境的主观和客观风险度的一致性越高,评估结果的信效度越好;动静态场景各有利弊,静态场景能有效避免评估结果的模糊性和驾驶人的疲劳厌烦效应,动态场景更利于理解危险情境,同时更贴近驾驶人实际驾驶时的危险辨识工作机制。  相似文献   

8.
9.
为研究在道路突发危险场景下先进驾驶辅助系统的不同警告方式对驾驶人应激反应能力的影响,利用自主开发的驾驶人应激反应能力测试软件,以计算机模拟与驾驶模拟器为试验平台,以实际驾驶视频为试验场景,选取操作准确率和反应时间为测试指标,分析不同警告方式下驾驶人的应激反应能力。研究结果表明:视觉警告可有效缩短应激反应时间;视听觉组合警告中,视觉警告占主导作用,听觉警告起辅助作用;在真实场景视频试验环境下,驾驶模拟器模拟试验的操作效果优于计算机模拟试验。  相似文献   

10.
为合理评估危险货物运输驾驶人驾驶过程中的风险倾向,建立危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向聚类及辨识体系,以动态监控系统中记录的驾驶人实时违规预警数据为基础,选取可能引发交通冲突的安全关键事件为特征参数,利用探索性因子分析方法实现指标降维,提取驾驶人风险倾向主因子,并通过K-means算法聚类不同风险倾向的驾驶人,最后基于聚类结果监督训练随机森林模型,辨识未知驾驶人的风险倾向。结果表明,利用选取的8类安全关键事件特征参数,可以将驾驶人风险倾向划分为攻击驾驶倾向、鲁莽驾驶倾向、驾驶分神倾向和驾驶疲劳倾向,且可以识别风险较低的驾驶人,基于随机森林模型的驾驶人风险倾向识别准确率为88.68%,可以较好地实现危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向辨识。研究结果为危险货物运输驾驶人风险倾向分类及识别提供了方法依据。  相似文献   

11.
    
Globalization and trade among developed and developing countries has increased the need of risk communication at the workplace. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in risk communication and perception in various countries. It looked at hazard perception associated with colors and safety words among Indian industry workers. Fifty workers participated in the study focused on hazard rating of 9 safety words and 7 colors. In one part of the study the participants were asked to associate colors with safety words through recalling them from their long-term memory; in another they were asked to associate safety words with given colors. The results showed that certain words and colors implied different hazard rating at the workplace. The rank ordering of safety words and colors varied significantly in different countries. Hence population factors should be taken into consideration when designing standards for hazard communication.  相似文献   

12.
Objective: We studied the changes in driving fatigue levels of experienced and inexperienced drivers at 3 periods of the day: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m.

Methods: Thirty drivers were involved in 120-min real-car driving, and sleepiness ratings (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS; Hoddes et al. 1973 Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology. 1973;10:431436.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and heart rates (HRs) were recorded. Together with principal component analysis, the relationship between EEG signals and HR was explored and used to determine a comprehensive indicator of driving fatigue. Then the comprehensive indicator was assessed via paired t test.

Results: Experienced and inexperienced drivers behaved significantly differently in terms of subjective fatigue during preliminary trials. At the beginning of trials and after termination, subjective fatigue level was aggravated with prolonged continuous driving. Moreover, we discussed the changing rules of EEG signals and HR and found that with prolonged time, the ratios of δ and β waves significantly declined, whereas that of the θ wave significantly rose. The ratio of (α + θ)/β significantly rose both before trials and after termination, but HR dropped significantly. However, one-factor analysis of variance shows that driving experience significantly affects the θ wave, (α + θ)/β ratio, and HR.

Conclusions: We found that in a monotonous road environment, fatigue symptoms occurred in inexperienced drivers and experienced drivers after about 60 and 80 min of continuous driving, respectively. Therefore, as for drivers with different experiences, restriction on continuous driving time would avoid fatigued driving and thereby eliminate traffic accidents. We find that the comprehensive indicator changes significantly with fatigue level. The integration of different indicators improves the recognition accuracy of different driving fatigue levels.  相似文献   

13.
    
Objective: Hazard perception (HP) is the ability to identify a hazardous situation while driving. Though HP has been well studied among neurologically intact populations, little is known about the HP of neurologically impaired populations (in this study, stroke patients). The purpose of this study is, first, to investigate the HP of stroke patients and, second, to verify the effect of lesion side (right or left hemisphere) on HP, from the viewpoint of hazard types.

Methods: Sixty-seven neurologically intact age-matched older drivers and 63 stroke patients with valid driver’s licenses conducted a video-based Japanese HP task. Participants were asked to indicate the hazardous events in the driving scenario. These events were classified into 3 types: (1) behavioral prediction hazards (BP), which are those where the cause is visible before it becomes a hazard; (2) environmental prediction hazards (EP), which are those where the ultimate hazard may be hidden from view; and (3) dividing and focusing attention hazards (DF), which are those where there is more than one potential hazard to monitor on approach.Participants also took part in the Trail Making Test (TMT) to evaluate visual information processing speed.

Results: The results showed that the number of responses was significantly fewer for stroke patients than for age-matched drivers for all hazard types (P < .001), and this difference was not affected by lesion side (P > .05). It was also found that stroke patients showed a slower response time than age-matched drivers only for BP (P < .001). The lesion side did not affect response latency (P > .05). Results of the TMT revealed that age-matched drivers completed the task significantly faster than stroke patients (P < .001) and that neither TMT-A nor TMT-B differentiated between patients with left hemisphere damage and patients with right hemisphere damage (P > .05).

Conclusions: Firstly, HP in stroke patients is low compared to age-matched drivers. Secondly, even if stroke patients notice hazards, their response may be delayed in a BP situation, due to a slower visual information processing speed. Thirdly, the lesion side does not appear to affect HP.  相似文献   


14.
分心驾驶容易影响驾驶行为,进而导致交通事故的问题。用理论建模方法,研究分心对驾驶行为及其可靠性的影响。介绍分心驾驶的定义和维度。基于驾驶行为理论,建立融合分心维度的驾驶行为模型,分析不同分心维度对驾驶行为的影响机理。基于可靠性理论,建立融合分心维度的驾驶行为可靠性模型,分析不同分心维度对驾驶行为可靠性的影响。结果表明:不同维度分心对驾驶行为的影响具有各自特点和交互性;减少影响系数高的分心维度,有助于提高驾驶行为可靠性;多维度分心比单维度分心会更大程度地降低驾驶行为可靠度,应减少或避免复合分心。  相似文献   

15.
李开元  邱小秦 《安全》2019,40(2):29-32
为了更好的开展危害辨识,落实有关建立安全生产风险分级管控和隐患排查治理双重预防机制的要求,结合危险源的描述、风险辨识的范围、可能导致的后果、评价分级等环节中普遍存在的问题进行了探讨,讨论了风险辨识与隐患排查治理的关系,同时给出了进一步做好安全风险辨识的建议,表明了安全风险辨识的重要性和长期性。  相似文献   

16.
为研究驾驶员驾驶时使用不同手机导航方式对驾驶行为的影响,开展模拟驾驶试验,利用眼动仪获取4个场景下车辆行驶状态和驾驶人视觉参数;通过均值比较,方差和显著性分析,探究不同手机导航方式下驾驶行为存在的差异。结果表明:不同手机导航方式均造成驾驶分心,但分心程度不同;手持手机导航使驾驶人对前方和左侧区域的关注下降最为显著;使用导航时,驾驶人一般通过降低车速来减少分心带来的潜在风险,其中手持手机导航降低幅度最大;使用手机导航时,车辆纵向速度标准差更加集中,说明此时驾驶人对于车辆的控制变强。  相似文献   

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