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矿山酸性废水治理技术及其发展趋势 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
矿山酸性废水在很多国家和地区都造成了严重的环境污染。本文分析矿山酸性废水的成因、特点及危害,并总结了中和法、硫化法和微生物法等经济、实用的酸性矿山废水处理技术现状,并进一步阐述了酸性矿山废水治理技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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对于地下开采的有水矿山,矿床疏干需要排放和消耗大量的地下水资源。本文介绍了玉泉岭铁矿在矿床疏干过程中,合理利用和保护水资源的主要措施和方法。 相似文献
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文章结合青海大学化工学院基础化学实验教学情况,探讨了在基础化学实验室中开展绿色化学的重要性和可行性,说明用绿色化学的新理念指导化学实验教学工作,可减少化学实验带来的环境污染,并从转变教师观念、开展微型实验、培育具有环保素质的人才等方面入手,阐述了实现绿色化学实验的实施步聚。 相似文献
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在简要阐述工业废水灌溉引起农田土壤污染状况,依据国家相关标准作了调查和对比评价的同时,着重讨论了土壤铬(Cr)的地球化学特征和东部地区铬的地球化学背景值和本地深层土壤基准值;并依此为对比标准,综合农田土壤耕作层、心土层、底土层和土壤母质层等土体剖面各层次中的分布特点,作对比评价;对土壤污染源进行了平面和垂向分析追踪;结合当地实际提出农田土壤铬污染的防治对策和建议,为政府有关部门进行耕地保护和环境治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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等离子体技术在环境污染治理中的应用研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
阐述了等离子体的产生机理、方法、分类及特点,从大气污染、水污染和固体废物三方面论述了等离子体技术在环境污染治理中的应用进展,展现了等离子体技术在废物处理中的应用前景。 相似文献
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作为欧盟的核心成员国之一,近年来比利时在环境治理方面成效显著。尤其是弗拉芒大区,逐渐形成了以"土地证书"为标志的土壤污染治理、"从摇篮到坟墓"的废弃物治理和以"许可证制度"为核心的空气污染治理等一系列特点鲜明的环境治理措施和方法。本文着重分析弗拉芒大区环境治理的机构设置和目标,以及其土地污染治理中的"土地证书"和土地交易管理,空气污治理中的工业污染源和交通污染源治理,废弃物治理中的法律、经济与自愿工具使用三个方面的典型经验。结合比利时弗拉芒大区的典型经验和现阶段我国环境政策体系存在的主要问题,建议我国环境政策体系的改进和完善,应更加注重实现污染外部性的内部化、利用市场手段来实现土壤保护和开发新的环境政策工具。 相似文献
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我国造纸工业对环境的污染及解决方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文论述造纸工业的主要污染源及解决造纸工业对环境污染问题的关键技术和方法, 提出我国造纸工业环境保护的基本对策,认为我国的造纸工业也能成为洁净工业。 相似文献
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浅谈我国土壤问题特征及国外土壤环境管理经验借鉴 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
随着我国社会经济的发展,土壤污染问题逐渐显露。而且我国土壤环境问题及污染防治工作在相当长时间内没有得到应有的重视,土壤污染问题逐渐暴露。加强土壤环境管理是我国土壤环境保护的一项基础性工作,具有十分重要的意义。本文研究分析我国与国外土壤环境问题的差异,总结美国、荷兰、日本三个国家土壤环境管理的经验及其借鉴意义,综合考虑我国发展国情、土壤环境问题特征及土壤环境管理基础,确定我国土壤环境管理要依靠"行政推动和法律监管相结合",提出一个涵盖土壤环境法律法规、标准、技术和装备能力建设(监测、监管、监理、风险管控)、人员队伍建设的适应我国土壤环境问题特征的综合环境管理体系。 相似文献
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针对新常态下环境管理面临的机遇与挑战,本文提出了环境管理工作要树立新的思维,并在此基础上深入剖析了总量与质量、容量与流量、存量与增量的关系。现行的总量控制制度在实施过程中带来的污染减排潜力越来越小,因此,环境管理的目标应从以污染排放控制为主向以环境质量改善为主转变,通过采取具有针对性的差异化容量总量控制管理手段,实现污染排放流量管控,同时,应充分考虑现有环境本底负荷的问题,实现污染存量和可能增量的协同控制,这对于推进环境管理工作的战略转型具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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The environmental behavior of the residents depends on their perception of environmental pollution. Hence, it is important for scientific and policy experts to research on the impact of the environmental pollution perception of local residents. Owing to the richness of natural resources, Hancheng coal mine areas are abound in heavy industries, and environmental pollution is serious and typical in this area, thus, the residents are anxious about their health. Using questionnaires, this paper surveys the perception of residents living in the coal mine area. The influential factors of environmental perception were analyzed by the Rank Sum Test. The results were: (1) the majority of the residents in the coal mine area are not satisfied with their living environment. The perception order of pollution severity is: air pollution?>?noise pollution?>?sanitation?>?water pollution. The residents think that pollution is mainly caused by coal processing. Hence, coal mining is not the main reason of the pollution in the coal mine area. (2) Age and length of residence have significant positive effects on perceptions of air, water, and noise pollutions; whereas education has a significant negative effect on perceptions of water and noise pollutions, as well as sanitation. This phenomenon can be explained by the various cultural groups having varied perceptions on the environmental pollution. In addition, proximity to mine has significant negative effect on perceptions of water and noise pollution. In conclusion, the paper discusses the effects of demographical and social factors on the perception of environmental pollution and gives suggestions on the planning and management of the environment. 相似文献
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This study examined the environmental and social effects of large‐scale mining in Chingola, Zambia. Data was collected through semi‐structured interviews with 164 residents living close to Zambia's largest open pit mine, key informants and desk analysis of secondary data. Quantitative data was analysed using the chi‐square test, one sample T‐test and two sample Z‐proportions test, while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Results show that the residents reported being most affected by sulphur dioxide air emissions and noise pollution due to the proximity of the copper smelter and heavy moving machinery to their residences. The residents received domestic water containing rust and copper ore particles from the water utility company which draws raw water from the mine. Although the mine was a source of employment for locals, over 4,000 jobs (representing a 33% decrease) have been lost over a period of 4 years, negatively affecting the local economy. Mine management attributed the job losses to high production costs and mechanization of mining processes. The residents perceived the job losses to have led to crime, alcohol abuse and prostitution among youths as well as a general increase in poverty levels. Analysis of air emissions data from the mine found elevated levels of dust, cadmium, copper and lead pollutants. Key informants from Nchanga Mine reported implementing bioremediation to reduce soil contamination by the heavy metals and recycling SO2 to produce sulphuric acid. The study recommends an increase in social corporate responsibility from the mine management to ensure residents derive more substantive benefits from their proximity to the mine. 相似文献
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我国地方环境保护标准工作起步晚、发展慢,仍与国家标准存在较大的差距。地方环境保护标准制(修)订的基本思路逐步由传统的保障总量削减目标实现、加严污染排放控制,向改善环境质量、保障环境安全以及实现区域联防联控并重转变。以北京、上海、广东等主要省市地方标准现状为例,分析了地方标准的工作难点,并探讨了"十二五"时期地方标准发展的思路。 相似文献