固定化微生物脱氮

应用固定化微生物技术开展单级生物脱氮的研究。结果表明，固定化硝化与反硝化混合污泥可以实现单级生物脱氮，效果好于未固定化污泥，氨氧化速率和总无机氮的脱中分别提高到未固定化污泥的１．７倍和１３．４倍。结果还表明光硬化树脂也是一种较好的固定化介质。     

固定化细胞膜的制备及其特性研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为载体混合固定硝化菌和反硝化菌,采用循环冷冻-解冻的方法制备 固定化细胞膜,研究了载体浓度、冷冻-解冻次数对PVA膜机械强度、底物在膜中的扩散系数 和固定化细胞活力的影响.同时设计了一种与固定化细胞膜相配套的新型生物脱氮反应器,考 察了固定化细胞膜的操作稳定性.结果表明,浓度为13%～15%(w/w)的PVA,循环冷冻-解冻5次左 右,制得的PVA膜具有较高的机械强度,并且所得固定化细胞的活性亦较高.15%的PVA经过5次 冷冻-解冻制成的膜,可以承受的最大拉伸应力为1.52MPa,氨氮在其中的扩散系数为0.75×10 ^-9m²/s. 运行2个月固定化细胞的活性没有下降,固定化细胞膜亦未出现溶胀或变形.     

碳源循环单级生物脱氮技术研究

开发了一种列管式固定化细胞生物反应器，其特征在于硝化菌和反硝化菌被混合固定于中空的PVA凝胶管的管壁之中，PVA凝胶管平行置于圆柱形筒体内，构成一个类似于列管式换热器的生物脱氮反应器。需要处理的氨氮废水在固定化细胞管的外侧与圆柱形壳体的内侧间流动，而反硝化所需的碳源（乙醇水溶液）则在PVA凝胶管内循环。研究了列管式固定化细胞生物反应器进行单级生物脱氮的可行性和连续运行的效果，并证明了在非纯菌种的固定化细胞单级生物脱氮过程化细胞生物反应器进行单级生物脱氮的可行性和连续运行的效果，并证明了在非纯菌种的固定化细胞单级生物脱氮过程中，存在着NH^ 4→NO^-2→N2的短积生物脱氮。     

微生物固定化技术在污水生物脱氮中的应用

综述了微生物固定化技术在污水硝化、生物脱氮中的应用,包括固定化材料与固定化工艺;国内外研究与应用现状;以及在较大规模污水处理中的实际应用;对该项技术目前存在的问题及其解决途径、发展前景和趋势进行了评述。     

膜生物反应器脱氮效能的实验研究

介绍了在实验室中采用膜生物反应器与A/O法结合处理生活污水的运行情况,研究膜生物反应器脱氮效能,借以为后续的研究及应用提供参考。     

固定化细胞单级生物脱氮动力学模型研究

以PVA为载体 ,采用冷冻 解冻法混合固定硝化菌和反硝化菌 ,在鼓泡床中研究了固定化细胞单级生物脱氮的动力学。结果表明 :在固定化细胞单级生物脱氮过程中 ,内扩散对反应的影响非常小 ,脱氮速率受化学反应控制。反应的动力学可以用Monod方程来表示 ,其动力学常数Ks 和vmax分别为 30 3 0mg L和 0 0 96mg L·s。用模型计算的脱氮速率与实测值非常接近     

固定化微生物技术及其在生物脱氮中的应用

介绍了几种实用固定化微生物技术，对其进行了技术比较。简述了固定化微生物技术在生物脱氮技术中的应用，并提出一种基于颗粒污泥原理的微生物固定技术应用于单级生物脱氮。     

固定化微生物用于废水生物脱氮的试验研究

本文通过试验确定了用聚乙烯酸（PVA）对微生物进行固定化的最佳条件，对低温下未包埋和包埋反硝化菌脱氛的效果进行比较，探讨了固定化细胞用于有毒废水生物脱氮的可行性。结果表明，固定化微生物在低温时的脱氮效果明显优于未固定化细胞，且固定化做生物对毒性有很强的耐受力。     

固定化微生物技术在废水脱氮中的应用

综述了固定化微生物技术在废水脱氮处理中的应用。固定化微生物脱氮技术与其它生物脱氮技术相比，除无污泥膨胀、污泥量少、操作管理简单等优点外，还可以提高硝化反硝化速度、增强硝化反硝化菌的抗毒性及节省碳源消耗等。     

聚氨酯填料复合式动态膜反应器脱氮性能研究

聚氨酯填料由德国首先研发,国内实际工程运用不多,与动态膜反应器复合的应用未见报道。而动态膜反应器在好氧状态下,对各污染物指标去除效果较好,但脱氮效果不理想。利用聚氨酯填料的好氧-缺氧-厌氧微环境特点,按照30%的投加比将其投加到动态膜反应器中,研究复合式反应器的脱氮性能。试验结果表明:聚氨酯复合式动态膜反应器出水总氮去除率均值为75.20%,出水浓度为7.85~13.76 mg/L,达到城镇污水处理厂一级A排放标准。     

强化膜生物反应器脱氮除磷性能对比试验研究

对序批式运行方式强化膜生物反应器脱氮除磷效果进行了研究.在试验过程中逐渐降低进水COD TN值,提高总氮负荷,比较序批式膜生物反应器和传统膜生物反应器的脱氮除磷性能与膜污染状况.试验结果表明,进水COD TN降至3 8～8 3,总氮负荷提高至0 22kg·m-3·d-1时,传统膜生物反应器无法脱氮,而序批式膜生物反应器通过改变周期、提高交换比等方式,TN和氨氮去除率分别保持在67 6%和93 1%.序批式的运行方式还可以减轻膜污染.     

Inorganic nitrogen removal of toilet wastewater with an airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor

Removal of inorganic nitrogen (inorganic-N) from toilet wastewater, using a pilot-scale airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor (AEC-MBR) was studied. The results showed that the use of AEC-MBR with limited addition of alkaline reagents and volumetric loading rates of inorganic-N of 0.19-0.40 kg inorganic-N/(m3·d) helped achieve the desired nitrification and denitrification. Furthermore, the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on inorganic-N removal were examined. Under the condition of MLSS at 1.56-2.35 g/L, BOD5/ammonia nitrogen (NH/-N) at 1.0, pH at 7.0-7.5, and DO at 1.0-2.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of NH4 -N and inorganic-N were 91.5% and 70.0%, respectively, in the AEC-MBR. The cost of addition of alkaline reagent was approximately 0.5-1.5 RMB yuan/m3, and the energy consumption was approximately 0.72 kWh/m3 at the flux of 8 L/(m2·h).     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an airlift intermittent circulation membrane bioreactor

A new airlift intermittent circulation integrated bioreactor was developed for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater, in which, circulation of mixed liquid between mixing zone and aeration zone was realized by aeration power, alternately anaerobic/anoxic bio-environment in mixing zone was realized by intermittent circulation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was obtained through strengthened denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Removal performance of the reactor was investigated and pollutant removal and transfer mechanism in one operation circle was analyzed. The experiment results indicated that under the influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 642.1 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) of 87.4 mg/L and PO₄^3?-P of 12.1 mg/L, average removal efficiencies of COD, TN and PO₄^3?-P reached 96.4%, 83.2% and 90.5%, respectively, with the hydraulic residence time of 22 hr and operation circle time of 185 min. Track studies indicated that the separation of aeration and mixing zones and intermittent circulation of mixed liquid between the two zones provided distinct biological environments spatially and temporally, which ensured the occurrence of multifunctional microbial reactions.     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in an airlift intermittent circulation membrane bioreactor

A new airlift intermittent circulation integrated bioreactor was developed for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal of wastewater, in which, circulation of mixed liquid between mixing zone and aeration zone was realized by aeration power, alternately anaerobic/anoxic bio-environment in mixing zone was realized by intermittent circulation and simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal was obtained through strengthened denitrifying phosphorus removal process. Removal performance of the reactor was investigated and pollutant removal and transfer mechanism in one operation circle was analyzed. The experiment results indicated that under the influent condition of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 642.1 mg/L, total nitrogen (TN) of 87.4 mg/L and PO₄^3--P of 12.1 mg/L, average removal efficiencies of COD, TN and PO₄^3--P reached 96.4%, 83.2% and 90.5%, respectively, with the hydraulic residence time of 22 hr and operation circle time of 185 min. Track studies indicated that the separation of aeration and mixing zones and intermittent circulation of mixed liquid between the two zones provided distinct biological environments spatially and temporally, which ensured the occurrence of multifunctional microbial reactions.     

缺氧/好氧电化学膜-生物反应器强化脱氮效果及抗污染性能研究

研究了外加电压下电化学A/O-MBR的污染物去除效果和抗污染性能,分析了抗污染性能提高的原因.结果显示,外加2V电压时系统对COD和总氮的平均去除率分别为89.4%、92.2%,不加电压时COD和总氮的去除率分别为87.6%、77.3%,表明外加电压能够显著提高A/O-MBR的脱氮处理效果;研究同时发现,外加2V电压时,导电膜的平均运行周期为38d,相比不加电压时（平均26d）,运行周期有所延长.污染物与导电膜之间的静电排斥作用和H₂O₂的原位清洗作用是系统抗污染性能提升的主要原因.     

Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphor removal in an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） effect and phosphor removal were investigated in a one-staged aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor on pilot-scale with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） 19--20 g/L. The effects of DO concentration, sludge floc size distribution on SND were studied. Test results suggested that SND was successfully performed in the membrane bioreactor （MBR） and about 70% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved when DO concentration was set to 0.2-- 0.3 mg/L. The main mechanisms governing SND were the suitable sludge floc size and the low DO concentration which was caused by low oxygen transfer rate with such a high MLSS concentration in the MBR. In the meantime, phosphor removal was also studied with polymer ferric sulfate （PFS） addition and 14 mg/L dosage of PFS was proper for the MBR to remove phosphor. PFS addition also benefited the MBR operation owing to its reduction of extracellular polymer substances （EPS） of mixed liquor.     

生物反应器填埋场场内脱氮机理小试研究

虽然相对于传统的填埋场而言,渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统有利于促进填埋层微生物的生长,但并不能促进垃圾有机污染物的彻底厌氧降解,甚至会导致高浓度氨氮的积累而增加场外处理难度;为此,通过实验室动态模拟试验,进行了渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统和脱氮型生物反应器填埋场系统对填埋垃圾的脱氮性能及脱氮机理的初步研究.结果表明,脱氮型生物反应器填埋场系统所提供的生物空间环境更有利于反硝化细菌的生长与繁殖,其反硝化细菌的数量始终比常规的渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统高1～3个数量级;其氨氮去除效果达到90%左右,远远优于渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统.     

生物除磷脱氮工艺技术研究

采用厌氧－缺氧－好氧工艺（简称Ａ２／Ｏ工艺）,研究除磷脱氮的主要影响因素及其规律。结果表明,ＣＯＤ／ＴＰ值增大,总磷去除率提高,但当ＣＯＤ／ＴＰ＞６０时,提高缓慢;硝酸盐的存在对除磷有抑制;ＣＯＤ／ＴＫＮ＜１０时,总氮去除率随碳氮比增大而增加,大于此值几乎无影响;混合液回流比小于３时,回流比的变化对总磷总氮的去除均有影响;温度对脱氮的影响比除磷显著,小于１５℃氮去除率明显下降,而８～１０℃时仍有较好的除磷效果。     

Performance of bioferric-submerged membrane bioreactor for dyeing wastewater treatment

Adding iron salt or iron hydroxide to sludgemixed liquor in an aeration tank of a conventional activated sludge processes (bioferric process) can simultaneously improve the sludge’s filterability and enhance the system’s treatment capacity. In view of this, Fe(OH)₃ was added to a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) to enhance the removal efficiency and to mitigate membrane fouling. Bioferric process and SMBR were combined to create a novel process called Bioferric-SMBR. A side-by-side comparison study of Bioferric-SMBR and common SMBR dealing with dyeing wastewater was carried out. Bioferric-SMBR showed potential superiority, which could enhance removal efficiency, reduce membrane fouling and improve sludge characteristic. When volumetric loading rate was 25% higher than that of common SMBR, the removal efficiencies of Bioferric-SMBR on COD, dye, and NH₄ ⁺-N were 1.0%, 9.5%, and 5.2% higher than that of common SMBR, respectively. The trans-membrane pressure of Bioferric-SMBR was only 36% of that in common SMBR while its membrane flux was 25% higher than that of common SMBR. The stable running period in Bioferric-SMBR was 2.5 times of that in common SMBR when there was no surplus sludge discharged. The mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of Bioferric-SMBR was higher than that of common SMBR with more diversified kinds of microorganisms such as protozoans and metazoans. The mean particle diameter and specific oxygen uptake rate of Bioferric-SMBR were 3.10 and 1.23 times the common SMBR, respectively. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(6): 65–70 [译自: 环境科学]